Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Vessels of white copper and iron, with ashes; 27. Wooden articles, by planing ; 28. Vessels made of fruits (such as cocoa-nuts, bottle-gourds, and Bel fruits), by (rubbing them with) cows’ hair. 29. Many things in a heap, by sprinkling water over them; 30. Liquids (such as clarified butter, milk, &c.), by straining them ; 17. ‘All the objects mentioned in Sftras 12-16 must be washed, but so as to avoid injuring them, in case they have been defiled by excrements or other such impure substances.’ (Nand.) 21. The term amsupa/fa has been rendered in accordance with Nand.’s interpretation, which agrees with Vigfi4nesvara’s (on Y. I, 186). Kullaka (on M.V, 120; see the Petersburg Dictionary) appears to refer it to two different sorts of clothes, 30-37. These Sfitras relate to defilement caused by insects, &c. (Nand.) XXIII, 37. IMPURITY. IOI 31. Lumps of sugar and other preparations from the sugar-cane!, stored up in large quantities (exceeding a Droza) and kept in one’s own house 2, by water and fire?; 32. All sorts of salt, in the same manner ; 33. Earthern vessels (if smeared with excrements and the like), by a second burning ; 34. Images of gods (if smeared), by cleansing them in the same way as the material (of which they are made is generally cleansed), and then installing them anew (in their former place). 35. Of undressed grain let him remove so much only as has been defiled, and the remainder let him pound in a mortar and wash. 36. A quantity of prepared grain not exceeding a Drowa is not spoiled by being defiled (by dogs, crows, and other unclean animals). 37. He must throw away thus much of it only as has been defiled, and must sprinkle over the remainder water, into which a piece of gold has been dropped, and over which the G4yatri has been pronounced, and must hold it up before a goat (or before a horse) and before the fire. 31. 1Such as raw sugar, candied sugar, &c.—*If there is no large quantity of them, they require to be sprinkled with water only; and if they are kept elsewhere than in the house, as if they are exposed for sale in a fair, they require no purification at all._— ’They must be encircled with fire, and sprinkled with water afterwards. (Nand.) 32. Nand. mentions as the main species of salt, rock-salt, seasalt, sochal-salt, and Sémbhala-salt. The last term refers perhaps to salt coming from the famous salt-lake of Sakambhart or Shambar in Ragputana. 37. ‘A quantity less than a Droza having been defiled must be thrown away, as stated by Pardsara.’ (Nand.) One Droma=4 Adhakas = 1024 Mushfis or handfuls. The meaning of Adkaka, 102 VISHNU. XXIII, 38. 38. That (food) which has been nibbled by a bird (except a crow or other such birds that must not be eaten or touched), smelt at by a cow, sneezed on, or defiled by (human) hair, or by insects or worms, is purified by earth scattered over it.
2The meaning of Adkaka, 102 VISHNU. XXIII, 38. 38. That (food) which has been nibbled by a bird (except a crow or other such birds that must not be eaten or touched), smelt at by a cow, sneezed on, or defiled by (human) hair, or by insects or worms, is purified by earth scattered over it. 39. As long as the scent or moisture, caused by any unclean substance, remains on the defiled object, so long must earth and water be constantly applied in all purifications of inanimate objects. 40. A goat and a horse are pure, as regards their mouths, but not a cow, nor the impure excretions of a man’s body; roads are purified by the rays of the moon and of the sun, and by the winds. 41. Mire and water upon the high road, that has been touched by low-caste people, by dogs, or by crows, as well as buildings constructed with burnt bricks, are purified by the wind. 42. For everybody let him (the Aéarya or spiritual guide) carefully direct the performance of purificatory ceremonies, with earth and water, when he has been defiled in the highest degree. 43. Stagnant water, even if a single cow only has quenched her thirst with it, is pure, unless it is quite filled with (hair or other) unclean objects; it is the same with water upon a rock (or upon the top of a mountain). 