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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
171. And (let him appoint) ministers (to help and advise him) in all his affairs, who are pure, free from covetousness, attentive, and able. 72. Let him try causes himself, accompanied by well-instructed Brahmamas. 73. Or let him entrust a Braéhmaza with the judicial business. 74. Let the king appoint as judges men of good yo. ‘The science of what is useful in life’ comprises the fine arts, except music, and all technical knowledge. 74. According to Nand., the particle 4a indicates that the judges should be well acquainted, likewise, with the sacred revelation, III, 82. DUTIES OF A KING. 21 families, for whom the ceremonies (of initiation and so forth) have been performed, and who are eager in keeping religious vows, impartial towards friend and foe, and not likely to be corrupted by litigants either by (ministering to their) lustful desires or by (stimulating them to) wrath or by (exciting their) avarice or by other (such practices). 75. Let the king in all matters listen to (the advice of) his astrologers. 76. Let him constantly show reverence to the gods and to the Brahmazas, 77. Let him honour the aged ; 78. A d let him offer sacrifices ; 79. And he must not suffer any Brahmaza in his realm to perish with want; 80. Nor any other man leading a pious life. 81. Let him bestow landed property upon Brdéhmamas. 82. To those upon whom he has bestowed (land) he must give a document, destined for the information of a future ruler, which must be written upon a piece of (cotton) cloth, or a copper-plate, and must contain the names of his (three) immediate ancestors, a declaration of the extent of the land, and an im- _precation against him who should appropriate the and intent upon performing their daily study of the Veda, as ordained by Yagfiavalkya, II, 2. -75. According to Nand., the particle 4a indicates that the king’s ministers should also consult the astrologers. 46. ‘The particle 4a is used here in order to imply that the king should bestow presents upon the Brahmamas, as ordained by Manu, VII, 79. (Nand.) See Introduction. 82. The repeated use of the particle 4a in this Stra signifies that the document in question should also contain the name of the 22 VISHNU. III, 83. donation to himself, and should be signed with his own seal. 83. Let him not appropriate to himself landed property bestowed (upon Brahmavzas) by other (rulers), 84. Let him present the Brahmazas with gifts of every kind. 85. Let him be on his guard, whatever he may be about. 86. Let him be splendid (in apparel and ornaments). 87. Let him be conversant with incantations dispelling the effects of poison and sickness. 88. Let him not test any aliments, that have not been tried before (by his attendants, by certain " experiments). 89. Let him smile before he speaks to any one. go. Let him not frown even upon (criminals) doomed to capital punishment. 91. Let him inflict punishments, corresponding to the nature of their offences, upon evil-doers.
289. Let him smile before he speaks to any one. go. Let him not frown even upon (criminals) doomed to capital punishment. 91. Let him inflict punishments, corresponding to the nature of their offences, upon evil-doers. donor, the date of the donation, and the words, written in the donor’s own hand, ‘What has been written above, by that is my own will declared.” The term danak&hedopavarnanam, ‘ containing a declaration of the punishment awaiting the robber of a grant,’ may also mean, ‘indicating the boundaries (such as fields and the like) of the grant.’ The seal must contain the figure of a flamingo, boar, or other animal. (Nand.) Numerous grants on copper-plates, exactly corresponding to the above description, have been actually found in divers parts of India. See, particularly, Dr. Burnell’s Elements of South Indian Palaeography. 83. According to Nand., the particle 4a is used in order to include in this prohibition a grant made by himself. 86. Nand. proposes a second interpretation of the term sudarsana besides the one given above, ‘he shall often show himself before those desirous of seeing him.’ IV, 6. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 23 92. Let him inflict punishments according to justice (either personally or through his attendants). 93. Let him pardon no one for having offended twice. 94. He who deviates from his duty must certainly not be left unpunished by the king. 95. Where punishment with a black hue and a red eye advances with irresistible might, the king deciding causes justly, there the people will prosper. 96. Let a king in his own domain inflict punishments according to justice, chastise foreign foes with rigour, behave without duplicity to his affectionate friends, and with lenity to Brahmazas. 97. Of a king thus disposed, even though he subsist by gleaning, the fame is far spread in the world, like a drop of oil in the water. 98. That king who is pleased when his subjects are joyful, and grieved when they are in grief, will obtain fame in this world, and will be raised to a high station in heaven after his death. IV. 1. The (very small mote of) dust which may be discerned in a sun-beam passing through a lattice is called trasarezu (trembling dust). 2, Eight of these (trasarezus) are equal to a nit. 3. Three of the latter are equal to a black mustard-seed. 4. Three of these last are equal to a white mustard-seed. 5. Six of these are equal to a barley-corn. 6. Three of these equal a Krshwala. IV. 1-14. M. VIII, 132-138; Y. 1, 361-365. 6. Krishnala (literally, ‘seed of the Gufiga creeper’) is another 24 VISHNU. IV, 7. 7. Five of these equal a Masha. 8. Twelve of these are equal to half an Aksha. 9. The weight of half an Aksha, with four MAashas added to it, is called a Suvarza. 10. Four Suvarzas make a Nishka. 11. Two Kvishzalas of equal weight are equal to one MAshaka of silver. 12. Sixteen of these are equal to a Dharama (of silver). 13. A Karsha (or eighty Raktikas) of copper is called Karshapaza.
