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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
13. Appropriating to one’s self land belonging to a Brahmaza or a deposit (belonging to a Brahmawa and not consisting of gold) are crimes equal to a theft of gold (belonging to a Brahmamza). 4. Sexual connection with the wife of a paternal uncle, of a maternal grandfather, of a maternal uncle, of a father-in-law, or of the king, are crimes equal to sexual connection with a Guru's wife ; 5. And so is sexual intercourse with the father’s or mother’s sister and with one’s own sister ; 6. And sexual connection with the wife of a learned Brahmaza, or a priest, or an Upadhyaya, or a friend; 7. And with a sister’s female friend (or with one’s own female friend), with a woman of one’s own race, with a woman belonging to the Brahmamza caste, with a (Brahmaza) maiden (who is not yet betrothed to a man), with a low-caste woman, with a woman in her courses, with a woman come for protection, other places in accordance with that interpretation which is sanctioned by the majority among the commentators of law works. Nand., on the other hand, gives the preference to the opinion of those who render it by ‘a woman descended from or married to a man of the race of Atri.’ 2. ‘The term etau, “these,” is used in order to include the forgetting of Veda texts and other crimes, which are mentioned as equal to drinking spirituous liquor by Manu (XI, 57) and Y4gfiavalkya (ITI, 229).’ (Nand.) 5. ‘The particle 4a in this Sfitra refers to little girls, as ordained by Manu, XI, 59.’ (Nand.) XXXVII, 6. CRIMES. 135 with a female ascetic, and with a woman entrusted to one’s own care. 8. Such minor offenders become pure, like mortal sinners, by a horse-sacrifice and by visiting Tirthas. XXXVII. 1. Setting one’s self up by false statements (as by saying, ‘I have done this,’ or the like). 2. Making statements, which will reach the ears of the king, regarding a (minor) offence committed by some one; ~ 3. Unjustly upbraiding a Guru (as by saying, ‘You have neglected such a household duty’); 4. Reviling the Veda; 5. Forgetting the Veda texts, which one his studied ; 6. (Abandoning) one’s holy fire, or one’s father, mother, son, or wife; XXXVII. 1-34. M. XI, 56, 57, 60-67 ; Y. ILI, 228-230, 234- 242; Apast. I, 7, 2%, 12-17; Gaut. XXI, 11. — 35. M. XI, 118; Y. III, 265. 1. ‘ But if a man who does not know all the four Vedas says, in order to procure a valuable present or some other advantage, ‘I know the four Vedas,’ or if he says of another, his superior in caste or sacred knowledge, in order to prevent his receiving a valuable present, ‘This man is no Brahmama,’ or ‘He does not know anything,’ in all such cases his crime is equal to the killing of a Braéhmaza.’ (Nand.) 2. ‘ But giving information of a heavy crime constitutes a crime equal to the killing of a‘Brahmaza.’ (Nand.) 3. Guru means ‘father’ here. Heavy reproaches, as e.g. ifa son says to his father, ‘ You have made unequal shares in dividing the patrimony,’ are equal to killing a Brahmaza. (Nand.)
