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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1® Some understand the rule to be that the son is not to speak of himself as old; but the meaning in the translation is the more approved. * Four men were the proper complement for a mat; the eldest of the five therefore was Lonoured with another mat for himself. SECT. I. PT. II. xxv ui. 69 middle of the mat (which he occupies alone), nor walk in the middle of the road, nor stand in the middle of the doorway'. 10. He should not take the part of regulating the (quantity of) rice and other viands at an entertainment. 11. He should not act as personator of the dead at sacrifice*, 12. He should be (as if he were) hearing (his parents) when there is no voice from them, and as seeing them when they are not actually there. 13. Heshould not ascend a height, nor approach the verge of a depth; he should not indulge in reckless reviling or derisive laughing. A filial son will not do things in the dark, nor attempt hazardous undertakings, fearing lest he disgrace his parents. 14. While his parents are alive, he will not promise a friend to die (with or for him)’, nor will he have wealth that he calls his own. 15. A son, while his parents are alive, will not wear a cap or (other) article of dress, with a white border‘. 16. An orphan son, taking his father’s place, will not wear a cap or (other article of) dress with a variegated border’. 5.17. A boy should never he allowed to see an 1 The father is supposed to be alive; the south-west part of an apartment was held to be the most honourable, and must be reserved for him. So of the other things. * This was in the ancestral worship. A son, acting such a part, would have to receive the homage of his father. 5 I have known instances of Chinese agreeing to die with or for a friend, who wished to avenge a great wrong. See the covenant of the three heroes of the ‘romance of the Three Kingdoms,’ near the beginning. * White was and is the colour worn in mourning. 5 The son here is the eldest son and heir; even after the regular period of mourning is over, he continues to wear it in so far. The other sons were not required to do so. 70 THE Lf xt. BK. I.
2* White was and is the colour worn in mourning. 5 The son here is the eldest son and heir; even after the regular period of mourning is over, he continues to wear it in so far. The other sons were not required to do so. 70 THE Lf xt. BK. I. instance of deceit’. 18. A lad should not wear a jacket of fur nor the skirt?» He must stand straight and square, and not incline his head in hearing. 19. When an elder is holding him with the hand, he should hold the elder’s hand with both his hands. When the elder has shifted his sword to his back and is speaking to him with the side of his face bent down, he should cover his mouth with his hand in answering ®, 20. When he is following his teacher*, he should not quit the road to speak with another person. When he meets his teacher on the road, he should hasten forward to him, and stand with his hands joined across his breast. If the teacher speak to him, he will answer; if he do not, he will retire with hasty steps. 21. When, following an elder, they ascend a level height, he must keep his face towards the quarter to which the elder is looking. 22. When one has ascended the wall of a city, he should not point, nor call out®. 23. When he intends to go to a lodging-house, let it not be with the feeling that he must get whatever he asks for. 24. When about to go up to the hall (of a house), he must raise his voice. When outside the door there are two (pairs * This maxim deserves to be specially noted. It will remind the reader of Juvenal’s lines :— ‘Maxima debetur puero reverentia. Si quid Turpe paras, nec tu pueri contempseris annos.’ * To make him handy, and leave him free to execute any service required of him. 3 The second sentence here is difficult to construe, and the critics differ much in dealing with it. Zottoli’s version is—‘ Si e dorso vel latere transverso ore (superior) eloquatur ei, tunc obducto ore respondebit.’ “ *Teacher’ is here ‘the one born before him,’ denoting ‘an old man who teaches youth.’ * And thus make himself an object of general observation. SECT. I. PT. I. KHU uf. 71 of) shoes’, if voices be heard, he enters; if voices be not heard, he will not enter. 25. When about to enter the door, he must keep his eyes cast down. As he enters, he should (keep his hands raised as high as if he were) bearing the bar of the door. In looking down or up, he should not turn (his head), If the door were open, he should leave it open ; if it were shut, he should shut it again. If there be others (about) to enter after him, while he (turns to) shut the door, let him not do so hastily. 26. Let him not tread on the shoes (left outside the door), nor stride across the mat (in going to take his seat) ; but let him hold up his dress, and move hastily to his corner (of the mat). (When seated), he must be careful in answering or assenting. 6. 27. A great officer or (other) officer should go out or in at the ruler’s doors’, on the right of the middle post, without treading on the threshold.
