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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Nand. proposes a different interpretation, on which rests Dr. Biihler’s rendering, ‘Those ornaments, which the wives usually wear, should not be divided by the heirs whilst the husbands are alive,’ XVIII. 1-5. M. IX, 149, 151-153; Y. II, 125. — 11, 25-27. Y. II, 125. — 1-31, 38-40. Colebrooke, Dig. V, 3, CLIII. — 32- 37. Colebrooke, Dig. V, 3, CLXXII; V, 2, LXXXVI; V, 1, LIV. — 36. Y. II, 114; Apast. IT, 6,14, 1. — 41. M.IX, 210, — 42, 43. M. IX, 208, 209; Y. II, 118, 119. — 44. M. IX, 219; Gaut. XXVIII, 46, 47. — 43, 44. Colebrooke, Dig. V, 2, XCI; V, 5, CCCLXIII. XVIII, rs. INHERITANCE. 71 6. Again, if there are three sons of a Brahmaza (by wives of different castes), but no son bya Sidra (wife) among them, they shall divide the estate into nine parts. 7. (Of these) let them take, each in the order of his caste, shares amounting to four, three, and two parts of the whole respectively. 8. (If there are three sons by wives of different castes, but) no Vaisya among them, they shall divide the estate into eight parts, and take four parts, three parts, and one part respectively. g. (If there are three sons, but) no Kshatriya among them, they shall divide it into seven parts, and take four parts, two parts, and a single part respectively. 10. If there is no Brahmaza among them, they shall divide it into six parts, and take three parts, two parts, and a single part respectively. 11. If there are sons of a Kshatriya by a Kshatriya, a Vaisya, and a Sfdra wife, the mode of division shall be the same (i.e. the estate shall be divided into six parts, &c.) 12. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza, the one belonging to the Brahmaza and the other to the Kshatriya caste, they shall divide the estate into seven parts; and of these the Brahmaza son shall take four parts ; 13. The Kshatriya son, three parts. 14. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza, and the one belongs to the Brahmaza and the other to the Vaisya caste, the estate shall be divided into six parts; and of these, the Brdhmaza shall take four parts ; 15. The Vaisya, two parts. 72 VISHNU. XVIII, 16. 16. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza, and the one belongs to the Brahmaza and the other to the Sfidra caste, they shall divide the estate into five parts ; 17. And of these, the Brahmavza shall take four parts ; 18. The Sidra, a single part. 19. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmama or a Kshatriya, and the one belongs to the Kshatriya and the other to the Sidra caste, they shall divide the estate into five parts; 20. And of these, the Kshatriya shall take three parts ; 21. The Sfdra, one part. 22. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza or a Kshatrlya, and the one belongs to the Kshatriya, the other to the Sidra caste, they shall divide the estate into four parts; 23. And of these, the Kshatriya shall take three parts ; 24. The Sfdra, a single part.
2The Sfdra, one part. 22. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza or a Kshatrlya, and the one belongs to the Kshatriya, the other to the Sidra caste, they shall divide the estate into four parts; 23. And of these, the Kshatriya shall take three parts ; 24. The Sfdra, a single part. 25. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza or a Vaisya or a Sidra, and the one belongs to the Vaisya, the other to the Stdra caste, they shall divide the estate into three parts; 26. And of these, the Vaisya shall take two parts ; 27. The Sfdra, a single part. 28. If a Brahmaza has an only son, he shall take the whole estate, provided he be a Brahmama, Kshatriya, or Vaisya. 29. If a Kshatriya has (an only son who is) either a Kshatriya or a Vaisya, (the rule shall be the same.) XVIII, 40. INHERITANCE, 73 30. If a Vaisya has (an only son who is) a Vaisya, (the rule shall also be the same) ; 31. (And so shall the only) son of a Sadra (be sole heir) to his SQdra (father). 32. A Stdra, who is the only son of a father belonging to a twice-born caste, shall inherit one half of his property ; 33. The other half shall devolve in the same way as the property of one who died without leaving issue. 34. Mothers shall receive shares proportionate to their sons’ shares; 35. And so shall unmarried daughters. 36. Sons, who are equal in caste (to their father), shall receive equal shares. 