Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1One of the ladies of quality, with the child in her arms, ascended by the steps on the west. The ruler then named the child ; and (the lady) went down with it. 24. A (second) son or any other son by the wife proper was presented in the outer chamber?, when ' It seems plain that the sons in this paragraph were all by the proper wife or chief lady of the harem, for it is not till paragraph 26 that sons by inferior members of it are spoken of. The KXhien- SECT. Ul. THE NEI 8EH. 475 (the ruler) laid his hand on its head, and with gentle voice named it. The other observances were as before, but without any words. 25. In naming a son, the name should not be that of a day or a month or of any state, or of any hidden ailment’. Sons of Great and other officers must not be called by the same name as the heir-son of the ruler. 26. When a concubine was about to have a child, and the month of her confinement had arrived, the husband sent once a day to ask for her. When the son was born, at the end of three months, she washed her mouth and feet, adjusted herself early in the morning and appeared in the inner chamber (belonging to the wife proper). There she was received with the ceremonies of her first entrance into the harem. When the husband had eaten, a special portion of what was left was given to her by herself ; and forthwith she entered on her duties of attendance. 27. When the child of an inferior member of the ruler’s harem was about to be born, the mother went to one of the side apartments, and at the end of three months, having washed her head and person, and lung editors clearly establish this point. A&ng Hsiian took a different view, saying that ‘“ the (second) son” was a brother of the heir-son (in paragraph 23), and “any other son” a son by aconcubine,’ and P. Zottoli adopts this view :—‘ Reguli haeres (HE F), ejus germanus frater (4 F-); a subnuba filius (fF F,): > add- ing, ‘ Regulus excipiebat primum in praecipua diaeta (BS 2) 5 secundum in postica diaeta (FR Hs), quae hic exterior dicitur relate ad adjacentes aedes, quibus nobilis puerpera morari solebat ; tertium excipiebat in adjacentibus aedibus (48) RR). But these ‘ side apartments’ are not mentioned till paragraph 27. * See page 78, paragraph 4a. 476 THE Li xf. BK. x. put on her court robes, she appeared before the ruler. (One of) her waiting women (also) appeared with the child in herarms, If (the mother) was one to whom the ruler had given special favours, he himself named the son. In the case of such children generally, an officer was employed to name them. 28. Among the common people who had no side chambers, when the month of confinement was come, the husband left his bed-chamber, and occupied a common apartment. In his inquiries for his wife, however, and on his son’s being presented to him, there was no difference (from the observances that have been detailed).
2In his inquiries for his wife, however, and on his son’s being presented to him, there was no difference (from the observances that have been detailed). 29. In all cases though the father is alive, the grandson is presented to the grandfather, who also names him. The ceremonies are the same as when the son is presented to the father; but there is no (interchange of) words (between the mother and him). 30. The nurse of the ruler’s boy? quitted the palace after three years, and, when she appeared before the ruler, was rewarded for her toilsome work. The son of a Great officer had anurse. The wife of an ordinary officer nourished her child herself. 31. The son of a commissioned officer and others above him on to the Great officer was presented (to the father once) in ten days. The eldest son of a ruler was presented to him before he had eaten, when he took him by the right hand; his second or any other son by the wife proper * was presented after he had eaten, when he laid his hand on his head. 32. When the child was able to take its own food, 1 See above, par. 17. * See above, par. 24. SECT. II. THE Nf&I 8EH. 477 it was taught to use the right hand. When it was able to speak, a boy (was taught to) respond boldly and clearly; a girl, submissively and low. The former was fitted with a girdle of leather; the latter, with one of silk’. 1 The account which follows this of the teaching and training of the brothers and sisters is interesting ; and we may compare it with what is said in volume iii, p. 350, of the different reception given to sons and daughters in the royal family, though the distinction between them is not accentuated here so strongly. The passage treats of the children in a family of the higher classes, but those of the common people would be dealt with in a corresponding manner according to their circumstances. And. even in the early feudal times the way was open for talent and character to rise from the lower ranks in the social scale, and be admitted to official employment. The system of competitive examinations was even then casting a shadow before. To number the days was, and is, a more complicated affair in China than with us, requiring an acquaintance with all the terms of the cycle of sixty, as well as the more compendious method by decades for each month. The education of a boy, it will be seen, comprehended much more than what we call the three Rs. The conclusion of paragraph 33 gives the translator some difficulty. Zottoli has—‘et petet exerceri lectionibus sermonisque veritate,’ and my own first draft was—‘he would ask to be exercised in (reading) the tablets, and in truthful speaking.’ But it is making too much of the boys of ancient China to represent them as anxious to be taught to speak the truth. The meaning of the concluding characters, as given in the text, is that assigned to them by King Hsiian.
