Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1But in general, this constitution of the kingdom is imaginary. * Compare the Sh V, xx. The three dukes (K ung) were the Grand Tutor, Grand Assistant, and Grand Guardian. The nine ministers were the Prime Minister, the Ministers of Instruction, Religion, War, Crime, and Works, with the Junior Tutor, Junior Assistant, and Junior Guardian added. The six ministers exist still, substantially, in the six Boards. The titles of the three Kung and their Juniors also still exist. ® These appear to have been the Ministers of Instruction, War, and Works. The first had also the duties of Premier, the second those of minister of Religion, and the third those of minister of Crime. 214 THE Li xt. BK, If. officers of the lower grade ; and twenty-seven officers of the highest grade. Ina state of the second class there were three high ministers, two appointed by the son of Heaven and one by the ruler; five Great officers of the lower grade; and twenty-seven officers of the highest grade. In a small state there were two high ministers, both appointed by the ruler; five Great officers of the lower grade; and twentyseven Officers of the highest grade. 6. The son of Heaven employed his Great officers as the Three Inspectors,—to inspect the states under the Chiefs of Regions’. For each state there were three Inspectors. 7. Within the domain of the son of Heaven the princes enjoyed their allowances; outside it they had their inheritances *. 8. According to the regulations, any one of the three ducal ministers might wear one additional sym; bol of distinction,—that of the descending dragon®. 1 The Khien-lung editors think that this was a department first appointed by the Han dynasty, and that the compilers of this Book took for it the name of ‘the Three Inspectors,’ from king Wf’s appointment of his three brothers to watch the proceedings of the son of the last sovereign of Yin, in order to give it an air of antiquity. Was it the origin of the existing Censorate? * Outside the royal domain, the feudal states were all hereditary. This is a fact of all early Chinese history. In the domain itself the territories were appanages rather than states. Yet they were in some sense hereditary too. The descendants of all who had served the country well, were not to be left unprovided for. Compare Mencius I, ii, 5, 3. 5 See the Shih, Part I, xv, Ode 6. 1, with the note in my edition of ‘the Chinese Classics.’ The old symbols of distinction gave rise to ‘the Insignia of Civil and Military Officers’ of the present dynasty, called iu phin (Fu pips): See Williams’ Dictionary, p. 698. This paragraph is in the expurgated edition SECT. 11, THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 215 But if such an addition were made (to his eight symbols), it must be by special grant. There were only nine symbols (in all). The ruler of a state of the second class wore only seven of them, and the ruler of a small state only five.
211, THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 215 But if such an addition were made (to his eight symbols), it must be by special grant. There were only nine symbols (in all). The ruler of a state of the second class wore only seven of them, and the ruler of a small state only five. 9. The high minister of a great state could not wear more than three of the symbols, and the ministers below him only two. The high ministers of a small state, and Great officers of the lowest class, wore only one. 10. The rule was that the abilities of all put into offices over the people should first be discussed. After they had been discussed with discrimination, the men were employed. When they had been (proved) in the conduct of affairs, their rank was assigned; and when their position was (thus) fixed, they received salary. 11. It was in the court that rank was conferred, the (already existing) officers being (thus) associated in the act. It was in the market-place that punishment was inflicted; the multitude being (thus) associated in casting the criminals off. Hence, neither the ruler, nor (the head of)a clan, would keep a criminal who had been punished about him; a Great officer would not maintain him ; nor would an officer, meet- of the Li AT, used by Callery, and he gives for it, unfortunately, the following version :—‘ I] est de régle que les trois ministres (qui d’habitude n’appartiennent qu’au 8¢ ordre de dignitaires), en montant un degré portent habit des dragons en broderie. Si, aprés cela, il y a lieu de leur accorder de nouvelles récompenses, on leur donne des objets de valeur, car on ne va pas au dela du 9° ordre.’ 1 The presence of the officers generally would be a safeguard against error in the appointments, as they would know the individuals. 216 THE Li xt. BK, III. ing him on the road, speak to him. Such men were sent away to one of the four quarters, according to the sentence on each. They were not allowed to have anything to do with affairs of government, to show that there was no object in allowing them to live’. 12. In their relation to the son of Heaven, the feudal princes were required to send every year a minor mission to the court, and every three years a greater mission; once in five years they had to appear there in person. 13. The son of Heaven, every five years, made a tour of Inspection through the fiefs’.