37. A best part (the twentieth part of the inheritance, &c.) shall be given to the eldest, as his additional share. 38. If there are two sons by a Brahmaza wife, and one son by a Stidra wife, the estate shall be divided into nine parts; and of these, the two sons .of the Brahmamwa wife shall take two parts, the one son of the Sadra wife, a single part. 39. If there are two sons by a Sddra, and one son by a Brahmaza wife, the estate shall be divided into six parts; and of these, the son of the Brahmaza wife shall take four parts, and the two sons of the Sddra wife together shall take two parts. 40. Upon the same principles the shares have to be adjusted in other cases also. 33. See XVII, 4 seq. 34. ‘That is to say, a Brahmasa wife shall take four parts, a Kshatriya wife, three parts,’ &c. (Nand.) 37. See Gaut. XXVIII, 5. 74 VISHNU. XVII, 41. 41. If (brothers), who after a previous division of the estate live again together as parceners, should make a second partition, the shares must be equal in that case, and the eldest has no right to an additional share. 42. What a brother has acquired by his own efforts, without using the patrimony, he must not give up (to his brothers or other co-heirs), unless by his own free will; for it was gained by his own exertion. 43. And if a man recovers (a debt or other property), which could not before be recovered by his father, he shall not, unless by his own free will, divide it with his sons; for it is an acquisition made by himself.
343. And if a man recovers (a debt or other property), which could not before be recovered by his father, he shall not, unless by his own free will, divide it with his sons; for it is an acquisition made by himself. 44. Apparel, vehicles! (carriages or riding-horses), and ornaments (such as are usually worn according to the custom of the caste), prepared food, water (in a well or pool), females (slaves or mistresses of the deceased), property destined for pious uses or sacrifices, a common pasture-ground?, and a book, are indivisible. 42. The term svayamfhitalabdham has been translated according to Kullaka (on M. IX, 208). Nand. interprets this Sloka thus, ‘What a brother has acquired by- his own efforts, and what has been given to him, at his desire (by friends or others), he must not give up,’ &c. 43. Here again I have followed Kullfika (on M. IX, 209), and deviated from Nand.’s interpretation, who renders this Sloka as follows, ‘If a man recovers property, &c., or if he gains property by himself (by his learning or valour, &c.) ...’ 44. 1 The term pattra has been rendered above in accordance with the first interpretation proposed by Nand., and with Kullfika’s interpretation (on M. IX, 219). Vigfidnesvara (in his comment upon the same passage of Manu) refers it to written documents, such especially as relate to a debt to be paid to the deceased ; and XIX, 8. FUNERAL CEREMONIES. 75 XIX. 1. He must not cause a member of a twice-born caste to be carried out by a Sfdra (even though he be a kinsman of the deceased) ; 2. Nor a Stidra by a member of a twice-born caste. 3. A father and a mother shall be carried out by their sons (who are equal in caste to their parents). 4. But SQdras must never carry out a member of a twice-born caste, even though he be their father. 5. Those Brahmazas who carry out (or follow the corpse of) a (deceased) Brahmaza who has no relatives shall attain a mansion in heaven. 6. Those who have carried out a dead relative and burnt his corpse, shall walk round the pile from left to right, and then plunge into water, dressed in their clothes. 7. After having offered a libation of water to the deceased, they must place one ball of rice on blades of Kusa grass, (and this ceremony has to be repeated on each subsequent day, while the period of impurity lasts.) 8. Then, having changed their dress, they must this interpretation is mentioned by Nand. also. But there is no reason why an unliquidated demand should not be divided ; and written documents are only twice referred to in the code of Manu (VIII, 168, and IX, 232).—®* In translating the term praéara I have again followed Kullftka loc. cit. ; see also Petersburg Dictionary s.v. Nand. interprets this term as denoting ‘a path leading to or fromthe house.’ XIX. 1. M.V, 104. — 2. Y. III, 26. — 6. M.V, 103; Y. III, 26.— 7, 8. Y. Ill, 7, 12, 13. — 14-17. M.V, 73; Y. III, 16. ‘Chapters XIX-XXXII contain the section on Alara, “Holy Usage.”’ (Nand.) 76 VISHNU. XIX, 9.