Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
12. He who has committed a crime rendering unworthy to receive alms, is purified by the penance Taptakrzééhra (in case he committed it knowingly), or by the penance Sitakr7#éhra (in case he did it unawares), or by the penance Mahas4ntapana (in case it was committed) repeatedly. XLI. 1. Killing birds, amphibious animals, and aquatic animals (such as fish) ; 2. And worms or insects ; 3. Eating (nutmegs or other) plants similar to intoxicating drinks (in their effect upon the system): perform the penance mentioned here through a substitute, if unable to perform it himself.’ (Nand.) XL. 1. M. XI, 70. 2. Regarding the penances mentioned here, see XLVI, 11, 12, 20. XLI. 1-4. M. XI, 71. 3. ‘Or the term mady4nugata means hemp and the like.’ (Nand.) Kullaka (on M. XI, 71) interprets it by ‘ what has been brought in the same basket or vessel with spirituous liquor ;’ Medatithi, quoted by the same, by ‘ what has been defiled by spirituous liquor.’ The rendering given in the text agrees with the first interpretation proposed by Nand. 140 VISHNU. XLI, 4. 4. Such are the crimes causing defilement. 5. The penance ordained for crimes causing defilement is the Taptakr7ééhra penance (if they were committed unintentionally), or they shall be atoned for by the Krzékhratikvzkkhra penance (if they were committed intentionally). XLII. 1. Miscellaneous crimes are those which have not been mentioned before. 2. Having committed one out of the number of miscellaneous crimes, a prudent man should always perform a penance, by the advice of a Brahmamza, after the higher or less degree of his guilt has been ascertained. XLIII. © Now follow the hells. (They are called :) TAmisra (darkness) ; Andhatdmisra (complete darkness) ; Raurava (place of howling) ; Mahdaraurava (place of much howling) ; Kalasdtra (thread of time or death) ; Mahanaraka (great hell) ; Sajigivana (restoring to life) ; Avi&i (waveless) ; CONAKBE Ps XLIII. 1-22. M. IV, 88-90; Y. III, 222-224. — 34. M. XI], 76. 4. Nand. derives the term Raurava from ‘ruru, a kind of serpent.’ But it seems preferable to connect it with the root ru, ‘to howl.’ 6. This hell is defined by Nand. as a kind of threshing-place, made of copper, burning hot, and measuring ten thousand Yoganas. 8. In this hell those who have perished in consequence of the tortures which they had to undergo are restored to life and tortured anew. (Nand.) XLIII, 25. HELLS. I4I 10. TApana (burning); 11. Sampratapana (parching) ; 12. Samghdtaka (pressing together) ; 13. K4Akola (ravens) ; 14. Kudmala (bud) ; 15. Pdtimvzttika (stinking clay) ; 16. Lohasanku (iron-spiked) ; 17. Azkisha (frying-pan) ; 18, Vishamapanth4na (rough or uneven roads); 19. Kazéakasdlmali (thorny S4lmali trees) ; 20. Dtpanadi (flame river) ; 21. Asipattravana (sword-leaved forest) ; 22. Lohafaraka (iron fetters) ;
2Pdtimvzttika (stinking clay) ; 16. Lohasanku (iron-spiked) ; 17. Azkisha (frying-pan) ; 18, Vishamapanth4na (rough or uneven roads); 19. Kazéakasdlmali (thorny S4lmali trees) ; 20. Dtpanadi (flame river) ; 21. Asipattravana (sword-leaved forest) ; 22. Lohafaraka (iron fetters) ; 23. In each of those (hells) successively criminals in the highest degree, who have not performed the penance (prescribed for their crime), are tormented for the time of a Kalpa. -24. Mortal sinners (who have not done penance) for a Manvantara ; 25. Minor offenders, for the same period ; 12. In this hell a large number of individuals is packed up closely in a very narrow space. (Nand.) 13. In this hell the sinners are devoured by ravens. (Nand.) 14. In this hell the sinners are put in. sacks, which are tied up at the end. (Nand.) 17. In this hell the sinners are roasted. (Nand.) 20. This river, which contains hot water, is called Vaitaramt, as it is said, ‘The river called Vaitaramt has a stinking odour, is full of blood, and is moving on swiftly a torrent of hot water, carrying bones and hair in its course.’ (Nand.) A detailed description of the river Vaitaramt may be found in the Garuda-purdza, p. 8 (Bombay ed., 1863). 22. ‘The particle iti is added here, in order to include in the above enumeration the hells called Savisha, Mahapatha, Kumbhfpaka, Taptabaluka, and the rest.’ (Nand.) See Y. III, 223, 224; M. XII, 76. — 142 VISHNU. XLII, 26. 