3The meaning of the concluding characters, as given in the text, is that assigned to them by King Hsiian. There is nothing in what is said of the daughters to indicate that they received any literary training. They were taught simply the household duties that would devolve on them in their state of society; though among them, be it observed, were the forms and provision for sacrifice and worship. It will be observed, also, at how early an age all close intercourse between them and their brothers came to an ‘end, and that at ten they ceased to go out from the women’s apartments. On what is said about the young men marrying at the age of thirty I have spoken in a note on page 65. 478 THE Lf xi. BK. x. 33. At six years, they were taught the numbers and the names of the cardinal points; at the age of seven, boys and girls did not occupy the same mat nor eat together; at eight, when going out or coming in at a gate or door, and going to their mats to eat and drink, they were required to follow their elders :—the teaching of yielding to others was now begun; at nine, they were taught how to number the days. At ten, (the boy) went to a master outside, and stayed with him (even) over the night. He learned the (different classes of) characters and calculation ; he did not wear his jacket or trousers of silk; in his manners he followed his early lessons ; morning and evening he learned the behaviour of a youth; he would ask to be exercised in (reading) the tablets, and in the forms of polite conversation. 34. At thirteen, he learned music, and to repeat the odes, and to dance the £o (of the duke of A’4u)'. When a full-grown lad, he danced the hsiang (of king Wa)!. He learned archery and chariot-driving. At twenty, he was capped, and first learned the (different classes of) ceremonies, and might wear furs and silk. He danced the t4 hsid (of Yii)', and attended sedulously to filial and fraternal duties. He might become very learned, but did not teach others ;—(his object being still) to receive and not to give out. 35. At thirty, he had a wife, and began to attend 1 It is difficult to describe exactly, amid the conflict of different views, these several dances. Dances were of two kinds, the civil and military. The 40 was, perhaps, the first of the civil dances, ascribed to the duke of Ku (vol. iii, p. 334); and the hsiang, the first of the martial. The two are said to have been combined in the t4 hsia. SECT. I. THE Nfl 3EH. 479
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1One of the ladies of quality, with the child in her arms, ascended by the steps on the west. The ruler then named the child ; and (the lady) went down with it. 24. A (second) son or any other son by the wife proper was presented in the outer chamber?, when ' It seems plain that the sons in this paragraph were all by the proper wife or chief lady of the harem, for it is not till paragraph 26 that sons by inferior members of it are spoken of. The KXhien- SECT. Ul. THE NEI 8EH. 475 (the ruler) laid his hand on its head, and with gentle voice named it. The other observances were as before, but without any words. 25. In naming a son, the name should not be that of a day or a month or of any state, or of any hidden ailment’. Sons of Great and other officers must not be called by the same name as the heir-son of the ruler. 26. When a concubine was about to have a child, and the month of her confinement had arrived, the husband sent once a day to ask for her. When the son was born, at the end of three months, she washed her mouth and feet, adjusted herself early in the morning and appeared in the inner chamber (belonging to the wife proper). There she was received with the ceremonies of her first entrance into the harem. When the husband had eaten, a special portion of what was left was given to her by herself ; and forthwith she entered on her duties of attendance. 27. When the child of an inferior member of the ruler’s harem was about to be born, the mother went to one of the side apartments, and at the end of three months, having washed her head and person, and lung editors clearly establish this point. A&ng Hsiian took a different view, saying that ‘“ the (second) son” was a brother of the heir-son (in paragraph 23), and “any other son” a son by aconcubine,’ and P. Zottoli adopts this view :—‘ Reguli haeres (HE F), ejus germanus frater (4 F-); a subnuba filius (fF F,): > add- ing, ‘ Regulus excipiebat primum in praecipua diaeta (BS 2) 5 secundum in postica diaeta (FR Hs), quae hic exterior dicitur relate ad adjacentes aedes, quibus nobilis puerpera morari solebat ; tertium excipiebat in adjacentibus aedibus (48) RR). But these ‘ side apartments’ are not mentioned till paragraph 27. * See page 78, paragraph 4a. 476 THE Li xf. BK. x. put on her court robes, she appeared before the ruler. (One of) her waiting women (also) appeared with the child in herarms, If (the mother) was one to whom the ruler had given special favours, he himself named the son. In the case of such children generally, an officer was employed to name them. 28. Among the common people who had no side chambers, when the month of confinement was come, the husband left his bed-chamber, and occupied a common apartment. In his inquiries for his wife, however, and on his son’s being presented to him, there was no difference (from the observances that have been detailed).