310. Four Suvarzas make a Nishka. 11. Two Kvishzalas of equal weight are equal to one MAshaka of silver. 12. Sixteen of these are equal to a Dharama (of silver). 13. A Karsha (or eighty Raktikas) of copper is called Karshapaza. 14. Two hundred and fifty (copper) Pazas are declared to be the first (cr lowest) amercement, five hundred are considered as the middlemost, and a thousand as the highest. V. 1. Great criminals should all be put to death. name for Raktika or Rat?, the lowest denomination in general use. According to Prinsep (Useful Tables, p. 97) it equals 1.875 grains = 0.122 grammes of the metrical system. According to Thomas (see Colebrooke’s Essays, ed: by Cowell, I, p. 529, note) it equals 1.75 grains. 7-10. These names refer to weights of gold. V. 2, 3. M. VIII, 124; [X, 239, 241; Gaut. XII, 46, 47.— 3-7. M. IX, 237. — 8. M. IX, 241; VIII, 380.— 9, rr. M. IX, 232.— 12, 13. M.VIII, 320, 321.— 18. M. VIII, 371. — 19. M. VII, 279; Y. II, 215; Apast. II, 10, 27, 14; Gaut. XII, 1. — 2c-22. M.VIII, 281, 282; Apast. II, 10, 27,15; Gaut. XII, 7. — 23. M.VIII, 270; Apast. II, 10, 27, 14. — 24. M.VIII, 272. — 25. M.VIII, 271. — 26-28. M.VIII, 273-275. — 27. Y. II, 204. — 29, 30. Y.II, 210. — 31-33. Y. II, 211. — 35. M. VIII, 269. — 36. M.VIII, 268; Gaut. XII, 12. — 40, 41. M. VIII, 382-385. — 40, 44. Y. II, 286, 289.—45. M. VIII, 224.—47. M. VIII, 225.—49. Y. II, 297. — 50, 52. M. VIII, 296-298 ; Y. II, 225, 226. — 55-58. M.VIII, 285; Y. Il, 227-229.— 60, 61. M.VIII, 280. — 60-73. Y.II, 216-221. — 66-68. M.VIII, 283, 284. — 74. M. 1X, 274. — V, 3. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 25 2. In the case of a Brahmaza no corporal punishment must be inflicted. 3. A Bréhmaza must be banished from his own country, his body having been branded.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
171. And (let him appoint) ministers (to help and advise him) in all his affairs, who are pure, free from covetousness, attentive, and able. 72. Let him try causes himself, accompanied by well-instructed Brahmamas. 73. Or let him entrust a Braéhmaza with the judicial business. 74. Let the king appoint as judges men of good yo. ‘The science of what is useful in life’ comprises the fine arts, except music, and all technical knowledge. 74. According to Nand., the particle 4a indicates that the judges should be well acquainted, likewise, with the sacred revelation, III, 82. DUTIES OF A KING. 21 families, for whom the ceremonies (of initiation and so forth) have been performed, and who are eager in keeping religious vows, impartial towards friend and foe, and not likely to be corrupted by litigants either by (ministering to their) lustful desires or by (stimulating them to) wrath or by (exciting their) avarice or by other (such practices). 75. Let the king in all matters listen to (the advice of) his astrologers. 76. Let him constantly show reverence to the gods and to the Brahmazas, 77. Let him honour the aged ; 78. A d let him offer sacrifices ; 79. And he must not suffer any Brahmaza in his realm to perish with want; 80. Nor any other man leading a pious life. 81. Let him bestow landed property upon Brdéhmamas. 82. To those upon whom he has bestowed (land) he must give a document, destined for the information of a future ruler, which must be written upon a piece of (cotton) cloth, or a copper-plate, and must contain the names of his (three) immediate ancestors, a declaration of the extent of the land, and an im- _precation against him who should appropriate the and intent upon performing their daily study of the Veda, as ordained by Yagfiavalkya, II, 2. -75. According to Nand., the particle 4a indicates that the king’s ministers should also consult the astrologers. 46. ‘The particle 4a is used here in order to imply that the king should bestow presents upon the Brahmamas, as ordained by Manu, VII, 79. (Nand.) See Introduction. 82. The repeated use of the particle 4a in this Stra signifies that the document in question should also contain the name of the 22 VISHNU. III, 83. donation to himself, and should be signed with his own seal. 83. Let him not appropriate to himself landed property bestowed (upon Brahmavzas) by other (rulers), 84. Let him present the Brahmazas with gifts of every kind. 85. Let him be on his guard, whatever he may be about. 86. Let him be splendid (in apparel and ornaments). 87. Let him be conversant with incantations dispelling the effects of poison and sickness. 88. Let him not test any aliments, that have not been tried before (by his attendants, by certain " experiments). 89. Let him smile before he speaks to any one. go. Let him not frown even upon (criminals) doomed to capital punishment. 91. Let him inflict punishments, corresponding to the nature of their offences, upon evil-doers.
