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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1He visited the northern states Lf, Ai, 3in, and the others, in B.c. 515; and his sayings and doings in them are very famous. He was a good man and able, whom Confucius could appreciate. Ying and Po were two places in KAf. SECT. II. PT. III. THE THAN KUNG. 193 and, moving to the right, he went round it thrice, crying out, “ That the bones and flesh should return again to the earth is what is appointed. But the soul in its energy can go everywhere; it can go everywhere.” And with this he went on his way.’ Confucius (also) said, ‘Was not At-jze of Yen-ling’s observance of the rules of ceremony in accordance with (the idea of them) ?’ 14. At the mourning rites for the duke Kh4o of K0-lii}, the ruler of Hsii sent Yung Ai with a message of condolence, and with the articles to fill the mouth of the deceased. ‘My unworthy ruler,’ said he, ‘hath sent me to kneel and put the jade for a marquis which he has presented into your (deceased) ruler’s mouth. Please allow me to kneel and do so. The officers of Kii replied, ‘When any of the princes has deigned to send or come to our poor city, the observances have been kept according to their nature, whether simple and easy, or troublesome and more difficult; but such a blending of the easy and troublesome as in your case, we have not known.’ Yung ii replied, ‘I have heard that in the service of his ruler one should not forget that ruler, nor be oblivious of his ancestral (rules). Formerly, our ruler, king Ai, in his warlike operations towards the west, in which he crossed the Ho, everywhere used this style of speech. I am a plain, blunt man, and do not presume to forget his example?.’ 1 Khao should probably be Ting. Duke Khao lived after the period of the XAun XAit, during which the power of Hsii had been entirely broken. * Here was Yung Xi, merely a Great officer, wishing to do what only a prince could do, according to the rules of propriety. [27] O 194 THE Li xi. BK. Ile 15. When the mother of 3ze-sze died in Wei, and news of the event was brought to him, he wailed in the ancestral temple. His disciples came to him and said, ‘ Your mother is dead, after marrying into another family’; why do you wail for her in the temple of the Khung family?’ He replied, ‘I am wrong, I am wrong.’ And thereon he wailed in one of the smaller apartments of his house. 16. When the son of Heaven died, three days afterwards, the officers of prayer? were the first to assume mourning. In five days the heads of official departments did so; in seven days both males and females throughout the royal domain; and in three months all in the kingdom. The foresters examined the trees about the various altars, and cut down those which they thought suitable for the coffins and shell. If these did not come up to what was required, the sacrifices were abolished, and the men had their throats cut *.
2The foresters examined the trees about the various altars, and cut down those which they thought suitable for the coffins and shell. If these did not come up to what was required, the sacrifices were abolished, and the men had their throats cut *. 17. During a great dearth in At, Khien Ao had food prepared on the roads, to wait the approach of hungry people and give to them. (One day), there came a famished man, looking as if he could He defends himself on the ground that the lords of Hsii claimed the title of King. The language of the officers of Xfi shows that they were embarrassed by his mission. “1 Literally, ‘The mother of the Sh0 family is dead,’ but the interpretation of the text is disputed. The ‘hien-lung editors and many others question the genuineness of the whole paragraph. ® The officers of prayer were divided into five classes; the first and third of which are intended here. See the Official Book of Kau, ch. 25. * Great efforts are made to explain away this last sentence. SECT. Il. PT. III. THE THAN KUNG. 195 hardly see, his face covered with his sleeve, and dragging his feet together. Ahien Ao, carrying with his left hand some rice, and holding some drink with the other, said to him, ‘ Poor man! come and eat.’ The man, opening his eyes with a stare, and looking at him, said, ‘It was because I would not eat “Poor man come here’s” food, that I am come to this state.’ Asien Ao immediately apologised for his words, but the man after all would not take the food and died. When 3ang-jze heard the circumstances, he said, ‘Was it not a small matter? When the other expressed his pity as he did, the man might have gone away. When he apologised, the man might have taken the food.’ 18, In the time of duke Ting of X‘-lii?, there occurred the case of a man killing his father. The officers reported it; when the duke, with an appearance of dismay, left his mat and said, ‘This is the crime of unworthy me!’ He added, ‘I have learned how to decide on such a charge. When a minister kills his ruler, all who are in office with him should kill him without mercy. When a son kills his father, all who are in the house with him should kill him without mercy. The man should be killed; his house should be destroyed ; the whole place should be laid under water and reduced to a swamp. And his ruler should let a month elapse before he raises a cup to his lips.’ 1 This duke Ting became ruler of XQ in B.c. 613. Some interpret the paragraph as if it said that all the officers, as well as the whole family of a regicide or parricide, should be killed with him. But that cannot be, and need not-be, the meaning. O02 196 THE Li xt. BK. II.
