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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1(At the same time) there was a feast, when places were given according to age. The Grand minister of Instruction® conducted thither the eminent scholars of the state and along with them superintended the business. of Instruction.’ Callery describes him as ‘Le ministre qui a dans ses attributions l’instruction publique et les rites.’ And this is correct according to the account of his functions here, in the Xu Lf, and in the Sh@ (V, xx, 8); but the characters (Hi) #) simply denote ‘superintendent of the multitudes.’ This, then, was the conception anciently of what government had to do for the multitudes,—to teach them all moral and social duties, how to discharge their obligations to men living and dead, and to spiritual beings. The name is now applied to the president and vicepresident of the board of Revenue. 1 That is, the six districts embraced in the royal domain, each nominally containing 12,500 families. ? The great school of the district. The aged men would be good officers retired from duty, and others of known worth. > Here we have ‘the Grand minister of Instruction;’ and it may be thought we should translate the name in the first paragraph in the plural. No doubt, where there is no specification of ‘the grand,’ it means the board or department of Education. 232 THE Li xi. BK. III. If those (who had been reported to him) did not (now) change, he gave orders that they who were noted as continuing disobedient in the districts on the left should be removed to those on the right, and those noted on the right to the districts on the left. Then another examination was held in the same way, and those who had not changed were removed to the nearest outlying territory. Still continuing unchanged, they were removed, after a similar trial, to the more distant territory. There they were again examined and tried, and if still found defective, they were cast out to a remote region, and for all their lives excluded from distinction. 3. Orders were given that, throughout the districts, the youths whowere decided on as of promising ability should have their names passed up to the minister of Instruction, when they were called ‘select scholars.’ He then decided which of them gave still greater promise, and promoted them to the (great) college’, where they were called ‘eminent scholars? Those who were brought to the notice of the minister were exempted from services in the districts; and those who were promoted to the (great) school, from all services under his own department, and (by and by) were called ‘ complete scholars 2.’ 4. The (board for) the direction of Music gave all honour to its four subjects of instruction®, and ? This would be the college at the capital. * Have we not in these the prototypes of the ‘Flowering Talents’ (Hsid Shai 3% 7°) and ‘Promoted Men’ (Kd Zan Sa. A) of to-day? * In the text these are called ‘the four Arts’ and ‘the four Teachings ;’ but the different phrases seem to have the same meaning.
2* Have we not in these the prototypes of the ‘Flowering Talents’ (Hsid Shai 3% 7°) and ‘Promoted Men’ (Kd Zan Sa. A) of to-day? * In the text these are called ‘the four Arts’ and ‘the four Teachings ;’ but the different phrases seem to have the same meaning. SECT. Iv. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 233 arranged the lessons in them, following closely the poems, histories, ceremonies, and music of the former kings, in order to complete its scholars. The spring and autumn were devoted to teaching the ceremonies and music; the winter and summer to the poems and histories'. The eldest son of the king and his other sons, the eldest sons of all the feudal princes, the sons, by their wives proper, of the high ministers, Great officers, and officers of the highest grade, and the eminent and select scholars from (all) the states, all repaired (to their instruction), entering the schools according to their years. 5. When the time drew near for their quitting the college, the smaller and greater assistants*, and the inferior director of the board, put down those who had not attended to their instructions, and reported them to the Grand director, who in turn reported them to the king. The king ordered the three ducal ministers, his nine (other) ministers, the Great officers, and the (other) officers, all to enter the school (and hold an examination). If this did not produce the necessary change; the king in person inspected the school ; and if this also failed, for three days he took no full meal nor had music, after which the (culprits) were cast out to the remote regions. Sending them to those of the west was called ‘a (temporary) expul- 2 The Khien-lung editors say that ‘in spring and autumn the temperature is equable and the bodily spirits good, well adapted for the practice of ceremonies and moving in time to the music, whereas the long days of summer and long nights of winter are better adapted for the tasks of learning the poems and histories.’ * The smaller assistants of the Grand director of Music were eighteen, and the greater four. See the Kau Lf, XVII, 21. Their functions are described in XXII, 45-53. 234 THE Lf Ki. BK. Ill. sion;’ to the east, ‘a temporary exile.’ But all their lives they were excluded from distinction. 6. The Grand director of Music, having fully considered who were the most promising of the ‘completed scholars,’ reported them to the king, after which they were advanced to be under the minister of War, | and called.‘ scholars ready for employment’. - 7. The minister of War gave discriminating consideration (to the scholars thus submitted to him), with a view to determine the offices for which their abilities fitted them. He then reported his decisions concerning the best and ablest of them to the king, to have that judgment fixed*, When it was, they were put into offices. After they had discharged the duties of these, rank was given them; and, their positions being thus fixed, they received salary.
