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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Also, lords of every ten villages; g. And lords of every hundred villages ; 10. And lords of a whole district. 11. If any offence has been committed in a village, let the lord of that village suppress the evil (and give redress to those that have been wronged). 12. If he is unable to do so, let him announce it to the lord of ten villages ; 13. If he too is unable, let him announce it to the lord of a hundred villages ; 14. If he too is unable, let him announce it to the lord of the whole district. 15. The lord of the whole district must eradicate the evil to the best of his power. 16. Let the king appoint able officials for the working of his mines, for the levying of taxes and of the fares to be paid at ferries, and for his elephants and forests. 17, (Let him appoint) pious persons for performing acts of piety (such as bestowing gifts on the indigent, and the like); 18. Skilled men for financial business (such as examining gold and other precious metals) ; 11. See 67 and Dr. Biihler’s note on Apast. II, 10, 26, 8. 16. The term nagavana, which has been translated as a Dvandva compound, denoting elephants and forests, may also be taken to mean ‘forests in which there are elephants;’ or naga may mean ‘situated in the mountains’ or ‘a mountain fort.’ (Nand.) 18. Or, ‘he must appoint men skilled in logic as his advisers in knotty points of argument.’ (Nand.) 16 VISHNU. Il, 19. 19. Brave men for fighting ; 20. Stern men for acts of rigour (such as beating and killing) ; 21. Eunuchs for his wives (as their guardians). 22. He must take from his subjects as taxes a sixth part every year of the grain; 23. And (a sixth part) of all (other) seeds ; 24. Two in the hundred, of cattle, gold, and clothes ; 25. A sixth part of flesh, honey, clarified butter, herbs, perfumes, flowers, roots, fruits, liquids and condiments, wood, leaves (of the Palmyra tree and others), skins, earthen pots, stone vessels, and anything made of split bamboo. 26. Let him not levy any tax upon Brahmazas. 27. For they pay taxes to him in the shape of their pious acts. 28. A sixth part both of the virtuous deeds and of the iniquitous acts committed by his subjects goes to the king. 29. Let him take a tenth part of (the price of) marketable commodities (sold) in his own country ; 30. And a twentieth part of (the price of) goods (sold) in another country. 31. Any (seller or buyer) who (fraudulently) avoids a toll-house (situated on his road), shall lose all his goods. 23. This rule relates to Syamaka grain and other sorts of grain produced in the rainy season. (Nand.) 25. ‘Haradatta says that ‘‘a sixth part” means “a sixtieth part:” But this is wrong, as shown by M.VII, 131.’ (Nand.) Haradatta’s false interpretation was most likely called forth by Gaut. X, 24. Ill, 39. DUTIES OF A KING. 17 32. Artizans (such as blacksmiths), manual labourers (such as carpenters), and SQdras shall do work for the king for a day in each month.