26. Criminals in the fourth degree, for the period of a Katuryuga ; 27. Those who have committed a crime effecting loss of caste, for a thousand years ; 28. Those who have committed a crime degrading to a mixed caste, for the same period ; 29. Those likewise who have committed a crime rendering unworthy to receive alms and the like. 30. And those who have committed a crime causing defilement ; 31. Those who have committed one of the miscellaneous crimes, for a great number of years; 32. All sinners who have committed (one of those nine kinds of) crimes have to suffer terrible pangs, when they have departed life and entered upon the path of Yama. 33. Being dragged hither and thither (upon even and uneven roads), by the dire ministers of Yama, they are conducted (to hell by them), with menacing gestures, 34. (There) they are devoured by dogs and jackals, by hawks, crows, herons, cranes, and other (carnivorous animals), by (bears and other) animals having fire in their mouth, and by serpents and scorpions. 35. They are scorched by blazing fire, pierced by thorns, divided into parts by saws, and tormented by thirst. 36. They are agitated by hunger and by fearful troops of tigers, and faint away at every step on account of the foul stenches proceeding from pus and from blood. 31. ‘A great number of years’ means three hundred years. (Nand.) XLIII, 45. HELLS, 143
336. They are agitated by hunger and by fearful troops of tigers, and faint away at every step on account of the foul stenches proceeding from pus and from blood. 31. ‘A great number of years’ means three hundred years. (Nand.) XLIII, 45. HELLS, 143 37. Casting wistful glances upon the food and drink of others, they receive blows from ministers (of Yama), whose faces are similar to those of crows, herons, cranes, and other horrid animals. 38. Here they are boiled in oil, and there pounded with pestles, or ground in iron or stone vessels. 39. In one place they (are made to) eat what has been vomited, or pus, or blood, or excrements, and in another place, meat of a hideous kind, smelling like pus. 40. Here, enveloped in terrible darkness, they are devoured by worms and (jackals and other) horrible animals having flames in their mouth. 41. There again they are tormented by frost, or have to step through unclean things (such as excrements), or the departed spirits eat one another, driven to distraction (by hunger). 42. In one place they are beaten with their deeds in a former existence, in another they are suspended (by trees and the like, with a rope), or shot with heaps of arrows, or cut in pieces. 43. In another place again, walking upon thorns, and their bodies being encircled by snakes, they are tormented with (grinding) machines, and dragged on by their knees. 44. Their backs, heads, and shoulders are fractured, the necks of these poor beings are not stouter than a needle, and their bodies, of a size fit for a hut only, are unable to bear torments. 45. Having thus been tormented (in the hells) and suffered most acute pain, the sinners have to 43. The Garuda-purdza (p. 17) also mentions that in one hell the sinners are thrown into machines like the sugar-cane, 144 VISHNU. XLIV, rt. endure further pangs in their migration through animal bodies. XLIV. 1. Now after having suffered the torments inflicted in the hells, the evil-doers pass into animal bodies. 2. Criminals in the highest degree enter the bodies of all plants successively. 3. Mortal sinners enter the bodies of worms or insects. 4. Minor offenders enter the bodies of birds. 5. Criminals in the fourth degree enter the bodies of aquatic animals. 6. Those who have committed a crime effecting loss of caste, enter the bodies of amphibious animals. 7. Those who have committed a crime degrading to a mixed caste, enter the bodies of deer. 8. Those who have committed a crime rendering them unworthy to receive alms, enter the bodies of cattle. 9g. Those who have committed a crime causing defilement, enter the bodies of (low-caste) men (such as Kandalas), who may not be touched. 10. Those who have committed one of the miscellaneous crimes, enter the bodies of miscellaneous wild carnivorous animals (such as tigers). 11. One who has eaten the food of one whose food may not be eaten, or forbidden food, becomes a worm or insect.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
