Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1In my translation I follow their interpretation both times. BOOK I, LECTURE 5, CHAPTER I. 281 There the cruel punishers have lighted four fires, and roast the sinners; they are roasted there like fishes put on the fire alive. (13) The prisoners in hell come to the dreadful place called Santakshama' (i.e. cutting), where the cruel punishers tie their hands and feet, and with axes in their hands cut them like wooden planks. (14) And they turn the writhing victims round, and stew them, like living fishes, in an iron caldron filled with their own blood, their limbs covered with ordure, their heads smashed. (15) They are not reduced to ashes there, and they do not die of their enormous pains; undergoing this punishment?, the miserable men suffer for their misdeeds. (16) And there in the place, where there is constant shivering, they resort to a large burning fire; but they find no relief in that place of torture; the tormentors torture them still *. (17) There is heard everywhere the noise of painfully uttered cries even as in the street of a town. Those whose bad Karman takes effect (viz. the punishers), violently torment again and again those whose bad Karman takes effect also (viz. the punished). (18) They deprive the sinner of his life; I shall truly tell you how this is done. The wicked (punishers) remind by (similar) punishment (their victims) of all sins they had committed in a former life‘. (19) Being killed they are thrown into a hell which is 1 Here and in similar places the commentators do not take the word as a proper name, but as an epithet. * Anubhaga. > Or, with burning fire they roast them. * See Uttaradhyayana XIX, 69 ff., above p. 96. 282 SOTRAKRITANGA. full of boiling filth. There they stay eating filth, and they are eaten by vermin. (20) And there is an always crowded, hot place, which men deserve for their great sins, and which is full of misery’. (The punishers) put them in shackles, beat their bodies, and torment them (by perforating) their skulls with drills. (21) They cut off the sinner’s nose with a razor, they cut off both his ears and lips; they pull out his tongue a span’s length and torment (him by piercing it) with sharp pikes, (22) There the sinners dripping (with blood) whine day and night even as the dry leaves of a palm-tree (agitated by the wind). Their blood, matter, and flesh are dropping off while they are roasted, their bodies being besmeared with natron. (23) Have you heard of the large, erected caldron of more than man’s size, full of blood and matter, which is extremely heated by a fresh fire, in which blood and matter are boiling ? (24) The sinners are thrown into it and boiled there, while they utter horrid cries of agony; they are made to drink molten lead and copper when they are thirsty, and they shriek still more horribly. (25)
2(24) The sinners are thrown into it and boiled there, while they utter horrid cries of agony; they are made to drink molten lead and copper when they are thirsty, and they shriek still more horribly. (25) Those evildoers who have here forfeited their souls’ (happiness) for the sake of small (pleasures), and have been born in the lowest births during hundred thousands of ‘former years,’ will stay in this (hell), Their punishment will be adequate to their deeds. (26) The wicked who have committed crimes will 1 Compare note on verse 12. The same lines recur in the next chapter, verse 13. The commentator gives the same explanation there as here. _ BOOK I, LECTURE 5, CHAPTER 2. 283 atone for them, deprived of all pleasant and lovely objects, by dwelling in the stinking crowded hell, a scene of pain, which is full of flesh (&c.). (27) Thus I say. SECOND CHAPTER. I shall now truly tell you another kind of perpetual suffering, how the sinners who have committed crimes suffer for the deeds they have done in their former lives. (1) Tying their hands and feet the (punishers) cut open their belly with razors and knives; taking hold of the mangled body of the sinner, they forcibly tear the skin off his back. (2) They cut off his arms at the armpits ; they force his mouth wide open and scald it; they yoke the sinner to a car and drive him, and growing angry! they pierce his back with a goad. (3) The (sinners) walk over ground burning and glowing like red-hot iron; scorched they shriek horribly, being urged on with arrows? and put to a red-hot yoke. (4) The sinners are driven over slippery ground which is like a road of red-hot iron; in this dreadful place (the ministers of hell) make them go forward like slaves (beating them) with sticks. (5) Proceeding in this intolerable (hell) they are crushed by rocks tumbling down. There is the 1 Arussa = drushya, here and in a similar passage (verse 15) the commentators explain it, ‘making him angry, exasperating him.’ They have misunderstood rahamsi in the second line, rendering it rahasi; it is of course = rathé. 2 Usu = ishu, explained by 4ravisésha ‘a kind of awl.’ 284 SOTRAKRITANGA. (caldron) Sant4pant?, where evildoers suffer for a long time. (6) They throw the sinners into caldrons and boil them; scalded they rise thence again; devilish crows * feed on them and (so do) other beasts having claws devour them. (7) There is a place of smokeless fire in the form of a pile* where (the sinners) greatly distressed shriek horribly ; head downwards they are lacerated and cut into pieces with iron knives. (8) Tied up and skinned they are devoured by steelnebbed birds ; it is the hell called Samgtvant, where life is long, and where men of an evil mind are tortured. (9) The (punishers) pierce them with sharp pikes as people do with a captured pig. Transfixed by a pike the (sinners) shriek horribly ; suffering both (bodily and mentally) they feel nothing but pains. (10)
3(9) The (punishers) pierce them with sharp pikes as people do with a captured pig. Transfixed by a pike the (sinners) shriek horribly ; suffering both (bodily and mentally) they feel nothing but pains. (10) There is a great place always on fire, where fires burn without fuel; there for a long time stay the evildoers shrieking aloud. (11) Setting on fire large piles, they thrust into them (a sinner) who will ery horribly; as butter thrown in the fire melts, so does the evildoer there. (12) And there is an always crowded, hot place which one deserves for one’s great sins, and which is full of misery. There (the punishers) tie (the sinner’s) ? Or, it is (the hell) called Santapan?. My translation in the text agrees with Silanka’s interpretation. * Compare Uttaradhyayana XIX, 58, p. 95. * Samfsiyam nfima. This might also be rendered, ‘called Samuééifrita.’ But the commentators do not take samfsiya for a proper name. BOOK I, LECTURE 5, CHAPTER 2. 285 hands and feet, and belabour him with sticks like an enemy. (13) They break the sinner’s back with a weapon, and smash his skull with iron clubs; their bodies are split and sawn like a plank; and tortured with red-hot awls (the sinners) are subjected (to cruelties). (14) Cruel evildoers}, urged on with arrows, and put to work (by the punishers), carry burdens in the way of elephants; two or three (punishers) get on one (victim) and growing angry? hurt his vital parts. (15) The sinners are driven over the large, slippery, and thorny ground; tightly bound with straps® they lose their senses; the revenging (punishers) cut them into pieces‘, and throw them about like a bali-sacrifice. (16) There is a dreadful mountain towering high up in the air, called Vaitdlika®, where the evildoers are tortured for more than a thousand hours. (17) Tortured, the sinners shriek, suffering day and night; in this horrid, great hell, which is full of implements of torture, they are put to a cruel death. (18) Full of wrath, like their enemies in a former life, 1 Ruddaas4hukammf = raudra-as4dhu-karmazah, Silanka thinks that the ministers of hell are meant; but then the verse will not construe. * See note on verse 3. ® Vivaddhatappéhimw, in a marginal gloss, explained: baddhva darmabandhanaiz. But it might also be vivrzddhatapaiz ‘ under increased tortures.’ * Kof/a = kusayitvaé. 5 VétAliya. The commentators render it vaikriya ‘ produced by magic,’ and moreover explain the word as an epithet, not as a proper name. 286 SOTRAKRITANGA. (the punishers) crush them with hammers and clubs. With mangled bodies, and vomiting blood, they fall to the ground, head foremost. (19) There are the ever hungry!, savage, always wrathful, great jackals by whom the evildoers bound with shackles are devoured. (20) There is the dreadful, slimy river, which is always flowing and full of molten iron; in this very dreadful river (the sinners) must descend one by one*. (21)