44. From a well, in which a five-toed animal (whether man or beast, but not one of the five-toed however, according to Nand.’s observation, varies in different countries. See Colebrooke’s Essays, I, 533 seq. — 38. In explanation of the term amedhya, ‘ unclean substance,’ Nand. quotes the following passage of Devala, ‘Human bones, a corpse, excrements, semen, urine, the menstrual discharge, adeps, sweat, the rheum of the eyes, phlegm, and spirituous liquors are called unclean substances.’ XXIII, go. IMPURITY. 103 animals whose flesh may be eaten)! has died, or which has been defiled in the highest degree, he must take out all the waters and dry up the remainder with a cloth. 45. If it is a well constructed with burnt. bricks (or stones,) he must light a fire and afterwards throw Pajfidagavya into it, when fresh water is coming forth. 46. For small reservoirs of water and for ponds the same mode of purification has been prescribed as for wells, O Earth; but large tanks (excepting Tirthas) are not defiled (by dead animals, &c.) 47. The gods have declared, as peculiar to Brahmavzas, three causes effecting purity: if an (existing) impurity has not been perceived by them; if they sprinkle the object (supposed to be impure) with water; and if they commend it, in doubtful cases, with their speech, (saying, ‘This or that shall be pure.) 48. The hand of a (cook or other) artizan, things exposed for sale in a shop (though they may have passed through the hands of many customers), food given to a Brahmaza (by other Brahmazas, or by Kshatriyas, &c., but not by Sddras), and all manufactories or mines (of sugar, salt, and the like, but not distilleries of spirituous liquor), are always pure.
349. The mouth of a woman is always pure (for the purpose of a kiss); a bird is pure on the fall of fruit (which he has pecked); a sucking calf (or child), on the flowing of the milk; a dog, on his catching the deer. 50. Flesh of an animal which has been killed by dogs is pronounced pure; and so is that of an 44. 'See LI, 6. 104 VISHNU. XXIII, 51. animal slain by other carnivorous creatures (such as tigers) or by huntsmen such as Kandalas (Svapaéas, Kshattvzs, or other low-caste men). 51. The cavities above the navel must be considered as pure; those below it are impure; and so are all excretions that fall from the body. 52. Flies, saliva dropping from the mouth, a shadow, a cow, an elephant, a horse, sun-beams, dust, the earth, air, fire, and a cat are always pure. 53. Such drops as fall from the mouth of a man upon any part of his body do not render it impure, nor do hairs of the beard that enter his mouth, nor remnants of his food adhering to his teeth. 54. Drops which trickle on the feet of a man holding water for others to sip it, are considered as equal to waters springing from the earth: by them he is not soiled. 55. He who is anyhow touched by anything impure, while holding things in his hands, is purified by sipping water, without laying the things on the ground. 51. There are, according to Indian views, nine cavities or apertures of the body: the mouth, the two ears, the two nostrils, the two eyes, and the organs of excretion and generation. The two last are impure, the rest are pure. 55. Nand. and Kullfka (on M.V, 143) explain that hasta, ‘hand,’ here means ‘arm,’ as it would be impossible to sip water without using the hand. The former adds that, if the things are being carried with the hand, they must be placed in the cavity formed by the fore-arm. He refutes the opinion of the ‘Eastern Commentators, who, arguing from another Smrvti, contend that ‘the things have to be placed on the ground and to be sprinkled with water ; and he further tries to account for the seemingly contradictory rules propounded by Vasish/ha (Benares ed., III, 43) and Gautama (I, 28) by explaining that a large quantity of things should be laid on the ground, and a small quantity placed upon XXIII, 60. IMPURITY. 105 56. A house is purified by scouring it with a broom and plastering the ground with cow-dung, and a manuscript or book by sprinkling water over it. Land is cleansed by scouring, by plastering it with cow-dung, 57. By sprinkling1, by scraping, by burning, or by letting cows (or goats) pass (a day and a night) on it. Cows are auspicious purifiers, upon cows depend the worlds, 58. Cows alone make sacrificial oblations possible (by producing sacrificial butter), cows take away every sin. The urine of cows, their dung, clarified butter, milk, sour milk, and Gorofané :