2X, 24. Ill, 39. DUTIES OF A KING. 17 32. Artizans (such as blacksmiths), manual labourers (such as carpenters), and SQdras shall do work for the king for a day in each month. 33. The monarch, his council, his fortress, his treasure, his army, his realm, and his ally are the seven constituent elements of a state. 34. (The king) must punish those who try to subvert any one among them. 35. He must explore, by means of spies, both the state of his own kingdom and of his foe’s. 36. Let him show honour to the righteous ; 37. And let him punish the unrighteous. 38. Towards his (neighbour and natural) enemy, his ally (or the power next beyond his enemy), a neutral power (situated beyond the latter), and a power situated between (his natural enemy and an aggressive power)? let him adopt (alternately), as the occasion and the time require, (the four modes of obtaining success, viz.) negotiation, division, presents, and force of arms. 39. Let him have resort, as the time demands, to (the six measures of a military monarch, viz.) making alliance and waging war, marching to battle and sitting encamped, seeking the protection (of a more powerful king) and distributing his forces, 32. According to Nand., the particle 4a, ‘and,’ implies that servile persons, who get their substance from their employers, are also implied. See Manu VII, 138. 35. The particle 4a, according to Nand., is used in order to include the kingdoms of an ally and of a neutral prince. . 38.1 The term madhyama has been rendered according to Nand.’s and Kullfika’s (on M. VII, 155) interpretation of it. Kullaka, however, adds, as a further characteristic, that it denotes a prince, who is equal in strength to one foe, but no match for two when allied. ' - [7] c 18 _ VISHNU. III, 4o. 40. Let him set out on an expedition in the months of Xaitra or MArgasirsha ; 41. Or when some calamity has befallen his foe. 42. Having conquered the country of his foe, let him not abolish (or disregard) the laws of that country. 43. And when he has been attacked by his foe, let him protect his own realm to the best of his power. 44. There is no higher duty for men of the military caste, than to risk their life in battle. 45. Those who have been killed in protecting a cow, or a Brahmama, or a king, or a friend, or their own property, or their own wedded wife, or their own life, go to heaven. 46. Likewise, those (who have been killed) in trying to prevent mixture of castes (caused by adulterous connections). 47. A king having conquered the capital of his foe, should invest there a prince of the royal race of that country with the royal dignity. 48. Let him not extirpate the royal race ; 49. Unless the royal race be of ignoble descent, 50. He must not take delight in hunting, dice, women, and drinking ; 51. Nor in defamation and battery. 52. And let him not injure his own property (by bootless expenses).
348. Let him not extirpate the royal race ; 49. Unless the royal race be of ignoble descent, 50. He must not take delight in hunting, dice, women, and drinking ; 51. Nor in defamation and battery. 52. And let him not injure his own property (by bootless expenses). 53. He must not demolish (whether in his own town, or in the town of his foe conquered by him, 40. The particle va indicates, according to Nand., that he may also set out in the month Phalguna. III, 64. DUTIES OF A KING. 19 or in a fort) doors which had been built there before his time (by a former king). 54. He must not bestow largesses upon unworthy persons (such as dancers, eulogists, bards, and the like). 55. Of mines let him take the whole produce. 56. Of a treasure-trove he must give one half to the Brahmazas; 57. He may deposit the other half in his own treasury. 58. A Braéhmaza who has found a treasure may keep it entire. 59.. A Kshatriya (who has found a treasure) must give one fourth of it to the king, another fourth to the Brahmazas, and keep half of it to himself. 60. A Vaisya (who has found a treasure) must give a fourth part of it to the king, one half to the Brahmazas, and keep the (remaining fourth) part to himself. 61. A Sfdra who has found a treasure must divide it into twelve parts, and give five parts to the king, five parts to the Brahmazas, and keep two parts to himself. 62. Let the king compel him who (having found a treasure) does not announce it (to the king) and is found out afterwards, to give up the whole. 