3(When seated), he must be careful in answering or assenting. 6. 27. A great officer or (other) officer should go out or in at the ruler’s doors’, on the right of the middle post, without treading on the threshold. 7, 28. Whenever (a host has received and) is entering with a guest, at every door he should give place to him. When the guest arrives at the innermost door (or that leading to the feast- 1 It was the custom in China, as it still is in Japan, to take off the shoes, and leave them outside the door on entering an apartment. This paragraph and the next tell us how a new-comer should not enter an apartment hastily, so as to take those already there by surprise. 2 It is necessary to translate here in the plural. Anciently, as now, the palace, mansion, or public office was an aggregate of courts, with buildings in them, so that the visitor passed from one to another through a gateway, till he reached the inner court which conducted to the hall, behind which again were the family apartments. The royal palace had five courts and gates; that of a feudal lord had three. Each gate had its proper name. The whole assemblage of buildings was much deeper than it was wide. 72 THE Lf xt. BK. {. room), the host will ask to be allowed to enter first and arrange the mats. Having done this, he will come out to receive the guest, who will refuse firmly (to enter first). The host having made a low bow to him, they will enter (together). 29. When they have entered the door, the host moves to the right, and the guest to the left, the former going to the steps on the east, and the latter to those on the west. If the guest be of the lower rank, he goes to the steps of the host (as if to follow him up them). The host firmly declines this, and he returns to the other steps on the west'. 30. They then offer to each other the precedence in going up, but the host commences first, followed (immediately) by the other. They bring their feet together on every step, thus ascending by successive paces. He who ascends by the steps on the east should move his right foot first, and the other at the western steps his left foot. 31. Outside the curtain or screen? (a visitor) should not walk with the formal hasty steps, nor above in the hall, nor when carrying the symbol of jade. Above, in the raised hall, the foot-prints should be alongside each other, but below it free and separate. In the apartment the elbows should not be held out like wings in bowing. 32. When two (equals) are sitting side by side, they do not have their elbows extended crosswise. One should not kneel in handing anything to a (superior) standing, nor stand in handing it to him sitting. 2 The host here is evidently of high dignity, living in a mansion. * The screen was in front of the raised hall, in the courtyard ; until they passed it visitors might not be in view of their host, and could feel at ease in their carriage and movements. SECT. L. PT. II, KxHU Li. 73 Part III.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1® Some understand the rule to be that the son is not to speak of himself as old; but the meaning in the translation is the more approved. * Four men were the proper complement for a mat; the eldest of the five therefore was Lonoured with another mat for himself. SECT. I. PT. II. xxv ui. 69 middle of the mat (which he occupies alone), nor walk in the middle of the road, nor stand in the middle of the doorway'. 10. He should not take the part of regulating the (quantity of) rice and other viands at an entertainment. 11. He should not act as personator of the dead at sacrifice*, 12. He should be (as if he were) hearing (his parents) when there is no voice from them, and as seeing them when they are not actually there. 13. Heshould not ascend a height, nor approach the verge of a depth; he should not indulge in reckless reviling or derisive laughing. A filial son will not do things in the dark, nor attempt hazardous undertakings, fearing lest he disgrace his parents. 14. While his parents are alive, he will not promise a friend to die (with or for him)’, nor will he have wealth that he calls his own. 15. A son, while his parents are alive, will not wear a cap or (other) article of dress, with a white border‘. 16. An orphan son, taking his father’s place, will not wear a cap or (other article of) dress with a variegated border’. 5.17. A boy should never he allowed to see an 1 The father is supposed to be alive; the south-west part of an apartment was held to be the most honourable, and must be reserved for him. So of the other things. * This was in the ancestral worship. A son, acting such a part, would have to receive the homage of his father. 5 I have known instances of Chinese agreeing to die with or for a friend, who wished to avenge a great wrong. See the covenant of the three heroes of the ‘romance of the Three Kingdoms,’ near the beginning. * White was and is the colour worn in mourning. 5 The son here is the eldest son and heir; even after the regular period of mourning is over, he continues to wear it in so far. The other sons were not required to do so. 70 THE Lf xt. BK. I.