313. The son of Heaven, every five years, made a tour of Inspection through the fiefs’. 14. In the second month of the year, he visited those on the East, going to the honoured mountain of Tai. There he burnt a (great) pile of wood, and announced his arrival to Heaven; and with looks directed to them, sacrificed to the hills and rivers. He gave audience to the princes ; inquired out those who were 100 years old, and went to see them: ordered the Grand music-master to bring him the poems (current in the different states)’, that he might see the manners of the people; ordered the superintendents of markets to present (lists of prices), that he might see what the people liked and disliked, and whether they were set on extravagance and loved 1 It has been said that these were rules of the Yin or Shang dynasty. The X4ien-lung editors maintain that they were followed by all the three feudal dynasties. * Compare vol. iii, pp. 39, 40. 8 These would include ballads and songs. Perhaps ‘Grand music-master’ should be in the plural, meaning those officers of each state. Probably these would have given them to the king’s Grand music-master. SECT. II. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. , 217 what was bad; he ordered the superintendent of rites to examine the seasons and months, and fix the days, and to make uniform the standard tubes, the various ceremonies, the (instruments of) music, all measures, and (the fashions of) clothes. (Whatever was wrong in these) was rectified. 15. Where any of the spirits of the hills and rivers had been unattended to, it was held to be an act of irreverence, and the irreverent ruler was deprived of a part of his territory. Where there had been neglect of the proper order in the observances of the ancestral temple, it was held to show a want of filial piety, and the rank of the unfilial ruler was reduced. Where any ceremony had been altered, or any instrument of music changed, it was held to be an instance of disobedience, and the disobedient ruler was banished. Where the statutory measures and the (fashion of) clothes had been changed, it was held to be rebellion, and the rebellious ruler was taken off. The ruler who had done good service for the people, and shown them an example of virtue, received an addition to his territory and rank. 16. In the seventh month, (the son of Heaven) continued his tour, going to the south, to the mountain of that quarter}, observing the same ceremonies as in the east. In the eighth month, he went on to the west, to the mountain of that quarter’, observing the 1 Mount Hang; in the present district of H&ng-shan, dept. Hang-A4u, Hu-nan. 2 Mount Hwa; in the present district of Hwa-yin, dept. Thung- Aau, Shen-hsi. 218 THE Lf xf. BE. Ill.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1But in general, this constitution of the kingdom is imaginary. * Compare the Sh V, xx. The three dukes (K ung) were the Grand Tutor, Grand Assistant, and Grand Guardian. The nine ministers were the Prime Minister, the Ministers of Instruction, Religion, War, Crime, and Works, with the Junior Tutor, Junior Assistant, and Junior Guardian added. The six ministers exist still, substantially, in the six Boards. The titles of the three Kung and their Juniors also still exist. ® These appear to have been the Ministers of Instruction, War, and Works. The first had also the duties of Premier, the second those of minister of Religion, and the third those of minister of Crime. 214 THE Li xt. BK, If. officers of the lower grade ; and twenty-seven officers of the highest grade. Ina state of the second class there were three high ministers, two appointed by the son of Heaven and one by the ruler; five Great officers of the lower grade; and twenty-seven officers of the highest grade. In a small state there were two high ministers, both appointed by the ruler; five Great officers of the lower grade; and twentyseven Officers of the highest grade. 6. The son of Heaven employed his Great officers as the Three Inspectors,—to inspect the states under the Chiefs of Regions’. For each state there were three Inspectors. 7. Within the domain of the son of Heaven the princes enjoyed their allowances; outside it they had their inheritances *. 8. According to the regulations, any one of the three ducal ministers might wear one additional sym; bol of distinction,—that of the descending dragon®. 1 The Khien-lung editors think that this was a department first appointed by the Han dynasty, and that the compilers of this Book took for it the name of ‘the Three Inspectors,’ from king Wf’s appointment of his three brothers to watch the proceedings of the son of the last sovereign of Yin, in order to give it an air of antiquity. Was it the origin of the existing Censorate? * Outside the royal domain, the feudal states were all hereditary. This is a fact of all early Chinese history. In the domain itself the territories were appanages rather than states. Yet they were in some sense hereditary too. The descendants of all who had served the country well, were not to be left unprovided for. Compare Mencius I, ii, 5, 3. 5 See the Shih, Part I, xv, Ode 6. 1, with the note in my edition of ‘the Chinese Classics.’ The old symbols of distinction gave rise to ‘the Insignia of Civil and Military Officers’ of the present dynasty, called iu phin (Fu pips): See Williams’ Dictionary, p. 698. This paragraph is in the expurgated edition SECT. 11, THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 215 But if such an addition were made (to his eight symbols), it must be by special grant. There were only nine symbols (in all). The ruler of a state of the second class wore only seven of them, and the ruler of a small state only five.
211, THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. 215 But if such an addition were made (to his eight symbols), it must be by special grant. There were only nine symbols (in all). The ruler of a state of the second class wore only seven of them, and the ruler of a small state only five. 9. The high minister of a great state could not wear more than three of the symbols, and the ministers below him only two. The high ministers of a small state, and Great officers of the lowest class, wore only one. 10. The rule was that the abilities of all put into offices over the people should first be discussed. After they had been discussed with discrimination, the men were employed. When they had been (proved) in the conduct of affairs, their rank was assigned; and when their position was (thus) fixed, they received salary. 11. It was in the court that rank was conferred, the (already existing) officers being (thus) associated in the act. It was in the market-place that punishment was inflicted; the multitude being (thus) associated in casting the criminals off. Hence, neither the ruler, nor (the head of)a clan, would keep a criminal who had been punished about him; a Great officer would not maintain him ; nor would an officer, meet- of the Li AT, used by Callery, and he gives for it, unfortunately, the following version :—‘ I] est de régle que les trois ministres (qui d’habitude n’appartiennent qu’au 8¢ ordre de dignitaires), en montant un degré portent habit des dragons en broderie. Si, aprés cela, il y a lieu de leur accorder de nouvelles récompenses, on leur donne des objets de valeur, car on ne va pas au dela du 9° ordre.’ 1 The presence of the officers generally would be a safeguard against error in the appointments, as they would know the individuals. 216 THE Li xt. BK, III. ing him on the road, speak to him. Such men were sent away to one of the four quarters, according to the sentence on each. They were not allowed to have anything to do with affairs of government, to show that there was no object in allowing them to live’. 12. In their relation to the son of Heaven, the feudal princes were required to send every year a minor mission to the court, and every three years a greater mission; once in five years they had to appear there in person. 13. The son of Heaven, every five years, made a tour of Inspection through the fiefs’.
313. The son of Heaven, every five years, made a tour of Inspection through the fiefs’. 14. In the second month of the year, he visited those on the East, going to the honoured mountain of Tai. There he burnt a (great) pile of wood, and announced his arrival to Heaven; and with looks directed to them, sacrificed to the hills and rivers. He gave audience to the princes ; inquired out those who were 100 years old, and went to see them: ordered the Grand music-master to bring him the poems (current in the different states)’, that he might see the manners of the people; ordered the superintendents of markets to present (lists of prices), that he might see what the people liked and disliked, and whether they were set on extravagance and loved 1 It has been said that these were rules of the Yin or Shang dynasty. The X4ien-lung editors maintain that they were followed by all the three feudal dynasties. * Compare vol. iii, pp. 39, 40. 8 These would include ballads and songs. Perhaps ‘Grand music-master’ should be in the plural, meaning those officers of each state. Probably these would have given them to the king’s Grand music-master. SECT. II. THE ROYAL REGULATIONS. , 217 what was bad; he ordered the superintendent of rites to examine the seasons and months, and fix the days, and to make uniform the standard tubes, the various ceremonies, the (instruments of) music, all measures, and (the fashions of) clothes. (Whatever was wrong in these) was rectified. 15. Where any of the spirits of the hills and rivers had been unattended to, it was held to be an act of irreverence, and the irreverent ruler was deprived of a part of his territory. Where there had been neglect of the proper order in the observances of the ancestral temple, it was held to show a want of filial piety, and the rank of the unfilial ruler was reduced. Where any ceremony had been altered, or any instrument of music changed, it was held to be an instance of disobedience, and the disobedient ruler was banished. Where the statutory measures and the (fashion of) clothes had been changed, it was held to be rebellion, and the rebellious ruler was taken off. The ruler who had done good service for the people, and shown them an example of virtue, received an addition to his territory and rank. 16. In the seventh month, (the son of Heaven) continued his tour, going to the south, to the mountain of that quarter}, observing the same ceremonies as in the east. In the eighth month, he went on to the west, to the mountain of that quarter’, observing the 1 Mount Hang; in the present district of H&ng-shan, dept. Hang-A4u, Hu-nan. 2 Mount Hwa; in the present district of Hwa-yin, dept. Thung- Aau, Shen-hsi. 218 THE Lf xf. BE. Ill.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
No commentary for this page.