12. He who has committed a crime rendering unworthy to receive alms, is purified by the penance Taptakrzééhra (in case he committed it knowingly), or by the penance Sitakr7#éhra (in case he did it unawares), or by the penance Mahas4ntapana (in case it was committed) repeatedly. XLI. 1. Killing birds, amphibious animals, and aquatic animals (such as fish) ; 2. And worms or insects ; 3. Eating (nutmegs or other) plants similar to intoxicating drinks (in their effect upon the system): perform the penance mentioned here through a substitute, if unable to perform it himself.’ (Nand.) XL. 1. M. XI, 70. 2. Regarding the penances mentioned here, see XLVI, 11, 12, 20. XLI. 1-4. M. XI, 71. 3. ‘Or the term mady4nugata means hemp and the like.’ (Nand.) Kullaka (on M. XI, 71) interprets it by ‘ what has been brought in the same basket or vessel with spirituous liquor ;’ Medatithi, quoted by the same, by ‘ what has been defiled by spirituous liquor.’ The rendering given in the text agrees with the first interpretation proposed by Nand. 140 VISHNU. XLI, 4. 4. Such are the crimes causing defilement. 5. The penance ordained for crimes causing defilement is the Taptakr7ééhra penance (if they were committed unintentionally), or they shall be atoned for by the Krzékhratikvzkkhra penance (if they were committed intentionally). XLII. 1. Miscellaneous crimes are those which have not been mentioned before. 2. Having committed one out of the number of miscellaneous crimes, a prudent man should always perform a penance, by the advice of a Brahmamza, after the higher or less degree of his guilt has been ascertained. XLIII. © Now follow the hells. (They are called :) TAmisra (darkness) ; Andhatdmisra (complete darkness) ; Raurava (place of howling) ; Mahdaraurava (place of much howling) ; Kalasdtra (thread of time or death) ; Mahanaraka (great hell) ; Sajigivana (restoring to life) ; Avi&i (waveless) ; CONAKBE Ps XLIII. 1-22. M. IV, 88-90; Y. III, 222-224. — 34. M. XI], 76. 4. Nand. derives the term Raurava from ‘ruru, a kind of serpent.’ But it seems preferable to connect it with the root ru, ‘to howl.’ 6. This hell is defined by Nand. as a kind of threshing-place, made of copper, burning hot, and measuring ten thousand Yoganas. 8. In this hell those who have perished in consequence of the tortures which they had to undergo are restored to life and tortured anew. (Nand.) XLIII, 25. HELLS. I4I 10. TApana (burning); 11. Sampratapana (parching) ; 12. Samghdtaka (pressing together) ; 13. K4Akola (ravens) ; 14. Kudmala (bud) ; 15. Pdtimvzttika (stinking clay) ; 16. Lohasanku (iron-spiked) ; 17. Azkisha (frying-pan) ; 18, Vishamapanth4na (rough or uneven roads); 19. Kazéakasdlmali (thorny S4lmali trees) ; 20. Dtpanadi (flame river) ; 21. Asipattravana (sword-leaved forest) ; 22. Lohafaraka (iron fetters) ;
2Pdtimvzttika (stinking clay) ; 16. Lohasanku (iron-spiked) ; 17. Azkisha (frying-pan) ; 18, Vishamapanth4na (rough or uneven roads); 19. Kazéakasdlmali (thorny S4lmali trees) ; 20. Dtpanadi (flame river) ; 21. Asipattravana (sword-leaved forest) ; 22. Lohafaraka (iron fetters) ; 23. In each of those (hells) successively criminals in the highest degree, who have not performed the penance (prescribed for their crime), are tormented for the time of a Kalpa. -24. Mortal sinners (who have not done penance) for a Manvantara ; 25. Minor offenders, for the same period ; 12. In this hell a large number of individuals is packed up closely in a very narrow space. (Nand.) 13. In this hell the sinners are devoured by ravens. (Nand.) 14. In this hell the sinners are put in. sacks, which are tied up at the end. (Nand.) 17. In this hell the sinners are roasted. (Nand.) 20. This river, which contains hot water, is called Vaitaramt, as it is said, ‘The river called Vaitaramt has a stinking odour, is full of blood, and is moving on swiftly a torrent of hot water, carrying bones and hair in its course.’ (Nand.) A detailed description of the river Vaitaramt may be found in the Garuda-purdza, p. 8 (Bombay ed., 1863). 22. ‘The particle iti is added here, in order to include in the above enumeration the hells called Savisha, Mahapatha, Kumbhfpaka, Taptabaluka, and the rest.’ (Nand.) See Y. III, 223, 224; M. XII, 76. — 142 VISHNU. XLII, 26. 