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Vessels of white copper and iron, with ashes; 27. Wooden articles, by planing ; 28. Vessels made of fruits (such as cocoa-nuts, bottle-gourds, and Bel fruits), by (rubbing them with) cows’ hair. 29. Many things in a heap, by sprinkling water over them; 30. Liquids (such as clarified butter, milk, &c.), by straining them ; 17. ‘All the objects mentioned in Sftras 12-16 must be washed, but so as to avoid injuring them, in case they have been defiled by excrements or other such impure substances.’ (Nand.) 21. The term amsupa/fa has been rendered in accordance with Nand.’s interpretation, which agrees with Vigfi4nesvara’s (on Y. I, 186). Kullaka (on M.V, 120; see the Petersburg Dictionary) appears to refer it to two different sorts of clothes, 30-37. These Sfitras relate to defilement caused by insects, &c. (Nand.) XXIII, 37. IMPURITY. IOI 31. Lumps of sugar and other preparations from the sugar-cane!, stored up in large quantities (exceeding a Droza) and kept in one’s own house 2, by water and fire?; 32. All sorts of salt, in the same manner ; 33. Earthern vessels (if smeared with excrements and the like), by a second burning ; 34. Images of gods (if smeared), by cleansing them in the same way as the material (of which they are made is generally cleansed), and then installing them anew (in their former place). 35. Of undressed grain let him remove so much only as has been defiled, and the remainder let him pound in a mortar and wash. 36. A quantity of prepared grain not exceeding a Drowa is not spoiled by being defiled (by dogs, crows, and other unclean animals). 37. He must throw away thus much of it only as has been defiled, and must sprinkle over the remainder water, into which a piece of gold has been dropped, and over which the G4yatri has been pronounced, and must hold it up before a goat (or before a horse) and before the fire. 31. 1Such as raw sugar, candied sugar, &c.—*If there is no large quantity of them, they require to be sprinkled with water only; and if they are kept elsewhere than in the house, as if they are exposed for sale in a fair, they require no purification at all._— ’They must be encircled with fire, and sprinkled with water afterwards. (Nand.) 32. Nand. mentions as the main species of salt, rock-salt, seasalt, sochal-salt, and Sémbhala-salt. The last term refers perhaps to salt coming from the famous salt-lake of Sakambhart or Shambar in Ragputana. 37. ‘A quantity less than a Droza having been defiled must be thrown away, as stated by Pardsara.’ (Nand.) One Droma=4 Adhakas = 1024 Mushfis or handfuls. The meaning of Adkaka, 102 VISHNU. XXIII, 38. 38. That (food) which has been nibbled by a bird (except a crow or other such birds that must not be eaten or touched), smelt at by a cow, sneezed on, or defiled by (human) hair, or by insects or worms, is purified by earth scattered over it.
2The meaning of Adkaka, 102 VISHNU. XXIII, 38. 38. That (food) which has been nibbled by a bird (except a crow or other such birds that must not be eaten or touched), smelt at by a cow, sneezed on, or defiled by (human) hair, or by insects or worms, is purified by earth scattered over it. 39. As long as the scent or moisture, caused by any unclean substance, remains on the defiled object, so long must earth and water be constantly applied in all purifications of inanimate objects. 40. A goat and a horse are pure, as regards their mouths, but not a cow, nor the impure excretions of a man’s body; roads are purified by the rays of the moon and of the sun, and by the winds. 41. Mire and water upon the high road, that has been touched by low-caste people, by dogs, or by crows, as well as buildings constructed with burnt bricks, are purified by the wind. 42. For everybody let him (the Aéarya or spiritual guide) carefully direct the performance of purificatory ceremonies, with earth and water, when he has been defiled in the highest degree. 43. Stagnant water, even if a single cow only has quenched her thirst with it, is pure, unless it is quite filled with (hair or other) unclean objects; it is the same with water upon a rock (or upon the top of a mountain). 