2In his inquiries for his wife, however, and on his son’s being presented to him, there was no difference (from the observances that have been detailed). 29. In all cases though the father is alive, the grandson is presented to the grandfather, who also names him. The ceremonies are the same as when the son is presented to the father; but there is no (interchange of) words (between the mother and him). 30. The nurse of the ruler’s boy? quitted the palace after three years, and, when she appeared before the ruler, was rewarded for her toilsome work. The son of a Great officer had anurse. The wife of an ordinary officer nourished her child herself. 31. The son of a commissioned officer and others above him on to the Great officer was presented (to the father once) in ten days. The eldest son of a ruler was presented to him before he had eaten, when he took him by the right hand; his second or any other son by the wife proper * was presented after he had eaten, when he laid his hand on his head. 32. When the child was able to take its own food, 1 See above, par. 17. * See above, par. 24. SECT. II. THE Nf&I 8EH. 477 it was taught to use the right hand. When it was able to speak, a boy (was taught to) respond boldly and clearly; a girl, submissively and low. The former was fitted with a girdle of leather; the latter, with one of silk’. 1 The account which follows this of the teaching and training of the brothers and sisters is interesting ; and we may compare it with what is said in volume iii, p. 350, of the different reception given to sons and daughters in the royal family, though the distinction between them is not accentuated here so strongly. The passage treats of the children in a family of the higher classes, but those of the common people would be dealt with in a corresponding manner according to their circumstances. And. even in the early feudal times the way was open for talent and character to rise from the lower ranks in the social scale, and be admitted to official employment. The system of competitive examinations was even then casting a shadow before. To number the days was, and is, a more complicated affair in China than with us, requiring an acquaintance with all the terms of the cycle of sixty, as well as the more compendious method by decades for each month. The education of a boy, it will be seen, comprehended much more than what we call the three Rs. The conclusion of paragraph 33 gives the translator some difficulty. Zottoli has—‘et petet exerceri lectionibus sermonisque veritate,’ and my own first draft was—‘he would ask to be exercised in (reading) the tablets, and in truthful speaking.’ But it is making too much of the boys of ancient China to represent them as anxious to be taught to speak the truth. The meaning of the concluding characters, as given in the text, is that assigned to them by King Hsiian.
3The meaning of the concluding characters, as given in the text, is that assigned to them by King Hsiian. There is nothing in what is said of the daughters to indicate that they received any literary training. They were taught simply the household duties that would devolve on them in their state of society; though among them, be it observed, were the forms and provision for sacrifice and worship. It will be observed, also, at how early an age all close intercourse between them and their brothers came to an ‘end, and that at ten they ceased to go out from the women’s apartments. On what is said about the young men marrying at the age of thirty I have spoken in a note on page 65. 478 THE Lf xi. BK. x. 33. At six years, they were taught the numbers and the names of the cardinal points; at the age of seven, boys and girls did not occupy the same mat nor eat together; at eight, when going out or coming in at a gate or door, and going to their mats to eat and drink, they were required to follow their elders :—the teaching of yielding to others was now begun; at nine, they were taught how to number the days. At ten, (the boy) went to a master outside, and stayed with him (even) over the night. He learned the (different classes of) characters and calculation ; he did not wear his jacket or trousers of silk; in his manners he followed his early lessons ; morning and evening he learned the behaviour of a youth; he would ask to be exercised in (reading) the tablets, and in the forms of polite conversation. 34. At thirteen, he learned music, and to repeat the odes, and to dance the £o (of the duke of A’4u)'. When a full-grown lad, he danced the hsiang (of king Wa)!. He learned archery and chariot-driving. At twenty, he was capped, and first learned the (different classes of) ceremonies, and might wear furs and silk. He danced the t4 hsid (of Yii)', and attended sedulously to filial and fraternal duties. He might become very learned, but did not teach others ;—(his object being still) to receive and not to give out. 35. At thirty, he had a wife, and began to attend 1 It is difficult to describe exactly, amid the conflict of different views, these several dances. Dances were of two kinds, the civil and military. The 40 was, perhaps, the first of the civil dances, ascribed to the duke of Ku (vol. iii, p. 334); and the hsiang, the first of the martial. The two are said to have been combined in the t4 hsia. SECT. I. THE Nfl 3EH. 479
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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