63. Of treasure anciently hidden by themselves let (members of) all castes, excepting Braéhmazas, give a twelfth part to the king. 64. The man who falsely claims property hidden by another to have been hidden by himself, shall be 63. This rule refers to a treasure, which has been found by some one and announced to the king. The original owner is ‘bound to prove his ownership. (Nand.) See M.VIII, 35. C 2 20 VISHNU. III, 65. condemned to pay a fine equal in amount to the property falsely claimed by him. 65. The king must protect the property of minors, of (blind, lame or other) helpless persons (who have no guide), and of women (without a guardian). 66. Having recovered goods stolen by thieves, let him restore them entire to their owners, to whatever caste they may belong. 67. If he has been unable to recover them, he must pay (their value) out of his own treasury. 68. Let him appease the onsets of fate by ceremonies averting evil omens and propitiatory ceremonies ; 69. And the onsets of his foe (let him repel) by force of arms. 70. Lethim appoint as Purohita (domestic priest) a man conversant with the Vedas, Epics, the Institutes of Sacred Law, and (the science of) what is useful in life, of a good family, not deficient in limb, and persistent in the practice of austerities. 71. And (let him appoint) ministers (to help and advise him) in all his affairs, who are pure, free from covetousness, attentive, and able.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Also, lords of every ten villages; g. And lords of every hundred villages ; 10. And lords of a whole district. 11. If any offence has been committed in a village, let the lord of that village suppress the evil (and give redress to those that have been wronged). 12. If he is unable to do so, let him announce it to the lord of ten villages ; 13. If he too is unable, let him announce it to the lord of a hundred villages ; 14. If he too is unable, let him announce it to the lord of the whole district. 15. The lord of the whole district must eradicate the evil to the best of his power. 16. Let the king appoint able officials for the working of his mines, for the levying of taxes and of the fares to be paid at ferries, and for his elephants and forests. 17, (Let him appoint) pious persons for performing acts of piety (such as bestowing gifts on the indigent, and the like); 18. Skilled men for financial business (such as examining gold and other precious metals) ; 11. See 67 and Dr. Biihler’s note on Apast. II, 10, 26, 8. 16. The term nagavana, which has been translated as a Dvandva compound, denoting elephants and forests, may also be taken to mean ‘forests in which there are elephants;’ or naga may mean ‘situated in the mountains’ or ‘a mountain fort.’ (Nand.) 18. Or, ‘he must appoint men skilled in logic as his advisers in knotty points of argument.’ (Nand.) 16 VISHNU. Il, 19. 19. Brave men for fighting ; 20. Stern men for acts of rigour (such as beating and killing) ; 21. Eunuchs for his wives (as their guardians). 22. He must take from his subjects as taxes a sixth part every year of the grain; 23. And (a sixth part) of all (other) seeds ; 24. Two in the hundred, of cattle, gold, and clothes ; 25. A sixth part of flesh, honey, clarified butter, herbs, perfumes, flowers, roots, fruits, liquids and condiments, wood, leaves (of the Palmyra tree and others), skins, earthen pots, stone vessels, and anything made of split bamboo. 26. Let him not levy any tax upon Brahmazas. 27. For they pay taxes to him in the shape of their pious acts. 28. A sixth part both of the virtuous deeds and of the iniquitous acts committed by his subjects goes to the king. 29. Let him take a tenth part of (the price of) marketable commodities (sold) in his own country ; 30. And a twentieth part of (the price of) goods (sold) in another country. 31. Any (seller or buyer) who (fraudulently) avoids a toll-house (situated on his road), shall lose all his goods. 23. This rule relates to Syamaka grain and other sorts of grain produced in the rainy season. (Nand.) 25. ‘Haradatta says that ‘‘a sixth part” means “a sixtieth part:” But this is wrong, as shown by M.VII, 131.’ (Nand.) Haradatta’s false interpretation was most likely called forth by Gaut. X, 24. Ill, 39. DUTIES OF A KING. 17 32. Artizans (such as blacksmiths), manual labourers (such as carpenters), and SQdras shall do work for the king for a day in each month.