44. From a well, in which a five-toed animal (whether man or beast, but not one of the five-toed however, according to Nand.’s observation, varies in different countries. See Colebrooke’s Essays, I, 533 seq. — 38. In explanation of the term amedhya, ‘ unclean substance,’ Nand. quotes the following passage of Devala, ‘Human bones, a corpse, excrements, semen, urine, the menstrual discharge, adeps, sweat, the rheum of the eyes, phlegm, and spirituous liquors are called unclean substances.’ XXIII, go. IMPURITY. 103 animals whose flesh may be eaten)! has died, or which has been defiled in the highest degree, he must take out all the waters and dry up the remainder with a cloth. 45. If it is a well constructed with burnt. bricks (or stones,) he must light a fire and afterwards throw Pajfidagavya into it, when fresh water is coming forth. 46. For small reservoirs of water and for ponds the same mode of purification has been prescribed as for wells, O Earth; but large tanks (excepting Tirthas) are not defiled (by dead animals, &c.) 47. The gods have declared, as peculiar to Brahmavzas, three causes effecting purity: if an (existing) impurity has not been perceived by them; if they sprinkle the object (supposed to be impure) with water; and if they commend it, in doubtful cases, with their speech, (saying, ‘This or that shall be pure.) 48. The hand of a (cook or other) artizan, things exposed for sale in a shop (though they may have passed through the hands of many customers), food given to a Brahmaza (by other Brahmazas, or by Kshatriyas, &c., but not by Sddras), and all manufactories or mines (of sugar, salt, and the like, but not distilleries of spirituous liquor), are always pure.
349. The mouth of a woman is always pure (for the purpose of a kiss); a bird is pure on the fall of fruit (which he has pecked); a sucking calf (or child), on the flowing of the milk; a dog, on his catching the deer. 50. Flesh of an animal which has been killed by dogs is pronounced pure; and so is that of an 44. 'See LI, 6. 104 VISHNU. XXIII, 51. animal slain by other carnivorous creatures (such as tigers) or by huntsmen such as Kandalas (Svapaéas, Kshattvzs, or other low-caste men). 51. The cavities above the navel must be considered as pure; those below it are impure; and so are all excretions that fall from the body. 52. Flies, saliva dropping from the mouth, a shadow, a cow, an elephant, a horse, sun-beams, dust, the earth, air, fire, and a cat are always pure. 53. Such drops as fall from the mouth of a man upon any part of his body do not render it impure, nor do hairs of the beard that enter his mouth, nor remnants of his food adhering to his teeth. 54. Drops which trickle on the feet of a man holding water for others to sip it, are considered as equal to waters springing from the earth: by them he is not soiled. 55. He who is anyhow touched by anything impure, while holding things in his hands, is purified by sipping water, without laying the things on the ground. 51. There are, according to Indian views, nine cavities or apertures of the body: the mouth, the two ears, the two nostrils, the two eyes, and the organs of excretion and generation. The two last are impure, the rest are pure. 55. Nand. and Kullfka (on M.V, 143) explain that hasta, ‘hand,’ here means ‘arm,’ as it would be impossible to sip water without using the hand. The former adds that, if the things are being carried with the hand, they must be placed in the cavity formed by the fore-arm. He refutes the opinion of the ‘Eastern Commentators, who, arguing from another Smrvti, contend that ‘the things have to be placed on the ground and to be sprinkled with water ; and he further tries to account for the seemingly contradictory rules propounded by Vasish/ha (Benares ed., III, 43) and Gautama (I, 28) by explaining that a large quantity of things should be laid on the ground, and a small quantity placed upon XXIII, 60. IMPURITY. 105 56. A house is purified by scouring it with a broom and plastering the ground with cow-dung, and a manuscript or book by sprinkling water over it. Land is cleansed by scouring, by plastering it with cow-dung, 57. By sprinkling1, by scraping, by burning, or by letting cows (or goats) pass (a day and a night) on it. Cows are auspicious purifiers, upon cows depend the worlds, 58. Cows alone make sacrificial oblations possible (by producing sacrificial butter), cows take away every sin. The urine of cows, their dung, clarified butter, milk, sour milk, and Gorofané :
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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