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Nand. proposes a different interpretation, on which rests Dr. Biihler’s rendering, ‘Those ornaments, which the wives usually wear, should not be divided by the heirs whilst the husbands are alive,’ XVIII. 1-5. M. IX, 149, 151-153; Y. II, 125. — 11, 25-27. Y. II, 125. — 1-31, 38-40. Colebrooke, Dig. V, 3, CLIII. — 32- 37. Colebrooke, Dig. V, 3, CLXXII; V, 2, LXXXVI; V, 1, LIV. — 36. Y. II, 114; Apast. IT, 6,14, 1. — 41. M.IX, 210, — 42, 43. M. IX, 208, 209; Y. II, 118, 119. — 44. M. IX, 219; Gaut. XXVIII, 46, 47. — 43, 44. Colebrooke, Dig. V, 2, XCI; V, 5, CCCLXIII. XVIII, rs. INHERITANCE. 71 6. Again, if there are three sons of a Brahmaza (by wives of different castes), but no son bya Sidra (wife) among them, they shall divide the estate into nine parts. 7. (Of these) let them take, each in the order of his caste, shares amounting to four, three, and two parts of the whole respectively. 8. (If there are three sons by wives of different castes, but) no Vaisya among them, they shall divide the estate into eight parts, and take four parts, three parts, and one part respectively. g. (If there are three sons, but) no Kshatriya among them, they shall divide it into seven parts, and take four parts, two parts, and a single part respectively. 10. If there is no Brahmaza among them, they shall divide it into six parts, and take three parts, two parts, and a single part respectively. 11. If there are sons of a Kshatriya by a Kshatriya, a Vaisya, and a Sfdra wife, the mode of division shall be the same (i.e. the estate shall be divided into six parts, &c.) 12. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza, the one belonging to the Brahmaza and the other to the Kshatriya caste, they shall divide the estate into seven parts; and of these the Brahmaza son shall take four parts ; 13. The Kshatriya son, three parts. 14. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza, and the one belongs to the Brahmaza and the other to the Vaisya caste, the estate shall be divided into six parts; and of these, the Brdhmaza shall take four parts ; 15. The Vaisya, two parts. 72 VISHNU. XVIII, 16. 16. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza, and the one belongs to the Brahmaza and the other to the Sfidra caste, they shall divide the estate into five parts ; 17. And of these, the Brahmavza shall take four parts ; 18. The Sidra, a single part. 19. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmama or a Kshatriya, and the one belongs to the Kshatriya and the other to the Sidra caste, they shall divide the estate into five parts; 20. And of these, the Kshatriya shall take three parts ; 21. The Sfdra, one part. 22. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza or a Kshatrlya, and the one belongs to the Kshatriya, the other to the Sidra caste, they shall divide the estate into four parts; 23. And of these, the Kshatriya shall take three parts ; 24. The Sfdra, a single part.
2The Sfdra, one part. 22. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza or a Kshatrlya, and the one belongs to the Kshatriya, the other to the Sidra caste, they shall divide the estate into four parts; 23. And of these, the Kshatriya shall take three parts ; 24. The Sfdra, a single part. 25. Again, if there are two sons of a Brahmaza or a Vaisya or a Sidra, and the one belongs to the Vaisya, the other to the Stdra caste, they shall divide the estate into three parts; 26. And of these, the Vaisya shall take two parts ; 27. The Sfdra, a single part. 28. If a Brahmaza has an only son, he shall take the whole estate, provided he be a Brahmama, Kshatriya, or Vaisya. 29. If a Kshatriya has (an only son who is) either a Kshatriya or a Vaisya, (the rule shall be the same.) XVIII, 40. INHERITANCE, 73 30. If a Vaisya has (an only son who is) a Vaisya, (the rule shall also be the same) ; 31. (And so shall the only) son of a Sadra (be sole heir) to his SQdra (father). 32. A Stdra, who is the only son of a father belonging to a twice-born caste, shall inherit one half of his property ; 33. The other half shall devolve in the same way as the property of one who died without leaving issue. 34. Mothers shall receive shares proportionate to their sons’ shares; 35. And so shall unmarried daughters. 36. Sons, who are equal in caste (to their father), shall receive equal shares. 37. A best part (the twentieth part of the inheritance, &c.) shall be given to the eldest, as his additional share. 