3613. Some interpret the paragraph as if it said that all the officers, as well as the whole family of a regicide or parricide, should be killed with him. But that cannot be, and need not-be, the meaning. O02 196 THE Li xt. BK. II. 19. (The ruler of) Zin having congratulated WAnze on the completion of his residence, the Great ~ officers of the state went to the house-warming'. Kang Lo said, ‘ How elegant it is, and lofty! How elegant and splendid! Here will you have your songs! Here will you have your wailings! Here will you assemble the representatives of the great families of the state!’ Wa&n-jze replied, ‘If I can have my songs here, and my wailings, and assemble here the representatives of the great families of the state, (it will be enough). I will then (only) seek to preserve my waist and neck to follow the former Great officers of my family to the Nine Plains.’ He then bowed twice, laying his head also on the ground. A superior man will say (of the two), that the one was skilful in the expression of his praise and the other in his prayer. 20. The dog kept by AXung-nt having died, he employed 3ze-kung to bury it, saying, ‘I have heard that a worn-out curtain should not be thrown away, but may be used to bury a horse in; and that a worn-out umbrella should not be thrown away, but may be used to bury a dog in. I am poor and have no umbrella. In putting the dog into the grave, you can use my mat; and do not 1 It is doubtful how this first sentence should be translated. Most naturally we should render Hsien-wan-3ze of 3in having completed his house, but binomial honorary titles were not yet known ; and the view seems to be correct that this Wan-3ze was K4o Wf, a well-known minister of 3in. The ‘ Nine Plains’ below must have been the name of a burying-place used by the officers of 3in. There seems to be an error in the name in the text, which is given correctly in paragraph 25. SECT. I. PTI. THE THAN KUNG. 197 let its head get buried in the earth, When one of the horses of the ruler’s carriage dies, it is buried in a curtain (in good condition)?’ . When the mother of At-sun died, duke Ai paid a visit of condolence to him. (Soon after) 3ang-jze and 3ze-kung arrived for the same purpose; but the porter declined to admit them, because the ruler was present. On this they went into the stable, and adjusted their dress more fully. (Shortly) they entered the house, 3ze-kung going first*, The porter said to him, ‘I have already announced your arrival ;’ and when 3ang-yze followed, he moved on one side for him. They passed on to the inner place for the droppings from the roof, the Great officers all moving out of their way, and the duke descending a step and bowing to them. A superior man has said about the case, ‘ So it is when the toilet is complete! Immediately its influence extends far %,’
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1He visited the northern states Lf, Ai, 3in, and the others, in B.c. 515; and his sayings and doings in them are very famous. He was a good man and able, whom Confucius could appreciate. Ying and Po were two places in KAf. SECT. II. PT. III. THE THAN KUNG. 193 and, moving to the right, he went round it thrice, crying out, “ That the bones and flesh should return again to the earth is what is appointed. But the soul in its energy can go everywhere; it can go everywhere.” And with this he went on his way.’ Confucius (also) said, ‘Was not At-jze of Yen-ling’s observance of the rules of ceremony in accordance with (the idea of them) ?’ 14. At the mourning rites for the duke Kh4o of K0-lii}, the ruler of Hsii sent Yung Ai with a message of condolence, and with the articles to fill the mouth of the deceased. ‘My unworthy ruler,’ said he, ‘hath sent me to kneel and put the jade for a marquis which he has presented into your (deceased) ruler’s mouth. Please allow me to kneel and do so. The officers of Kii replied, ‘When any of the princes has deigned to send or come to our poor city, the observances have been kept according to their nature, whether simple and easy, or troublesome and more difficult; but such a blending of the easy and troublesome as in your case, we have not known.’ Yung ii replied, ‘I have heard that in the service of his ruler one should not forget that ruler, nor be oblivious of his ancestral (rules). Formerly, our ruler, king Ai, in his warlike operations towards the west, in which he crossed the Ho, everywhere used this style of speech. I am a plain, blunt man, and do not presume to forget his example?.’ 1 Khao should probably be Ting. Duke Khao lived after the period of the XAun XAit, during which the power of Hsii had been entirely broken. * Here was Yung Xi, merely a Great officer, wishing to do what only a prince could do, according to the rules of propriety. [27] O 194 THE Li xi. BK. Ile 15. When the mother of 3ze-sze died in Wei, and news of the event was brought to him, he wailed in the ancestral temple. His disciples came to him and said, ‘ Your mother is dead, after marrying into another family’; why do you wail for her in the temple of the Khung family?’ He replied, ‘I am wrong, I am wrong.’ And thereon he wailed in one of the smaller apartments of his house. 16. When the son of Heaven died, three days afterwards, the officers of prayer? were the first to assume mourning. In five days the heads of official departments did so; in seven days both males and females throughout the royal domain; and in three months all in the kingdom. The foresters examined the trees about the various altars, and cut down those which they thought suitable for the coffins and shell. If these did not come up to what was required, the sacrifices were abolished, and the men had their throats cut *.