3He then reported his decisions concerning the best and ablest of them to the king, to have that judgment fixed*, When it was, they were put into offices. After they had discharged the duties of these, rank was given them; and, their positions being thus fixed, they received salary. 8. When a Great officer was dismissed as incompetent from his duties, he was not (again) employed in any office to the end of his life. At his death, he was buried as an (ordinary) officer. 1 Exactly the name to the candidates of to-day who have succeeded at the triennigl examinations at the capital; ‘the Metropolitan Graduates,’ as Mayers (page 72) calls them. * It is strange to find the minister of War performing the services here mentioned, and only these. The X/ien-lung editors say that the compilers of this Book had not seen the X4u Lf nor the Sha. It has been seen in the Introduction, pages 4, 5, how the Kau Li came to light in the reign of W4, perhaps fifty years after this Book was made, and even then did not take its place among the other restored monuments till the time of Lid Hsin. To make the duties here ascribed to the minister of War (literally, ‘Master of Horse,’ B] 5) appear less anomalous, A&ng and other commentators quote from the Shi (V, xx, 14) only a part of the account of his functions. SECT. IV. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 235 9. If any expedition of war were contemplated, orders were given to the Grand minister of Instruction to teach the scholars the management of the chariot and the wearing of the coat of mail. 10. In the case of all who professed any particular art, respect was had to their strength. If they were to go to a distant quarter, they had to display their arms and legs, and their skill in archery and charioteering was tested. All who professed particular arts for the service of their superiors, such as prayermakers, writers, archers, carriage-drivers, doctors, diviners, and artizans,—all who professed particular arts for the service of their superiors, were not allowed to practise any other thing, or to change their offices ; and when they left their districts, they did not take rank with officers. Those who did service in families (also), when they left their districts, did not take rank with officers, 11. The minister of Crime adapted the punishments (to the offences for which they were inflicted), and made the laws clear in order to deal with criminal charges and litigations. He required. the three references as to its justice (before the infliction of a capital punishment)!. Ifa party had the intention, but there were not evidence of the deed, the charge was not listened to. Where a case appeared as doubtful, it was lightly dealt with ; where it might be pardoned, it was (still) gravely considered. 12. In all determining on the application of any of the five punishments?, it was required to decide
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1(At the same time) there was a feast, when places were given according to age. The Grand minister of Instruction® conducted thither the eminent scholars of the state and along with them superintended the business. of Instruction.’ Callery describes him as ‘Le ministre qui a dans ses attributions l’instruction publique et les rites.’ And this is correct according to the account of his functions here, in the Xu Lf, and in the Sh@ (V, xx, 8); but the characters (Hi) #) simply denote ‘superintendent of the multitudes.’ This, then, was the conception anciently of what government had to do for the multitudes,—to teach them all moral and social duties, how to discharge their obligations to men living and dead, and to spiritual beings. The name is now applied to the president and vicepresident of the board of Revenue. 1 That is, the six districts embraced in the royal domain, each nominally containing 12,500 families. ? The great school of the district. The aged men would be good officers retired from duty, and others of known worth. > Here we have ‘the Grand minister of Instruction;’ and it may be thought we should translate the name in the first paragraph in the plural. No doubt, where there is no specification of ‘the grand,’ it means the board or department of Education. 232 THE Li xi. BK. III. If those (who had been reported to him) did not (now) change, he gave orders that they who were noted as continuing disobedient in the districts on the left should be removed to those on the right, and those noted on the right to the districts on the left. Then another examination was held in the same way, and those who had not changed were removed to the nearest outlying territory. Still continuing unchanged, they were removed, after a similar trial, to the more distant territory. There they were again examined and tried, and if still found defective, they were cast out to a remote region, and for all their lives excluded from distinction. 3. Orders were given that, throughout the districts, the youths whowere decided on as of promising ability should have their names passed up to the minister of Instruction, when they were called ‘select scholars.’ He then decided which of them gave still greater promise, and promoted them to the (great) college’, where they were called ‘eminent scholars? Those who were brought to the notice of the minister were exempted from services in the districts; and those who were promoted to the (great) school, from all services under his own department, and (by and by) were called ‘ complete scholars 2.’ 4. The (board for) the direction of Music gave all honour to its four subjects of instruction®, and ? This would be the college at the capital. * Have we not in these the prototypes of the ‘Flowering Talents’ (Hsid Shai 3% 7°) and ‘Promoted Men’ (Kd Zan Sa. A) of to-day? * In the text these are called ‘the four Arts’ and ‘the four Teachings ;’ but the different phrases seem to have the same meaning.
