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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1122. (The same punishment is ordained) for forging a balance, or a measure; 123. Also, for pronouncing them incorrect, although they are correct. 124. (The same punishment is) also (ordained) for selling adulterated commodities ; 125. And for a company of merchants who prevent the sale of a commodity (which happens to be abroad) by selling it under its price. 126. (The same punishment is ordained) for those (members of such a company) who sell (an article belonging to the whole company for more than it is worth) on their own account. 127. He who does not deliver to the purchaser a commodity (sold), after its price has been paid to him, shall be compelled to deliver it to him with interest ; 117. Nand. considers the particle 4a to imply that the exchange of sealed goods for others shall be punished in the same way. But this assertion rests upon a false reading (samudraparivarta for samudgaparivarta) of Y. II, 247, which passage Nand. quotes in support of his view, D2 36 VISHNU. V, 128. 128. And he shall be fined a hundred Pawas by the king. 129. If there should be a loss upon a commodity purchased, which the purchaser refuses to accept (though it has been tendered to him), the loss shall fall upon the purchaser. 130. He who sells a commodity on which the king has laid an embargo, shall have it confiscated. 131. A ferry-man who takes a toll payable (for commodities conveyed) by land shall be fined ten Pamas. 132. Likewise, a ferry-man, or an official at a toll-office, who takes a fare or toll from a student, or Vanaprastha (hermit), or a Bhikshu (ascetic or religious mendicant), or a pregnant woman, or one about to visit a place of pilgrimage; 133. And he shall restore it to them. 134. Those who use false dice in gaming shall lose one hand. 135. Those who resort to (other) fraudulent practices in gaming shall lose two fingers (the thumb and the index). 136. Cutpurses shall lose one hand. 137. Cattle being attacked, during day-time, by wolves or other ferocious animals, and the keeper not going (to repel the attack), the blame shall fall upon him ; 138. And he shall make good to the owner the value of the cattle that has perished. 139. If he milks a cow without permission, (he shall pay) twenty-five Karshapavas (as a fine). 131. The toll mentioned here is the duty on marketable commodities mentioned above, III, 29, 30. ( Nand.) V, 154. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 37 140. If a female buffalo damages grain, her keeper shall be fined eight MAshas. 141. If she has been without a keeper, her owner (shall pay that fine). 142. (For mischief done by) a horse, or a camel, or an ass (the fine shall be the same). 143. (For damage done by) a cow, it shall be half. 144. (For damage done by) a goat, or a sheep, - (it shall be) half of that again. 145. For cattle abiding (in the field), after having eaten (grain), the fine shall be double.
2143. (For damage done by) a cow, it shall be half. 144. (For damage done by) a goat, or a sheep, - (it shall be) half of that again. 145. For cattle abiding (in the field), after having eaten (grain), the fine shall be double. 146. And in every case the owner (of the field) shall receive the value of the grain that has been destroyed. 147. There is no offence if the damage has been done near a highway, near a village, or (in a field adjacent to) the common pasture-ground for cattle ; 148. Or (if it has been done) in an uninclosed field ; 149. Or if the cattle did not abide long ; 150. Or if the damage has been done by bulls that have been set at liberty, or by a cow shortly after her calving. 151. He who commits members of the highest (or Braéhmamza) caste to slavery, shall pay the highest amercement. 152. An apostate from religious mendicity shall become the king’s slave. 153. A hired workman who abandons his work before the term has expired shall pay the whole amount (of the stipulated wages) to his employer ; 154. And he shall pay a hundred Pazas to the king. 38 VISHNU. V, 155. 155. What has been destroyed through his want of care, (he must make good) to the owner ; 156. Unless the damage have been caused by an accident. 157. If an employer dismisses a workman (whom he has hired) before the expiration of the term, he shall pay him his entire wages ; 158. And (he shall pay) a hundred Pazas to the king ; 159. Unless the workman have been at fault. 160. He who, having promised his daughter to one suitor, gives her in marriage to another, shall be punished as a thief; 161. Unless the (first) suitor have a blemish. 162. The same (punishment is ordained for a suitor) who abandons a faultless girl; 163. (And for a husband who forsakes) a (blameless) wife. 164. He who buys unawares in open market the property of another man (from one not authorised to sell it) is not to blame; 165. (But) the owner shall recover his property. 166. If he has bought it in secret and under its price, the purchaser and the vendor shall be punished as thieves. 167. He who embezzles goods belonging to a corporation (of Brahmazas, and which have been sent to them by the king or by private persons), shall be banished. 168. He who violates their established rule (shall) also (be banished). 169. He who retains a deposit shall restore the commodity deposited to the owner, with interest. 170. The king shall punish him as a thief. V, 181. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 39 171. (The same punishment is ordained for him) who claims as a deposit what he never deposited. 172. A destroyer of landmarks shall be compelled to pay the highest amercement and to mark the boundary anew with landmarks. 173. He who (knowingly) eats forbidden food effecting loss of caste shall be banished. 174. He who sells forbidden food (such as spirituous liquor and the like), or food which must not be sold, and he who breaks an image of a deity, shall pay the highest amercement ;