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1In my translation I follow their interpretation both times. BOOK I, LECTURE 5, CHAPTER I. 281 There the cruel punishers have lighted four fires, and roast the sinners; they are roasted there like fishes put on the fire alive. (13) The prisoners in hell come to the dreadful place called Santakshama' (i.e. cutting), where the cruel punishers tie their hands and feet, and with axes in their hands cut them like wooden planks. (14) And they turn the writhing victims round, and stew them, like living fishes, in an iron caldron filled with their own blood, their limbs covered with ordure, their heads smashed. (15) They are not reduced to ashes there, and they do not die of their enormous pains; undergoing this punishment?, the miserable men suffer for their misdeeds. (16) And there in the place, where there is constant shivering, they resort to a large burning fire; but they find no relief in that place of torture; the tormentors torture them still *. (17) There is heard everywhere the noise of painfully uttered cries even as in the street of a town. Those whose bad Karman takes effect (viz. the punishers), violently torment again and again those whose bad Karman takes effect also (viz. the punished). (18) They deprive the sinner of his life; I shall truly tell you how this is done. The wicked (punishers) remind by (similar) punishment (their victims) of all sins they had committed in a former life‘. (19) Being killed they are thrown into a hell which is 1 Here and in similar places the commentators do not take the word as a proper name, but as an epithet. * Anubhaga. > Or, with burning fire they roast them. * See Uttaradhyayana XIX, 69 ff., above p. 96. 282 SOTRAKRITANGA. full of boiling filth. There they stay eating filth, and they are eaten by vermin. (20) And there is an always crowded, hot place, which men deserve for their great sins, and which is full of misery’. (The punishers) put them in shackles, beat their bodies, and torment them (by perforating) their skulls with drills. (21) They cut off the sinner’s nose with a razor, they cut off both his ears and lips; they pull out his tongue a span’s length and torment (him by piercing it) with sharp pikes, (22) There the sinners dripping (with blood) whine day and night even as the dry leaves of a palm-tree (agitated by the wind). Their blood, matter, and flesh are dropping off while they are roasted, their bodies being besmeared with natron. (23) Have you heard of the large, erected caldron of more than man’s size, full of blood and matter, which is extremely heated by a fresh fire, in which blood and matter are boiling ? (24) The sinners are thrown into it and boiled there, while they utter horrid cries of agony; they are made to drink molten lead and copper when they are thirsty, and they shriek still more horribly. (25)
2(24) The sinners are thrown into it and boiled there, while they utter horrid cries of agony; they are made to drink molten lead and copper when they are thirsty, and they shriek still more horribly. (25) Those evildoers who have here forfeited their souls’ (happiness) for the sake of small (pleasures), and have been born in the lowest births during hundred thousands of ‘former years,’ will stay in this (hell), Their punishment will be adequate to their deeds. (26) The wicked who have committed crimes will 1 Compare note on verse 12. The same lines recur in the next chapter, verse 13. The commentator gives the same explanation there as here. _ BOOK I, LECTURE 5, CHAPTER 2. 283 atone for them, deprived of all pleasant and lovely objects, by dwelling in the stinking crowded hell, a scene of pain, which is full of flesh (&c.). (27) Thus I say. SECOND CHAPTER. I shall now truly tell you another kind of perpetual suffering, how the sinners who have committed crimes suffer for the deeds they have done in their former lives. (1) Tying their hands and feet the (punishers) cut open their belly with razors and knives; taking hold of the mangled body of the sinner, they forcibly tear the skin off his back. (2) They cut off his arms at the armpits ; they force his mouth wide open and scald it; they yoke the sinner to a car and drive him, and growing angry! they pierce his back with a goad. (3) The (sinners) walk over ground burning and glowing like red-hot iron; scorched they shriek horribly, being urged on with arrows? and put to a red-hot yoke. (4) The sinners are driven over slippery ground which is like a road of red-hot iron; in this dreadful place (the ministers of hell) make them go forward like slaves (beating them) with sticks. (5) Proceeding in this intolerable (hell) they are crushed by rocks tumbling down. There is the 1 Arussa = drushya, here and in a similar passage (verse 15) the commentators explain it, ‘making him angry, exasperating him.’ They have misunderstood rahamsi in the second line, rendering it rahasi; it is of course = rathé. 2 Usu = ishu, explained by 4ravisésha ‘a kind of awl.’ 284 SOTRAKRITANGA. (caldron) Sant4pant?, where evildoers suffer for a long time. (6) They throw the sinners into caldrons and boil them; scalded they rise thence again; devilish crows * feed on them and (so do) other beasts having claws devour them. (7) There is a place of smokeless fire in the form of a pile* where (the sinners) greatly distressed shriek horribly ; head downwards they are lacerated and cut into pieces with iron knives. (8) Tied up and skinned they are devoured by steelnebbed birds ; it is the hell called Samgtvant, where life is long, and where men of an evil mind are tortured. (9) The (punishers) pierce them with sharp pikes as people do with a captured pig. Transfixed by a pike the (sinners) shriek horribly ; suffering both (bodily and mentally) they feel nothing but pains. (10)
3(9) The (punishers) pierce them with sharp pikes as people do with a captured pig. Transfixed by a pike the (sinners) shriek horribly ; suffering both (bodily and mentally) they feel nothing but pains. (10) There is a great place always on fire, where fires burn without fuel; there for a long time stay the evildoers shrieking aloud. (11) Setting on fire large piles, they thrust into them (a sinner) who will ery horribly; as butter thrown in the fire melts, so does the evildoer there. (12) And there is an always crowded, hot place which one deserves for one’s great sins, and which is full of misery. There (the punishers) tie (the sinner’s) ? Or, it is (the hell) called Santapan?. My translation in the text agrees with Silanka’s interpretation. * Compare Uttaradhyayana XIX, 58, p. 95. * Samfsiyam nfima. This might also be rendered, ‘called Samuééifrita.’ But the commentators do not take samfsiya for a proper name. BOOK I, LECTURE 5, CHAPTER 2. 285 hands and feet, and belabour him with sticks like an enemy. (13) They break the sinner’s back with a weapon, and smash his skull with iron clubs; their bodies are split and sawn like a plank; and tortured with red-hot awls (the sinners) are subjected (to cruelties). (14) Cruel evildoers}, urged on with arrows, and put to work (by the punishers), carry burdens in the way of elephants; two or three (punishers) get on one (victim) and growing angry? hurt his vital parts. (15) The sinners are driven over the large, slippery, and thorny ground; tightly bound with straps® they lose their senses; the revenging (punishers) cut them into pieces‘, and throw them about like a bali-sacrifice. (16) There is a dreadful mountain towering high up in the air, called Vaitdlika®, where the evildoers are tortured for more than a thousand hours. (17) Tortured, the sinners shriek, suffering day and night; in this horrid, great hell, which is full of implements of torture, they are put to a cruel death. (18) Full of wrath, like their enemies in a former life, 1 Ruddaas4hukammf = raudra-as4dhu-karmazah, Silanka thinks that the ministers of hell are meant; but then the verse will not construe. * See note on verse 3. ® Vivaddhatappéhimw, in a marginal gloss, explained: baddhva darmabandhanaiz. But it might also be vivrzddhatapaiz ‘ under increased tortures.’ * Kof/a = kusayitvaé. 5 VétAliya. The commentators render it vaikriya ‘ produced by magic,’ and moreover explain the word as an epithet, not as a proper name. 286 SOTRAKRITANGA. (the punishers) crush them with hammers and clubs. With mangled bodies, and vomiting blood, they fall to the ground, head foremost. (19) There are the ever hungry!, savage, always wrathful, great jackals by whom the evildoers bound with shackles are devoured. (20) There is the dreadful, slimy river, which is always flowing and full of molten iron; in this very dreadful river (the sinners) must descend one by one*. (21)
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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