26. Criminals in the fourth degree, for the period of a Katuryuga ; 27. Those who have committed a crime effecting loss of caste, for a thousand years ; 28. Those who have committed a crime degrading to a mixed caste, for the same period ; 29. Those likewise who have committed a crime rendering unworthy to receive alms and the like. 30. And those who have committed a crime causing defilement ; 31. Those who have committed one of the miscellaneous crimes, for a great number of years; 32. All sinners who have committed (one of those nine kinds of) crimes have to suffer terrible pangs, when they have departed life and entered upon the path of Yama. 33. Being dragged hither and thither (upon even and uneven roads), by the dire ministers of Yama, they are conducted (to hell by them), with menacing gestures, 34. (There) they are devoured by dogs and jackals, by hawks, crows, herons, cranes, and other (carnivorous animals), by (bears and other) animals having fire in their mouth, and by serpents and scorpions. 35. They are scorched by blazing fire, pierced by thorns, divided into parts by saws, and tormented by thirst. 36. They are agitated by hunger and by fearful troops of tigers, and faint away at every step on account of the foul stenches proceeding from pus and from blood. 31. ‘A great number of years’ means three hundred years. (Nand.) XLIII, 45. HELLS, 143
336. They are agitated by hunger and by fearful troops of tigers, and faint away at every step on account of the foul stenches proceeding from pus and from blood. 31. ‘A great number of years’ means three hundred years. (Nand.) XLIII, 45. HELLS, 143 37. Casting wistful glances upon the food and drink of others, they receive blows from ministers (of Yama), whose faces are similar to those of crows, herons, cranes, and other horrid animals. 38. Here they are boiled in oil, and there pounded with pestles, or ground in iron or stone vessels. 39. In one place they (are made to) eat what has been vomited, or pus, or blood, or excrements, and in another place, meat of a hideous kind, smelling like pus. 40. Here, enveloped in terrible darkness, they are devoured by worms and (jackals and other) horrible animals having flames in their mouth. 41. There again they are tormented by frost, or have to step through unclean things (such as excrements), or the departed spirits eat one another, driven to distraction (by hunger). 42. In one place they are beaten with their deeds in a former existence, in another they are suspended (by trees and the like, with a rope), or shot with heaps of arrows, or cut in pieces. 43. In another place again, walking upon thorns, and their bodies being encircled by snakes, they are tormented with (grinding) machines, and dragged on by their knees. 44. Their backs, heads, and shoulders are fractured, the necks of these poor beings are not stouter than a needle, and their bodies, of a size fit for a hut only, are unable to bear torments. 45. Having thus been tormented (in the hells) and suffered most acute pain, the sinners have to 43. The Garuda-purdza (p. 17) also mentions that in one hell the sinners are thrown into machines like the sugar-cane, 144 VISHNU. XLIV, rt. endure further pangs in their migration through animal bodies. XLIV. 1. Now after having suffered the torments inflicted in the hells, the evil-doers pass into animal bodies. 2. Criminals in the highest degree enter the bodies of all plants successively. 3. Mortal sinners enter the bodies of worms or insects. 4. Minor offenders enter the bodies of birds. 5. Criminals in the fourth degree enter the bodies of aquatic animals. 6. Those who have committed a crime effecting loss of caste, enter the bodies of amphibious animals. 7. Those who have committed a crime degrading to a mixed caste, enter the bodies of deer. 8. Those who have committed a crime rendering them unworthy to receive alms, enter the bodies of cattle. 9g. Those who have committed a crime causing defilement, enter the bodies of (low-caste) men (such as Kandalas), who may not be touched. 10. Those who have committed one of the miscellaneous crimes, enter the bodies of miscellaneous wild carnivorous animals (such as tigers). 11. One who has eaten the food of one whose food may not be eaten, or forbidden food, becomes a worm or insect.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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