3173. He who (knowingly) eats forbidden food effecting loss of caste shall be banished. 174. He who sells forbidden food (such as spirituous liquor and the like), or food which must not be sold, and he who breaks an image of a deity, shall pay the highest amercement ; 175. Also, a physician who adopts a wrong method of cure in the case of a patient of high rank (such as a relative of the king’s); 176. The second amercement in the case of another patient ; 177. The lowest amercement in the case of an animal. 178. He who does not give what he has promised, shall be compelled to give it and to pay the first amercement. 179. To a false witness his entire property shall be confiscated. ; 180. (The same punishment is ordained) for a judge who lives by bribes. 181. He who has mortgaged more than a bull’s hide of land to one creditor, and without having redeemed it mortgages it to another, shall be corporally punished (by whipping or imprisonment). 171. According to Nand., the particle 4a indicates that those who state the nature or amount of a deposit wrongly are also intended here. 173. Thus according to Nand., who says expressly that the causative form cannot here mean causing to eat, because the punishment for the latter offence has been mentioned in Stra 98.- 40 VISHNU. V, 182. 182. If the quantity be less, he shall pay a fine of sixteen Suvarmas. 183. That land, whether little or much, on the produce of which one man can subsist for a year, is called the quantity of a bull’s hide. 184. If a dispute should arise between two (creditors) concerning (a field or other immovable property) which has been mortgaged to both at the same time, that mortgagee shall enjoy its produce who holds it in his possession, without having obtained it by force. 185. What has been possessed in order and with a legitimate title (such as purchase, donation, and the like), the possessor may keep; it can never be taken from him. 186. Where (land or other) property has been held in legitimate possession by the father (or grandfather), the son’s right to it, after his death, cannot be contested; for it has become his own by force of possession. 187. If possession has been held of an estate by three (successive) generations in due course, the fourth in descent shall keep it as his property, even without a written title. 188. He who kills (in his own defence a tiger or other) animal with sharp nails and claws, or a (goat or. other) horned animal (excepting cows), or a (boar or other) animal with sharp teeth, or an assassin, or an elephant, or a horse, or any other (ferocious animal by whom he has been attacked), commits no crime. 189. Any one may unhesitatingly slay a man who attacks him with intent to murder him, whether his spiritual teacher, young or old, or a Brahmaza, V, 196. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 41 or even (a Br&hmama) versed in many branches of sacred knowledge.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1122. (The same punishment is ordained) for forging a balance, or a measure; 123. Also, for pronouncing them incorrect, although they are correct. 124. (The same punishment is) also (ordained) for selling adulterated commodities ; 125. And for a company of merchants who prevent the sale of a commodity (which happens to be abroad) by selling it under its price. 126. (The same punishment is ordained) for those (members of such a company) who sell (an article belonging to the whole company for more than it is worth) on their own account. 127. He who does not deliver to the purchaser a commodity (sold), after its price has been paid to him, shall be compelled to deliver it to him with interest ; 117. Nand. considers the particle 4a to imply that the exchange of sealed goods for others shall be punished in the same way. But this assertion rests upon a false reading (samudraparivarta for samudgaparivarta) of Y. II, 247, which passage Nand. quotes in support of his view, D2 36 VISHNU. V, 128. 128. And he shall be fined a hundred Pawas by the king. 129. If there should be a loss upon a commodity purchased, which the purchaser refuses to accept (though it has been tendered to him), the loss shall fall upon the purchaser. 130. He who sells a commodity on which the king has laid an embargo, shall have it confiscated. 131. A ferry-man who takes a toll payable (for commodities conveyed) by land shall be fined ten Pamas. 132. Likewise, a ferry-man, or an official at a toll-office, who takes a fare or toll from a student, or Vanaprastha (hermit), or a Bhikshu (ascetic or religious mendicant), or a pregnant woman, or one about to visit a place of pilgrimage; 133. And he shall restore it to them. 134. Those who use false dice in gaming shall lose one hand. 135. Those who resort to (other) fraudulent practices in gaming shall lose two fingers (the thumb and the index). 136. Cutpurses shall lose one hand. 137. Cattle being attacked, during day-time, by wolves or other ferocious animals, and the keeper not going (to repel the attack), the blame shall fall upon him ; 138. And he shall make good to the owner the value of the cattle that has perished. 139. If he milks a cow without permission, (he shall pay) twenty-five Karshapavas (as a fine). 131. The toll mentioned here is the duty on marketable commodities mentioned above, III, 29, 30. ( Nand.) V, 154. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 37 140. If a female buffalo damages grain, her keeper shall be fined eight MAshas. 141. If she has been without a keeper, her owner (shall pay that fine). 142. (For mischief done by) a horse, or a camel, or an ass (the fine shall be the same). 143. (For damage done by) a cow, it shall be half. 144. (For damage done by) a goat, or a sheep, - (it shall be) half of that again. 145. For cattle abiding (in the field), after having eaten (grain), the fine shall be double.