2X, 24. Ill, 39. DUTIES OF A KING. 17 32. Artizans (such as blacksmiths), manual labourers (such as carpenters), and SQdras shall do work for the king for a day in each month. 33. The monarch, his council, his fortress, his treasure, his army, his realm, and his ally are the seven constituent elements of a state. 34. (The king) must punish those who try to subvert any one among them. 35. He must explore, by means of spies, both the state of his own kingdom and of his foe’s. 36. Let him show honour to the righteous ; 37. And let him punish the unrighteous. 38. Towards his (neighbour and natural) enemy, his ally (or the power next beyond his enemy), a neutral power (situated beyond the latter), and a power situated between (his natural enemy and an aggressive power)? let him adopt (alternately), as the occasion and the time require, (the four modes of obtaining success, viz.) negotiation, division, presents, and force of arms. 39. Let him have resort, as the time demands, to (the six measures of a military monarch, viz.) making alliance and waging war, marching to battle and sitting encamped, seeking the protection (of a more powerful king) and distributing his forces, 32. According to Nand., the particle 4a, ‘and,’ implies that servile persons, who get their substance from their employers, are also implied. See Manu VII, 138. 35. The particle 4a, according to Nand., is used in order to include the kingdoms of an ally and of a neutral prince. . 38.1 The term madhyama has been rendered according to Nand.’s and Kullfika’s (on M. VII, 155) interpretation of it. Kullaka, however, adds, as a further characteristic, that it denotes a prince, who is equal in strength to one foe, but no match for two when allied. ' - [7] c 18 _ VISHNU. III, 4o. 40. Let him set out on an expedition in the months of Xaitra or MArgasirsha ; 41. Or when some calamity has befallen his foe. 42. Having conquered the country of his foe, let him not abolish (or disregard) the laws of that country. 43. And when he has been attacked by his foe, let him protect his own realm to the best of his power. 44. There is no higher duty for men of the military caste, than to risk their life in battle. 45. Those who have been killed in protecting a cow, or a Brahmama, or a king, or a friend, or their own property, or their own wedded wife, or their own life, go to heaven. 46. Likewise, those (who have been killed) in trying to prevent mixture of castes (caused by adulterous connections). 47. A king having conquered the capital of his foe, should invest there a prince of the royal race of that country with the royal dignity. 48. Let him not extirpate the royal race ; 49. Unless the royal race be of ignoble descent, 50. He must not take delight in hunting, dice, women, and drinking ; 51. Nor in defamation and battery. 52. And let him not injure his own property (by bootless expenses).
348. Let him not extirpate the royal race ; 49. Unless the royal race be of ignoble descent, 50. He must not take delight in hunting, dice, women, and drinking ; 51. Nor in defamation and battery. 52. And let him not injure his own property (by bootless expenses). 53. He must not demolish (whether in his own town, or in the town of his foe conquered by him, 40. The particle va indicates, according to Nand., that he may also set out in the month Phalguna. III, 64. DUTIES OF A KING. 19 or in a fort) doors which had been built there before his time (by a former king). 54. He must not bestow largesses upon unworthy persons (such as dancers, eulogists, bards, and the like). 55. Of mines let him take the whole produce. 56. Of a treasure-trove he must give one half to the Brahmazas; 57. He may deposit the other half in his own treasury. 58. A Braéhmaza who has found a treasure may keep it entire. 59.. A Kshatriya (who has found a treasure) must give one fourth of it to the king, another fourth to the Brahmazas, and keep half of it to himself. 60. A Vaisya (who has found a treasure) must give a fourth part of it to the king, one half to the Brahmazas, and keep the (remaining fourth) part to himself. 61. A Sfdra who has found a treasure must divide it into twelve parts, and give five parts to the king, five parts to the Brahmazas, and keep two parts to himself. 62. Let the king compel him who (having found a treasure) does not announce it (to the king) and is found out afterwards, to give up the whole. 63. Of treasure anciently hidden by themselves let (members of) all castes, excepting Braéhmazas, give a twelfth part to the king. 64. The man who falsely claims property hidden by another to have been hidden by himself, shall be 63. This rule refers to a treasure, which has been found by some one and announced to the king. The original owner is ‘bound to prove his ownership. (Nand.) See M.VIII, 35. C 2 20 VISHNU. III, 65. condemned to pay a fine equal in amount to the property falsely claimed by him. 65. The king must protect the property of minors, of (blind, lame or other) helpless persons (who have no guide), and of women (without a guardian). 66. Having recovered goods stolen by thieves, let him restore them entire to their owners, to whatever caste they may belong. 67. If he has been unable to recover them, he must pay (their value) out of his own treasury. 68. Let him appease the onsets of fate by ceremonies averting evil omens and propitiatory ceremonies ; 69. And the onsets of his foe (let him repel) by force of arms. 70. Lethim appoint as Purohita (domestic priest) a man conversant with the Vedas, Epics, the Institutes of Sacred Law, and (the science of) what is useful in life, of a good family, not deficient in limb, and persistent in the practice of austerities. 71. And (let him appoint) ministers (to help and advise him) in all his affairs, who are pure, free from covetousness, attentive, and able.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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