38. If there are two sons by a Brahmaza wife, and one son by a Stidra wife, the estate shall be divided into nine parts; and of these, the two sons .of the Brahmamwa wife shall take two parts, the one son of the Sadra wife, a single part. 39. If there are two sons by a Sddra, and one son by a Brahmaza wife, the estate shall be divided into six parts; and of these, the son of the Brahmaza wife shall take four parts, and the two sons of the Sddra wife together shall take two parts. 40. Upon the same principles the shares have to be adjusted in other cases also. 33. See XVII, 4 seq. 34. ‘That is to say, a Brahmasa wife shall take four parts, a Kshatriya wife, three parts,’ &c. (Nand.) 37. See Gaut. XXVIII, 5. 74 VISHNU. XVII, 41. 41. If (brothers), who after a previous division of the estate live again together as parceners, should make a second partition, the shares must be equal in that case, and the eldest has no right to an additional share. 42. What a brother has acquired by his own efforts, without using the patrimony, he must not give up (to his brothers or other co-heirs), unless by his own free will; for it was gained by his own exertion. 43. And if a man recovers (a debt or other property), which could not before be recovered by his father, he shall not, unless by his own free will, divide it with his sons; for it is an acquisition made by himself.
343. And if a man recovers (a debt or other property), which could not before be recovered by his father, he shall not, unless by his own free will, divide it with his sons; for it is an acquisition made by himself. 44. Apparel, vehicles! (carriages or riding-horses), and ornaments (such as are usually worn according to the custom of the caste), prepared food, water (in a well or pool), females (slaves or mistresses of the deceased), property destined for pious uses or sacrifices, a common pasture-ground?, and a book, are indivisible. 42. The term svayamfhitalabdham has been translated according to Kullaka (on M. IX, 208). Nand. interprets this Sloka thus, ‘What a brother has acquired by- his own efforts, and what has been given to him, at his desire (by friends or others), he must not give up,’ &c. 43. Here again I have followed Kullfika (on M. IX, 209), and deviated from Nand.’s interpretation, who renders this Sloka as follows, ‘If a man recovers property, &c., or if he gains property by himself (by his learning or valour, &c.) ...’ 44. 1 The term pattra has been rendered above in accordance with the first interpretation proposed by Nand., and with Kullfika’s interpretation (on M. IX, 219). Vigfidnesvara (in his comment upon the same passage of Manu) refers it to written documents, such especially as relate to a debt to be paid to the deceased ; and XIX, 8. FUNERAL CEREMONIES. 75 XIX. 1. He must not cause a member of a twice-born caste to be carried out by a Sfdra (even though he be a kinsman of the deceased) ; 2. Nor a Stidra by a member of a twice-born caste. 3. A father and a mother shall be carried out by their sons (who are equal in caste to their parents). 4. But SQdras must never carry out a member of a twice-born caste, even though he be their father. 5. Those Brahmazas who carry out (or follow the corpse of) a (deceased) Brahmaza who has no relatives shall attain a mansion in heaven. 6. Those who have carried out a dead relative and burnt his corpse, shall walk round the pile from left to right, and then plunge into water, dressed in their clothes. 7. After having offered a libation of water to the deceased, they must place one ball of rice on blades of Kusa grass, (and this ceremony has to be repeated on each subsequent day, while the period of impurity lasts.) 8. Then, having changed their dress, they must this interpretation is mentioned by Nand. also. But there is no reason why an unliquidated demand should not be divided ; and written documents are only twice referred to in the code of Manu (VIII, 168, and IX, 232).—®* In translating the term praéara I have again followed Kullftka loc. cit. ; see also Petersburg Dictionary s.v. Nand. interprets this term as denoting ‘a path leading to or fromthe house.’ XIX. 1. M.V, 104. — 2. Y. III, 26. — 6. M.V, 103; Y. III, 26.— 7, 8. Y. Ill, 7, 12, 13. — 14-17. M.V, 73; Y. III, 16. ‘Chapters XIX-XXXII contain the section on Alara, “Holy Usage.”’ (Nand.) 76 VISHNU. XIX, 9.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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