2‘ But giving information of a heavy crime constitutes a crime equal to the killing of a‘Brahmaza.’ (Nand.) 3. Guru means ‘father’ here. Heavy reproaches, as e.g. ifa son says to his father, ‘ You have made unequal shares in dividing the patrimony,’ are equal to killing a Brahmaza. (Nand.) 4. ‘But atheistical detracting from the authority of the Veda constitutes a crime equal to the drinking of spirituous liquor.’ (Nand.) 6. ‘The use of the particle 4a indicates that distant relatives are also intended here, as YAgiiavalkya, III, 239, states.’ (Nand.) 136 VISIINU. XXXVIL, 7. 7. Eating the food of those whose food may not be eaten, or forbidden food ; 8. Appropriating to one’s self (grain, copper, or other) goods of another man (but not his gold) ; g. Sexual intercourse with another man’s wife ; 10. Sacrificing for persons for whom it is forbidden to sacrifice (such as Sfdras, persons for whom the initiation has not been performed, and the like); 11. To live by a forbidden occupation (as, if a Brahmaza lives by the occupation of a Kshatriya, or of a Vaisya). " 12. Receiving unlawful presents ; 13. Killing a Kshatriya, or a Vaisya, or a Sddra, or a cow; 14. Selling articles that ought not to be sold (such as salt, lac, or others); 15. For an elder brother to suffer his younger brother to marry before him ; 16. For a younger brother to marry, though his elder brother is not yet married ; 17. To give a girl in marriage to either of those two (categories of offenders) ; 18. Or to perform the nuptial ceremony for them ; 19. To allow the proper time for the ceremony of initiation to pass without being initiated ; 10. ‘ But sacrificing for an outcast is a high crime.’ (Nand.) 12. This rule refers to receiving presents from an outcast or other person, whose gifts must not be accepted, to receiving improper gifts, such as a ram, or a black antelope, and to receiving presents at an improper place, such as Kurukshetra, or at an improper time, such as during an eclipse of the sun. The particle ka further refers to giving instruction to those who are not entitled to receive it, as Yama mentions. (Nand.) XXXVII, 34. CRIMES. 137 20. To teach the Veda for a reward (unless it be in an emergency) ; 21. To be taught by one who teaches the Veda for a reward (unless it be in an emergency) ; 22. To be employed (by the king’s order) in the working of mines of any sort (whether gold mines, or silver mines, or others, or manufactories); 23. To make large (sharp) instruments (such as instruments for piercing an elephant’s ear) ; 24. Cutting trees, shrubs, creepers, long climbing plants (such as vines), or herbs ; 25. Living by (prostituting) one’s own wife ; 26. Trying to overcome another by incantations (tending to kill him), or by forcible means ; 27. Performing the act (of cooking) for one’s own sole benefit ; 28. Not to have kindled one’s own sacred fire ;
3Living by (prostituting) one’s own wife ; 26. Trying to overcome another by incantations (tending to kill him), or by forcible means ; 27. Performing the act (of cooking) for one’s own sole benefit ; 28. Not to have kindled one’s own sacred fire ; 29. Omitting to pay one’s debts to the gods, Rishis, and manes (or sacrificing, study of the Veda, and propagation of one’s race) ; 30. Studying irreligious books ; 31. Atheism ; 32. Subsisting by a reprehensible art (such as dancing) ; 33. Intercourse with women who drink spirits ; 34. Thus have the crimes in the fourth degree been enumerated. 20. It is true that the above definition of an Upadhyaya (XXIX, 2) implies that teaching the Veda for a fee is no reprehensible act; but that permission has reference to cases of distress only. (Nand.) 26. Nand. asserts that the particle 4a is used here in order to include the performance of an Ahina sacrifice and of the other sinful acts mentioned by Manu, XI, 198. 31. Atheism (nastikata) consists in denying the existence of another life. (Nand.) 138 VISHNU. XXXVII, 35- 35. Such criminals in the fourth degree shall perform the Aandrayaza or Pardéka penances, or shall sacrifice a cow (as the case may require). XXXVI. 1. Causing (bodily) pain to a Brahmaza ; 2. Smelling at things which ought not to be smelt (such as excrements), or at spirituous liquor ; 3. Dishonest dealing ; 4. Sexual connection with cattle; 5. And (sexual connection) with a man (or unnatural intercourse with a woman): 6. Such are the crimes effecting loss of caste. 