2* Have we not in these the prototypes of the ‘Flowering Talents’ (Hsid Shai 3% 7°) and ‘Promoted Men’ (Kd Zan Sa. A) of to-day? * In the text these are called ‘the four Arts’ and ‘the four Teachings ;’ but the different phrases seem to have the same meaning. SECT. Iv. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 233 arranged the lessons in them, following closely the poems, histories, ceremonies, and music of the former kings, in order to complete its scholars. The spring and autumn were devoted to teaching the ceremonies and music; the winter and summer to the poems and histories'. The eldest son of the king and his other sons, the eldest sons of all the feudal princes, the sons, by their wives proper, of the high ministers, Great officers, and officers of the highest grade, and the eminent and select scholars from (all) the states, all repaired (to their instruction), entering the schools according to their years. 5. When the time drew near for their quitting the college, the smaller and greater assistants*, and the inferior director of the board, put down those who had not attended to their instructions, and reported them to the Grand director, who in turn reported them to the king. The king ordered the three ducal ministers, his nine (other) ministers, the Great officers, and the (other) officers, all to enter the school (and hold an examination). If this did not produce the necessary change; the king in person inspected the school ; and if this also failed, for three days he took no full meal nor had music, after which the (culprits) were cast out to the remote regions. Sending them to those of the west was called ‘a (temporary) expul- 2 The Khien-lung editors say that ‘in spring and autumn the temperature is equable and the bodily spirits good, well adapted for the practice of ceremonies and moving in time to the music, whereas the long days of summer and long nights of winter are better adapted for the tasks of learning the poems and histories.’ * The smaller assistants of the Grand director of Music were eighteen, and the greater four. See the Kau Lf, XVII, 21. Their functions are described in XXII, 45-53. 234 THE Lf Ki. BK. Ill. sion;’ to the east, ‘a temporary exile.’ But all their lives they were excluded from distinction. 6. The Grand director of Music, having fully considered who were the most promising of the ‘completed scholars,’ reported them to the king, after which they were advanced to be under the minister of War, | and called.‘ scholars ready for employment’. - 7. The minister of War gave discriminating consideration (to the scholars thus submitted to him), with a view to determine the offices for which their abilities fitted them. He then reported his decisions concerning the best and ablest of them to the king, to have that judgment fixed*, When it was, they were put into offices. After they had discharged the duties of these, rank was given them; and, their positions being thus fixed, they received salary.
3He then reported his decisions concerning the best and ablest of them to the king, to have that judgment fixed*, When it was, they were put into offices. After they had discharged the duties of these, rank was given them; and, their positions being thus fixed, they received salary. 8. When a Great officer was dismissed as incompetent from his duties, he was not (again) employed in any office to the end of his life. At his death, he was buried as an (ordinary) officer. 1 Exactly the name to the candidates of to-day who have succeeded at the triennigl examinations at the capital; ‘the Metropolitan Graduates,’ as Mayers (page 72) calls them. * It is strange to find the minister of War performing the services here mentioned, and only these. The X/ien-lung editors say that the compilers of this Book had not seen the X4u Lf nor the Sha. It has been seen in the Introduction, pages 4, 5, how the Kau Li came to light in the reign of W4, perhaps fifty years after this Book was made, and even then did not take its place among the other restored monuments till the time of Lid Hsin. To make the duties here ascribed to the minister of War (literally, ‘Master of Horse,’ B] 5) appear less anomalous, A&ng and other commentators quote from the Shi (V, xx, 14) only a part of the account of his functions. SECT. IV. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 235 9. If any expedition of war were contemplated, orders were given to the Grand minister of Instruction to teach the scholars the management of the chariot and the wearing of the coat of mail. 10. In the case of all who professed any particular art, respect was had to their strength. If they were to go to a distant quarter, they had to display their arms and legs, and their skill in archery and charioteering was tested. All who professed particular arts for the service of their superiors, such as prayermakers, writers, archers, carriage-drivers, doctors, diviners, and artizans,—all who professed particular arts for the service of their superiors, were not allowed to practise any other thing, or to change their offices ; and when they left their districts, they did not take rank with officers. Those who did service in families (also), when they left their districts, did not take rank with officers, 11. The minister of Crime adapted the punishments (to the offences for which they were inflicted), and made the laws clear in order to deal with criminal charges and litigations. He required. the three references as to its justice (before the infliction of a capital punishment)!. Ifa party had the intention, but there were not evidence of the deed, the charge was not listened to. Where a case appeared as doubtful, it was lightly dealt with ; where it might be pardoned, it was (still) gravely considered. 12. In all determining on the application of any of the five punishments?, it was required to decide
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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