289. Let him smile before he speaks to any one. go. Let him not frown even upon (criminals) doomed to capital punishment. 91. Let him inflict punishments, corresponding to the nature of their offences, upon evil-doers. donor, the date of the donation, and the words, written in the donor’s own hand, ‘What has been written above, by that is my own will declared.” The term danak&hedopavarnanam, ‘ containing a declaration of the punishment awaiting the robber of a grant,’ may also mean, ‘indicating the boundaries (such as fields and the like) of the grant.’ The seal must contain the figure of a flamingo, boar, or other animal. (Nand.) Numerous grants on copper-plates, exactly corresponding to the above description, have been actually found in divers parts of India. See, particularly, Dr. Burnell’s Elements of South Indian Palaeography. 83. According to Nand., the particle 4a is used in order to include in this prohibition a grant made by himself. 86. Nand. proposes a second interpretation of the term sudarsana besides the one given above, ‘he shall often show himself before those desirous of seeing him.’ IV, 6. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 23 92. Let him inflict punishments according to justice (either personally or through his attendants). 93. Let him pardon no one for having offended twice. 94. He who deviates from his duty must certainly not be left unpunished by the king. 95. Where punishment with a black hue and a red eye advances with irresistible might, the king deciding causes justly, there the people will prosper. 96. Let a king in his own domain inflict punishments according to justice, chastise foreign foes with rigour, behave without duplicity to his affectionate friends, and with lenity to Brahmazas. 97. Of a king thus disposed, even though he subsist by gleaning, the fame is far spread in the world, like a drop of oil in the water. 98. That king who is pleased when his subjects are joyful, and grieved when they are in grief, will obtain fame in this world, and will be raised to a high station in heaven after his death. IV. 1. The (very small mote of) dust which may be discerned in a sun-beam passing through a lattice is called trasarezu (trembling dust). 2, Eight of these (trasarezus) are equal to a nit. 3. Three of the latter are equal to a black mustard-seed. 4. Three of these last are equal to a white mustard-seed. 5. Six of these are equal to a barley-corn. 6. Three of these equal a Krshwala. IV. 1-14. M. VIII, 132-138; Y. 1, 361-365. 6. Krishnala (literally, ‘seed of the Gufiga creeper’) is another 24 VISHNU. IV, 7. 7. Five of these equal a Masha. 8. Twelve of these are equal to half an Aksha. 9. The weight of half an Aksha, with four MAashas added to it, is called a Suvarza. 10. Four Suvarzas make a Nishka. 11. Two Kvishzalas of equal weight are equal to one MAshaka of silver. 12. Sixteen of these are equal to a Dharama (of silver). 13. A Karsha (or eighty Raktikas) of copper is called Karshapaza.
310. Four Suvarzas make a Nishka. 11. Two Kvishzalas of equal weight are equal to one MAshaka of silver. 12. Sixteen of these are equal to a Dharama (of silver). 13. A Karsha (or eighty Raktikas) of copper is called Karshapaza. 14. Two hundred and fifty (copper) Pazas are declared to be the first (cr lowest) amercement, five hundred are considered as the middlemost, and a thousand as the highest. V. 1. Great criminals should all be put to death. name for Raktika or Rat?, the lowest denomination in general use. According to Prinsep (Useful Tables, p. 97) it equals 1.875 grains = 0.122 grammes of the metrical system. According to Thomas (see Colebrooke’s Essays, ed: by Cowell, I, p. 529, note) it equals 1.75 grains. 7-10. These names refer to weights of gold. V. 2, 3. M. VIII, 124; [X, 239, 241; Gaut. XII, 46, 47.— 3-7. M. IX, 237. — 8. M. IX, 241; VIII, 380.— 9, rr. M. IX, 232.— 12, 13. M.VIII, 320, 321.— 18. M. VIII, 371. — 19. M. VII, 279; Y. II, 215; Apast. II, 10, 27, 14; Gaut. XII, 1. — 2c-22. M.VIII, 281, 282; Apast. II, 10, 27,15; Gaut. XII, 7. — 23. M.VIII, 270; Apast. II, 10, 27, 14. — 24. M.VIII, 272. — 25. M.VIII, 271. — 26-28. M.VIII, 273-275. — 27. Y. II, 204. — 29, 30. Y.II, 210. — 31-33. Y. II, 211. — 35. M. VIII, 269. — 36. M.VIII, 268; Gaut. XII, 12. — 40, 41. M. VIII, 382-385. — 40, 44. Y. II, 286, 289.—45. M. VIII, 224.—47. M. VIII, 225.—49. Y. II, 297. — 50, 52. M. VIII, 296-298 ; Y. II, 225, 226. — 55-58. M.VIII, 285; Y. Il, 227-229.— 60, 61. M.VIII, 280. — 60-73. Y.II, 216-221. — 66-68. M.VIII, 283, 284. — 74. M. 1X, 274. — V, 3. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 25 2. In the case of a Brahmaza no corporal punishment must be inflicted. 3. A Bréhmaza must be banished from his own country, his body having been branded.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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