7. He who has knowingly committed one of the acts effecting loss of caste shall perform the Santapana! penance ; he who has done so unawares shall perform the Pragdpatya! penance. XXXIX. 1. Killing domestic or wild animals are crimes degrading to a mixed caste. 2. He who has committed a crime degrading to a mixed caste shall eat barley-gruel for a month (if he has committed it knowingly), or perform the penance Krzkkhratikvzkkhra (if he has committed it unawares). 35. Regarding the penances called Kandrayama and Paraka, see below, XLVIII and XLVII, 18. XXXVIII. 1-6. M. XI, 68. 7. 1See XLVI, 19, 10. XXXIX. 1. M. XI, 69. 2. Regarding the penance Krzkkhratikrékkhra, see XLVI, 13. ‘The use of the causative form kérayet indicates that he may XLI, 3. CRIMES, 139 XL. 1. Receiving anything from a (Mle&&Aa or other) despicable person (even though not as a present, but in the form of interest, &c.), traffic (even with articles that are not forbidden to sell), subsisting by money-lending (even without exceeding the legitimate rate of interest), telling lies (even though not in giving evidence), and serving a Sfdra (even though without doing servile acts for him) are crimes rendering unworthy to receive alms.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
13. Appropriating to one’s self land belonging to a Brahmaza or a deposit (belonging to a Brahmawa and not consisting of gold) are crimes equal to a theft of gold (belonging to a Brahmamza). 4. Sexual connection with the wife of a paternal uncle, of a maternal grandfather, of a maternal uncle, of a father-in-law, or of the king, are crimes equal to sexual connection with a Guru's wife ; 5. And so is sexual intercourse with the father’s or mother’s sister and with one’s own sister ; 6. And sexual connection with the wife of a learned Brahmaza, or a priest, or an Upadhyaya, or a friend; 7. And with a sister’s female friend (or with one’s own female friend), with a woman of one’s own race, with a woman belonging to the Brahmamza caste, with a (Brahmaza) maiden (who is not yet betrothed to a man), with a low-caste woman, with a woman in her courses, with a woman come for protection, other places in accordance with that interpretation which is sanctioned by the majority among the commentators of law works. Nand., on the other hand, gives the preference to the opinion of those who render it by ‘a woman descended from or married to a man of the race of Atri.’ 2. ‘The term etau, “these,” is used in order to include the forgetting of Veda texts and other crimes, which are mentioned as equal to drinking spirituous liquor by Manu (XI, 57) and Y4gfiavalkya (ITI, 229).’ (Nand.) 5. ‘The particle 4a in this Sfitra refers to little girls, as ordained by Manu, XI, 59.’ (Nand.) XXXVII, 6. CRIMES. 135 with a female ascetic, and with a woman entrusted to one’s own care. 8. Such minor offenders become pure, like mortal sinners, by a horse-sacrifice and by visiting Tirthas. XXXVII. 1. Setting one’s self up by false statements (as by saying, ‘I have done this,’ or the like). 2. Making statements, which will reach the ears of the king, regarding a (minor) offence committed by some one; ~ 3. Unjustly upbraiding a Guru (as by saying, ‘You have neglected such a household duty’); 4. Reviling the Veda; 5. Forgetting the Veda texts, which one his studied ; 6. (Abandoning) one’s holy fire, or one’s father, mother, son, or wife; XXXVII. 1-34. M. XI, 56, 57, 60-67 ; Y. ILI, 228-230, 234- 242; Apast. I, 7, 2%, 12-17; Gaut. XXI, 11. — 35. M. XI, 118; Y. III, 265. 1. ‘ But if a man who does not know all the four Vedas says, in order to procure a valuable present or some other advantage, ‘I know the four Vedas,’ or if he says of another, his superior in caste or sacred knowledge, in order to prevent his receiving a valuable present, ‘This man is no Brahmama,’ or ‘He does not know anything,’ in all such cases his crime is equal to the killing of a Braéhmaza.’ (Nand.) 2. ‘ But giving information of a heavy crime constitutes a crime equal to the killing of a‘Brahmaza.’ (Nand.) 3. Guru means ‘father’ here. Heavy reproaches, as e.g. ifa son says to his father, ‘ You have made unequal shares in dividing the patrimony,’ are equal to killing a Brahmaza. (Nand.)
