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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ The Sacred Books of the East: The institutes of Vishnu The New York Public Library Astor, Lenox & Tilden Foundations * * * The R. Heber Newton Collection Presented by His Children + I93I » Digitized by Google THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST — Bup. to 832 Be Kept London HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 7 PATERNOSTER ROW THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. VII @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS ' 1880 (All rights reserved] y THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 537790 ASTOR, LENCY AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS R 1034 L THE INSTITUTES OF VISHNU TRANSLATED BY JULIUS JOLLY @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1880 [All rights reserved } Digitized by Google CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION Vishnu and the Goddess of the Earth . The Four Castes . Duties of a King . Weights and Measures . Criminal and Civil Law Law of Debt Writings Witnesses Ordeals Inheritance Funeral Ceremonies Funeral Oblations Impurity Women Sacraments Studentship . . Crimes Hells Transmigration Penances . . Duties of a Householder Rules for a Snataka Self-restraint Sraddhas Pious Gifts . The Hermit . The Ascetic . TAGE 12 13 23 24 42 46 48 61 75 83 87 106 112 116 131 140 144 149 189 224 231 232 263 276 279 Vill CONTENTS. PAGE Meditation on Vishvzu_ . . : . . . . 287 Conclusion. . . : : . . . . 291 General Index . . : . . . . . 303 Sanskrit Index . . . . . . . - 307 Additions and Corrections. . . . . . 312 Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East. 313 List OF THE MORE IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS. Apast. — Apastamba’s Dharma-sitra, ed. Buhler. Asv. — Asvalayana’s Grthya-sfttra, ed. Stenzler. Gaut. — Gautama’s Dharmasdstra, ed. Stenzler. Gobh. — Gobhila’s Grzhya-sfitra, in the Bibl. Ind. M.— Manava Dharmasd4stra, Calcutta edition, with the Commentary of Kulldka. Nand. — Nandapamdita, the commentator of the Vishzu-sftra. Par. — Paraskara’s Grzhya-sftra, ed. Stenzler. Sankh. — Sankhayana’s Grzhya-stra, ed. Oldenberg, in the fifteenth volume of the Indische Studien. Y.— YAgtiavalkya’s DharmasAstra, ed. Stenzler. Apast. and Gaut. refer also to Dr. Biiler’s translation of these two works in the second volume of the Sacred Books of the East. INTRODUCTION.
3Sankh. — Sankhayana’s Grzhya-stra, ed. Oldenberg, in the fifteenth volume of the Indische Studien. Y.— YAgtiavalkya’s DharmasAstra, ed. Stenzler. Apast. and Gaut. refer also to Dr. Biiler’s translation of these two works in the second volume of the Sacred Books of the East. INTRODUCTION. THE Vishzu-smriti or Vaishvava Dharmasastra or Vishzusitra is in the main a collection of ancient aphorisms on the sacred laws of India, and as such it ranks with the other ancient works of this class which have come down to our time’. It may be styled a Dharma-sitra, though this ancient title of the Satra works on law has been preserved in the MSS. of those Smritis only, which have been handed down, like the Dharma-sdtras of Apastamba, Baudh4yana, and Hirazyakesin, as parts of the respective Kalpasitras, to which they belong. The size of the Vishzusitra, and the great variety of the subjects treated in it, would suffice to entitle it to a conspicuous place among the five or six existing Dharma-sitras; but it possesses a peculiar claim to interest, which is founded on its close connection with one of the oldest Vedic schools, the Kazfas, on the one hand, and with the famous code of Manu and some other ancient law-codes, on the other hand. To discuss these two principal points, and some minor points connected with them, as fully as the limits of an introduction admit of, will be the more necessary, because such a discussion can afford the only safe basis for a conjecture not altogether unsupported regarding the time and place of the original composition of this work, and may even tend to throw some new light on the vexed question as to the origin of the code of Manu. Further on I shall have to speak of the numerous interpolations traceable in the Vishzu-sitra, and a few remarks regarding. the materials 1 This was first pointed out by Professor Max Miiller, History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, p.134. His results were confirmed and expanded by the subsequent researches of Dr. Biihler, Introduction to Bombay Digest, I, p. xxii; Indian Antiquary, V, p. 30; Kasmir Report, p. 36. x VISHNU. used for this translation, and the principles of interpretation that have been followed in it, may be fitly reserved for the last.