2143. (For damage done by) a cow, it shall be half. 144. (For damage done by) a goat, or a sheep, - (it shall be) half of that again. 145. For cattle abiding (in the field), after having eaten (grain), the fine shall be double. 146. And in every case the owner (of the field) shall receive the value of the grain that has been destroyed. 147. There is no offence if the damage has been done near a highway, near a village, or (in a field adjacent to) the common pasture-ground for cattle ; 148. Or (if it has been done) in an uninclosed field ; 149. Or if the cattle did not abide long ; 150. Or if the damage has been done by bulls that have been set at liberty, or by a cow shortly after her calving. 151. He who commits members of the highest (or Braéhmamza) caste to slavery, shall pay the highest amercement. 152. An apostate from religious mendicity shall become the king’s slave. 153. A hired workman who abandons his work before the term has expired shall pay the whole amount (of the stipulated wages) to his employer ; 154. And he shall pay a hundred Pazas to the king. 38 VISHNU. V, 155. 155. What has been destroyed through his want of care, (he must make good) to the owner ; 156. Unless the damage have been caused by an accident. 157. If an employer dismisses a workman (whom he has hired) before the expiration of the term, he shall pay him his entire wages ; 158. And (he shall pay) a hundred Pazas to the king ; 159. Unless the workman have been at fault. 160. He who, having promised his daughter to one suitor, gives her in marriage to another, shall be punished as a thief; 161. Unless the (first) suitor have a blemish. 162. The same (punishment is ordained for a suitor) who abandons a faultless girl; 163. (And for a husband who forsakes) a (blameless) wife. 164. He who buys unawares in open market the property of another man (from one not authorised to sell it) is not to blame; 165. (But) the owner shall recover his property. 166. If he has bought it in secret and under its price, the purchaser and the vendor shall be punished as thieves. 167. He who embezzles goods belonging to a corporation (of Brahmazas, and which have been sent to them by the king or by private persons), shall be banished. 168. He who violates their established rule (shall) also (be banished). 169. He who retains a deposit shall restore the commodity deposited to the owner, with interest. 170. The king shall punish him as a thief. V, 181. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 39 171. (The same punishment is ordained for him) who claims as a deposit what he never deposited. 172. A destroyer of landmarks shall be compelled to pay the highest amercement and to mark the boundary anew with landmarks. 173. He who (knowingly) eats forbidden food effecting loss of caste shall be banished. 174. He who sells forbidden food (such as spirituous liquor and the like), or food which must not be sold, and he who breaks an image of a deity, shall pay the highest amercement ;
3173. He who (knowingly) eats forbidden food effecting loss of caste shall be banished. 174. He who sells forbidden food (such as spirituous liquor and the like), or food which must not be sold, and he who breaks an image of a deity, shall pay the highest amercement ; 175. Also, a physician who adopts a wrong method of cure in the case of a patient of high rank (such as a relative of the king’s); 176. The second amercement in the case of another patient ; 177. The lowest amercement in the case of an animal. 178. He who does not give what he has promised, shall be compelled to give it and to pay the first amercement. 179. To a false witness his entire property shall be confiscated. ; 180. (The same punishment is ordained) for a judge who lives by bribes. 181. He who has mortgaged more than a bull’s hide of land to one creditor, and without having redeemed it mortgages it to another, shall be corporally punished (by whipping or imprisonment). 171. According to Nand., the particle 4a indicates that those who state the nature or amount of a deposit wrongly are also intended here. 173. Thus according to Nand., who says expressly that the causative form cannot here mean causing to eat, because the punishment for the latter offence has been mentioned in Stra 98.- 40 VISHNU. V, 182. 182. If the quantity be less, he shall pay a fine of sixteen Suvarmas. 183. That land, whether little or much, on the produce of which one man can subsist for a year, is called the quantity of a bull’s hide. 184. If a dispute should arise between two (creditors) concerning (a field or other immovable property) which has been mortgaged to both at the same time, that mortgagee shall enjoy its produce who holds it in his possession, without having obtained it by force. 185. What has been possessed in order and with a legitimate title (such as purchase, donation, and the like), the possessor may keep; it can never be taken from him. 186. Where (land or other) property has been held in legitimate possession by the father (or grandfather), the son’s right to it, after his death, cannot be contested; for it has become his own by force of possession. 187. If possession has been held of an estate by three (successive) generations in due course, the fourth in descent shall keep it as his property, even without a written title. 188. He who kills (in his own defence a tiger or other) animal with sharp nails and claws, or a (goat or. other) horned animal (excepting cows), or a (boar or other) animal with sharp teeth, or an assassin, or an elephant, or a horse, or any other (ferocious animal by whom he has been attacked), commits no crime. 189. Any one may unhesitatingly slay a man who attacks him with intent to murder him, whether his spiritual teacher, young or old, or a Brahmaza, V, 196. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 41 or even (a Br&hmama) versed in many branches of sacred knowledge.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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