2‘ But giving information of a heavy crime constitutes a crime equal to the killing of a‘Brahmaza.’ (Nand.) 3. Guru means ‘father’ here. Heavy reproaches, as e.g. ifa son says to his father, ‘ You have made unequal shares in dividing the patrimony,’ are equal to killing a Brahmaza. (Nand.) 4. ‘But atheistical detracting from the authority of the Veda constitutes a crime equal to the drinking of spirituous liquor.’ (Nand.) 6. ‘The use of the particle 4a indicates that distant relatives are also intended here, as YAgiiavalkya, III, 239, states.’ (Nand.) 136 VISIINU. XXXVIL, 7. 7. Eating the food of those whose food may not be eaten, or forbidden food ; 8. Appropriating to one’s self (grain, copper, or other) goods of another man (but not his gold) ; g. Sexual intercourse with another man’s wife ; 10. Sacrificing for persons for whom it is forbidden to sacrifice (such as Sfdras, persons for whom the initiation has not been performed, and the like); 11. To live by a forbidden occupation (as, if a Brahmaza lives by the occupation of a Kshatriya, or of a Vaisya). " 12. Receiving unlawful presents ; 13. Killing a Kshatriya, or a Vaisya, or a Sddra, or a cow; 14. Selling articles that ought not to be sold (such as salt, lac, or others); 15. For an elder brother to suffer his younger brother to marry before him ; 16. For a younger brother to marry, though his elder brother is not yet married ; 17. To give a girl in marriage to either of those two (categories of offenders) ; 18. Or to perform the nuptial ceremony for them ; 19. To allow the proper time for the ceremony of initiation to pass without being initiated ; 10. ‘ But sacrificing for an outcast is a high crime.’ (Nand.) 12. This rule refers to receiving presents from an outcast or other person, whose gifts must not be accepted, to receiving improper gifts, such as a ram, or a black antelope, and to receiving presents at an improper place, such as Kurukshetra, or at an improper time, such as during an eclipse of the sun. The particle ka further refers to giving instruction to those who are not entitled to receive it, as Yama mentions. (Nand.) XXXVII, 34. CRIMES. 137 20. To teach the Veda for a reward (unless it be in an emergency) ; 21. To be taught by one who teaches the Veda for a reward (unless it be in an emergency) ; 22. To be employed (by the king’s order) in the working of mines of any sort (whether gold mines, or silver mines, or others, or manufactories); 23. To make large (sharp) instruments (such as instruments for piercing an elephant’s ear) ; 24. Cutting trees, shrubs, creepers, long climbing plants (such as vines), or herbs ; 25. Living by (prostituting) one’s own wife ; 26. Trying to overcome another by incantations (tending to kill him), or by forcible means ; 27. Performing the act (of cooking) for one’s own sole benefit ; 28. Not to have kindled one’s own sacred fire ;
3Living by (prostituting) one’s own wife ; 26. Trying to overcome another by incantations (tending to kill him), or by forcible means ; 27. Performing the act (of cooking) for one’s own sole benefit ; 28. Not to have kindled one’s own sacred fire ; 29. Omitting to pay one’s debts to the gods, Rishis, and manes (or sacrificing, study of the Veda, and propagation of one’s race) ; 30. Studying irreligious books ; 31. Atheism ; 32. Subsisting by a reprehensible art (such as dancing) ; 33. Intercourse with women who drink spirits ; 34. Thus have the crimes in the fourth degree been enumerated. 20. It is true that the above definition of an Upadhyaya (XXIX, 2) implies that teaching the Veda for a fee is no reprehensible act; but that permission has reference to cases of distress only. (Nand.) 26. Nand. asserts that the particle 4a is used here in order to include the performance of an Ahina sacrifice and of the other sinful acts mentioned by Manu, XI, 198. 31. Atheism (nastikata) consists in denying the existence of another life. (Nand.) 138 VISHNU. XXXVII, 35- 35. Such criminals in the fourth degree shall perform the Aandrayaza or Pardéka penances, or shall sacrifice a cow (as the case may require). XXXVI. 1. Causing (bodily) pain to a Brahmaza ; 2. Smelling at things which ought not to be smelt (such as excrements), or at spirituous liquor ; 3. Dishonest dealing ; 4. Sexual connection with cattle; 5. And (sexual connection) with a man (or unnatural intercourse with a woman): 6. Such are the crimes effecting loss of caste. 7. He who has knowingly committed one of the acts effecting loss of caste shall perform the Santapana! penance ; he who has done so unawares shall perform the Pragdpatya! penance. XXXIX. 1. Killing domestic or wild animals are crimes degrading to a mixed caste. 2. He who has committed a crime degrading to a mixed caste shall eat barley-gruel for a month (if he has committed it knowingly), or perform the penance Krzkkhratikvzkkhra (if he has committed it unawares). 35. Regarding the penances called Kandrayama and Paraka, see below, XLVIII and XLVII, 18. XXXVIII. 1-6. M. XI, 68. 7. 1See XLVI, 19, 10. XXXIX. 1. M. XI, 69. 2. Regarding the penance Krzkkhratikrékkhra, see XLVI, 13. ‘The use of the causative form kérayet indicates that he may XLI, 3. CRIMES, 139 XL. 1. Receiving anything from a (Mle&&Aa or other) despicable person (even though not as a present, but in the form of interest, &c.), traffic (even with articles that are not forbidden to sell), subsisting by money-lending (even without exceeding the legitimate rate of interest), telling lies (even though not in giving evidence), and serving a Sfdra (even though without doing servile acts for him) are crimes rendering unworthy to receive alms.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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