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ The Sacred Books of the East: The institutes of Vishnu The New York Public Library Astor, Lenox & Tilden Foundations * * * The R. Heber Newton Collection Presented by His Children + I93I » Digitized by Google THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST — Bup. to 832 Be Kept London HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 7 PATERNOSTER ROW THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER VOL. VII @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS ' 1880 (All rights reserved] y THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 537790 ASTOR, LENCY AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS R 1034 L THE INSTITUTES OF VISHNU TRANSLATED BY JULIUS JOLLY @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1880 [All rights reserved } Digitized by Google CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION Vishnu and the Goddess of the Earth . The Four Castes . Duties of a King . Weights and Measures . Criminal and Civil Law Law of Debt Writings Witnesses Ordeals Inheritance Funeral Ceremonies Funeral Oblations Impurity Women Sacraments Studentship . . Crimes Hells Transmigration Penances . . Duties of a Householder Rules for a Snataka Self-restraint Sraddhas Pious Gifts . The Hermit . The Ascetic . TAGE 12 13 23 24 42 46 48 61 75 83 87 106 112 116 131 140 144 149 189 224 231 232 263 276 279 Vill CONTENTS. PAGE Meditation on Vishvzu_ . . : . . . . 287 Conclusion. . . : : . . . . 291 General Index . . : . . . . . 303 Sanskrit Index . . . . . . . - 307 Additions and Corrections. . . . . . 312 Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East. 313 List OF THE MORE IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS. Apast. — Apastamba’s Dharma-sitra, ed. Buhler. Asv. — Asvalayana’s Grthya-sfttra, ed. Stenzler. Gaut. — Gautama’s Dharmasdstra, ed. Stenzler. Gobh. — Gobhila’s Grzhya-sfitra, in the Bibl. Ind. M.— Manava Dharmasd4stra, Calcutta edition, with the Commentary of Kulldka. Nand. — Nandapamdita, the commentator of the Vishzu-sftra. Par. — Paraskara’s Grzhya-sftra, ed. Stenzler. Sankh. — Sankhayana’s Grzhya-stra, ed. Oldenberg, in the fifteenth volume of the Indische Studien. Y.— YAgtiavalkya’s DharmasAstra, ed. Stenzler. Apast. and Gaut. refer also to Dr. Biiler’s translation of these two works in the second volume of the Sacred Books of the East. INTRODUCTION.
3Sankh. — Sankhayana’s Grzhya-stra, ed. Oldenberg, in the fifteenth volume of the Indische Studien. Y.— YAgtiavalkya’s DharmasAstra, ed. Stenzler. Apast. and Gaut. refer also to Dr. Biiler’s translation of these two works in the second volume of the Sacred Books of the East. INTRODUCTION. THE Vishzu-smriti or Vaishvava Dharmasastra or Vishzusitra is in the main a collection of ancient aphorisms on the sacred laws of India, and as such it ranks with the other ancient works of this class which have come down to our time’. It may be styled a Dharma-sitra, though this ancient title of the Satra works on law has been preserved in the MSS. of those Smritis only, which have been handed down, like the Dharma-sdtras of Apastamba, Baudh4yana, and Hirazyakesin, as parts of the respective Kalpasitras, to which they belong. The size of the Vishzusitra, and the great variety of the subjects treated in it, would suffice to entitle it to a conspicuous place among the five or six existing Dharma-sitras; but it possesses a peculiar claim to interest, which is founded on its close connection with one of the oldest Vedic schools, the Kazfas, on the one hand, and with the famous code of Manu and some other ancient law-codes, on the other hand. To discuss these two principal points, and some minor points connected with them, as fully as the limits of an introduction admit of, will be the more necessary, because such a discussion can afford the only safe basis for a conjecture not altogether unsupported regarding the time and place of the original composition of this work, and may even tend to throw some new light on the vexed question as to the origin of the code of Manu. Further on I shall have to speak of the numerous interpolations traceable in the Vishzu-sitra, and a few remarks regarding. the materials 1 This was first pointed out by Professor Max Miiller, History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, p.134. His results were confirmed and expanded by the subsequent researches of Dr. Biihler, Introduction to Bombay Digest, I, p. xxii; Indian Antiquary, V, p. 30; Kasmir Report, p. 36. x VISHNU. used for this translation, and the principles of interpretation that have been followed in it, may be fitly reserved for the last.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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