2* White was and is the colour worn in mourning. 5 The son here is the eldest son and heir; even after the regular period of mourning is over, he continues to wear it in so far. The other sons were not required to do so. 70 THE Lf xt. BK. I. instance of deceit’. 18. A lad should not wear a jacket of fur nor the skirt?» He must stand straight and square, and not incline his head in hearing. 19. When an elder is holding him with the hand, he should hold the elder’s hand with both his hands. When the elder has shifted his sword to his back and is speaking to him with the side of his face bent down, he should cover his mouth with his hand in answering ®, 20. When he is following his teacher*, he should not quit the road to speak with another person. When he meets his teacher on the road, he should hasten forward to him, and stand with his hands joined across his breast. If the teacher speak to him, he will answer; if he do not, he will retire with hasty steps. 21. When, following an elder, they ascend a level height, he must keep his face towards the quarter to which the elder is looking. 22. When one has ascended the wall of a city, he should not point, nor call out®. 23. When he intends to go to a lodging-house, let it not be with the feeling that he must get whatever he asks for. 24. When about to go up to the hall (of a house), he must raise his voice. When outside the door there are two (pairs * This maxim deserves to be specially noted. It will remind the reader of Juvenal’s lines :— ‘Maxima debetur puero reverentia. Si quid Turpe paras, nec tu pueri contempseris annos.’ * To make him handy, and leave him free to execute any service required of him. 3 The second sentence here is difficult to construe, and the critics differ much in dealing with it. Zottoli’s version is—‘ Si e dorso vel latere transverso ore (superior) eloquatur ei, tunc obducto ore respondebit.’ “ *Teacher’ is here ‘the one born before him,’ denoting ‘an old man who teaches youth.’ * And thus make himself an object of general observation. SECT. I. PT. I. KHU uf. 71 of) shoes’, if voices be heard, he enters; if voices be not heard, he will not enter. 25. When about to enter the door, he must keep his eyes cast down. As he enters, he should (keep his hands raised as high as if he were) bearing the bar of the door. In looking down or up, he should not turn (his head), If the door were open, he should leave it open ; if it were shut, he should shut it again. If there be others (about) to enter after him, while he (turns to) shut the door, let him not do so hastily. 26. Let him not tread on the shoes (left outside the door), nor stride across the mat (in going to take his seat) ; but let him hold up his dress, and move hastily to his corner (of the mat). (When seated), he must be careful in answering or assenting. 6. 27. A great officer or (other) officer should go out or in at the ruler’s doors’, on the right of the middle post, without treading on the threshold.
3(When seated), he must be careful in answering or assenting. 6. 27. A great officer or (other) officer should go out or in at the ruler’s doors’, on the right of the middle post, without treading on the threshold. 7, 28. Whenever (a host has received and) is entering with a guest, at every door he should give place to him. When the guest arrives at the innermost door (or that leading to the feast- 1 It was the custom in China, as it still is in Japan, to take off the shoes, and leave them outside the door on entering an apartment. This paragraph and the next tell us how a new-comer should not enter an apartment hastily, so as to take those already there by surprise. 2 It is necessary to translate here in the plural. Anciently, as now, the palace, mansion, or public office was an aggregate of courts, with buildings in them, so that the visitor passed from one to another through a gateway, till he reached the inner court which conducted to the hall, behind which again were the family apartments. The royal palace had five courts and gates; that of a feudal lord had three. Each gate had its proper name. The whole assemblage of buildings was much deeper than it was wide. 72 THE Lf xt. BK. {. room), the host will ask to be allowed to enter first and arrange the mats. Having done this, he will come out to receive the guest, who will refuse firmly (to enter first). The host having made a low bow to him, they will enter (together). 29. When they have entered the door, the host moves to the right, and the guest to the left, the former going to the steps on the east, and the latter to those on the west. If the guest be of the lower rank, he goes to the steps of the host (as if to follow him up them). The host firmly declines this, and he returns to the other steps on the west'. 30. They then offer to each other the precedence in going up, but the host commences first, followed (immediately) by the other. They bring their feet together on every step, thus ascending by successive paces. He who ascends by the steps on the east should move his right foot first, and the other at the western steps his left foot. 31. Outside the curtain or screen? (a visitor) should not walk with the formal hasty steps, nor above in the hall, nor when carrying the symbol of jade. Above, in the raised hall, the foot-prints should be alongside each other, but below it free and separate. In the apartment the elbows should not be held out like wings in bowing. 32. When two (equals) are sitting side by side, they do not have their elbows extended crosswise. One should not kneel in handing anything to a (superior) standing, nor stand in handing it to him sitting. 2 The host here is evidently of high dignity, living in a mansion. * The screen was in front of the raised hall, in the courtyard ; until they passed it visitors might not be in view of their host, and could feel at ease in their carriage and movements. SECT. L. PT. II, KxHU Li. 73 Part III.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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