2The foresters examined the trees about the various altars, and cut down those which they thought suitable for the coffins and shell. If these did not come up to what was required, the sacrifices were abolished, and the men had their throats cut *. 17. During a great dearth in At, Khien Ao had food prepared on the roads, to wait the approach of hungry people and give to them. (One day), there came a famished man, looking as if he could He defends himself on the ground that the lords of Hsii claimed the title of King. The language of the officers of Xfi shows that they were embarrassed by his mission. “1 Literally, ‘The mother of the Sh0 family is dead,’ but the interpretation of the text is disputed. The ‘hien-lung editors and many others question the genuineness of the whole paragraph. ® The officers of prayer were divided into five classes; the first and third of which are intended here. See the Official Book of Kau, ch. 25. * Great efforts are made to explain away this last sentence. SECT. Il. PT. III. THE THAN KUNG. 195 hardly see, his face covered with his sleeve, and dragging his feet together. Ahien Ao, carrying with his left hand some rice, and holding some drink with the other, said to him, ‘ Poor man! come and eat.’ The man, opening his eyes with a stare, and looking at him, said, ‘It was because I would not eat “Poor man come here’s” food, that I am come to this state.’ Asien Ao immediately apologised for his words, but the man after all would not take the food and died. When 3ang-jze heard the circumstances, he said, ‘Was it not a small matter? When the other expressed his pity as he did, the man might have gone away. When he apologised, the man might have taken the food.’ 18, In the time of duke Ting of X‘-lii?, there occurred the case of a man killing his father. The officers reported it; when the duke, with an appearance of dismay, left his mat and said, ‘This is the crime of unworthy me!’ He added, ‘I have learned how to decide on such a charge. When a minister kills his ruler, all who are in office with him should kill him without mercy. When a son kills his father, all who are in the house with him should kill him without mercy. The man should be killed; his house should be destroyed ; the whole place should be laid under water and reduced to a swamp. And his ruler should let a month elapse before he raises a cup to his lips.’ 1 This duke Ting became ruler of XQ in B.c. 613. Some interpret the paragraph as if it said that all the officers, as well as the whole family of a regicide or parricide, should be killed with him. But that cannot be, and need not-be, the meaning. O02 196 THE Li xt. BK. II.
3613. Some interpret the paragraph as if it said that all the officers, as well as the whole family of a regicide or parricide, should be killed with him. But that cannot be, and need not-be, the meaning. O02 196 THE Li xt. BK. II. 19. (The ruler of) Zin having congratulated WAnze on the completion of his residence, the Great ~ officers of the state went to the house-warming'. Kang Lo said, ‘ How elegant it is, and lofty! How elegant and splendid! Here will you have your songs! Here will you have your wailings! Here will you assemble the representatives of the great families of the state!’ Wa&n-jze replied, ‘If I can have my songs here, and my wailings, and assemble here the representatives of the great families of the state, (it will be enough). I will then (only) seek to preserve my waist and neck to follow the former Great officers of my family to the Nine Plains.’ He then bowed twice, laying his head also on the ground. A superior man will say (of the two), that the one was skilful in the expression of his praise and the other in his prayer. 20. The dog kept by AXung-nt having died, he employed 3ze-kung to bury it, saying, ‘I have heard that a worn-out curtain should not be thrown away, but may be used to bury a horse in; and that a worn-out umbrella should not be thrown away, but may be used to bury a dog in. I am poor and have no umbrella. In putting the dog into the grave, you can use my mat; and do not 1 It is doubtful how this first sentence should be translated. Most naturally we should render Hsien-wan-3ze of 3in having completed his house, but binomial honorary titles were not yet known ; and the view seems to be correct that this Wan-3ze was K4o Wf, a well-known minister of 3in. The ‘ Nine Plains’ below must have been the name of a burying-place used by the officers of 3in. There seems to be an error in the name in the text, which is given correctly in paragraph 25. SECT. I. PTI. THE THAN KUNG. 197 let its head get buried in the earth, When one of the horses of the ruler’s carriage dies, it is buried in a curtain (in good condition)?’ . When the mother of At-sun died, duke Ai paid a visit of condolence to him. (Soon after) 3ang-jze and 3ze-kung arrived for the same purpose; but the porter declined to admit them, because the ruler was present. On this they went into the stable, and adjusted their dress more fully. (Shortly) they entered the house, 3ze-kung going first*, The porter said to him, ‘I have already announced your arrival ;’ and when 3ang-yze followed, he moved on one side for him. They passed on to the inner place for the droppings from the roof, the Great officers all moving out of their way, and the duke descending a step and bowing to them. A superior man has said about the case, ‘ So it is when the toilet is complete! Immediately its influence extends far %,’
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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