Fetching
One moment.
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One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1(140) 141-145 =132-136. (Substitute ‘beings with three organs of sense.’ The longest duration, ¢ &c., is forty-nine days, verse 142 = 133.) i. Beings with four organs of sense are » of two kinds : subtile and gross ones. Both are either ? Kunthu or animalcules are also called Anuddharf, see concerning them, Kalpa Sfitra, Rules for Yatis, § 44, part i, p. 304.— I give in the text the Praékrit form of the words I cannot identify. ? M4lfika is the name of a plant, Ocimum Sanctum. It must, of course, here denote some animal.—The Givavitdra enumerates many other animals, lice, bugs, different kinds of larvae living in dung, corn, &c.—The trimah4ra, kash/hah4ra, and patrahara seem to denote different kinds of ants. LECTURE XXXVI. 221 developed or undeveloped. Learn from me their subdivision. (146) Andhiya, Pottiy4, flies, mosquitoes, bees, moths, Dhinkava and Kankana; (147) Kukkuda’, Singirtait, Nand4vatta’, scorpions, Déla, crickets, Viralt, AZé#hivéhaya; (148) A&khila, Sahaya A&&hirédaya, Vikitta, Vikittapattaya*, Uhimgaliya, Galakari, Nitya, and Tantavagaiya. (149) These and others are the beings with four organs of sense. All of them, &c. (the rest as in verses 131- 136. Substitute ‘ beings with four organs of sense.’ The longest duration, &c., is six months, verse 152 = 133). (150-155) iv. Beings with five organs of sense are of four kinds: denizens of hell, animals‘, men, and gods, (156). a. Denizens of hell are of seven kinds according to the seven hells; they are called Ratndbha, Sarkarabha, Valukabha; (157) Pankabha, Dhtimd4bha, Tama, and Tamatamé. Thus the seven kinds of denizens of hell have been enumerated, (158) All the (denizens of hell) live in a part of the ' Kukku/a is given in the dictionaries as the name of a small lizard. ; * Nandy4varta occurs elsewhere as the name of a particular fish, and of a shell. It can be neither of these in our passage, as both animals belong to other classes than the Xaturindriyas. 5 Etymologically : with many-coloured wings. Probably butterflies are intended. * Tirikkha=tiryak. Apparently only the higher animals are intended by this term, the lower animals, from the insects downwards, being enumerated in the preceding classes of beings. 222 UTTARADHYAYANA. world only; they do not live everywhere, &c. (as in verses 79 and 80). (159, 160) In the first hell the longest duration of their life is one Sagarépam4; the shortest is ten thousand years. (161) In the second hell the longest duration of their life is three Sagarépam4s; the shortest is one Sagarépam4'. (162) In the third hell the longest duration of their life is seven Sagarépamas; the shortest is three SAgarépamés. (163) In the fourth hell the longest duration of their life is ten Sdgarédpam4s; the shortest is seven Sagarépamas. (164) In the fifth hell the longest duration of their life is seventeen Sagarédpam4s; the shortest is ten Sagarépaméas. (165)
2(163) In the fourth hell the longest duration of their life is ten Sdgarédpam4s; the shortest is seven Sagarépamas. (164) In the fifth hell the longest duration of their life is seventeen Sagarédpam4s; the shortest is ten Sagarépaméas. (165) In the sixth hell the longest duration of their life _ is twenty-two SagardépamAs; the shortest is seventeen Sagarépamas. (166) In the seventh hell the longest duration of their life is thirty-three Sagarépam4s; the shortest is twenty-two Sagarépamas. (167) The length of the life of denizens of helt is also that of their continuance in the same kind of body, with regard both to the longest and shortest duration of it. (168) Verses 169, 170= 83, 84. (Substitute, denizens of hell.) 6. The animals which possess five organs of sense are of two kinds, those which originate by gene- * It will be seen that the longest duration of life in each hell is always equal to the shortest in the preceding one. LECTURE XXXVI. 223 ratio aequivoca’, and those which are born from the womb. (171) Either of them are again of three kinds: 1. aquatic, 2. terrestrial, and 3. aerial animals. Learn from me their subdivision. (172) 1. Fishes, tortoises, crocodiles, Makaras, and Gangetic porpoises are the five kinds of aquatic animals, (173) 174, 175 =159, 160. The longest duration of the life of aquatic animals is one Krore of former years *; the shortest is less than one muhfrta. (176) The longest duration of the aquatic animals’ continuance in the (same kind of body) is from two to nine ® Krores of former years. (177) 178 = 83. 2. Quadrupeds and reptiles are the two kinds of terrestrial animals. The quadrupeds are of four kinds; listen to my description of them: (179) (1) Solidungular animals, as horses, &c. ; (2) Biungular animals, as cows, &c.; (3) Multiungular animals, as elephants, &c.; (4) Animals having toes with nails, as lions, &c. (180) The reptiles are of two kinds: 1. those which walk on their arms, as lizards, &c., and 2. those which move on their breast, as snakes, &c. Both are again of many kinds. (181) 1 Sammfrkhkima. They grow by assimilating the materials in their surrounding. According to a second explanation, their internal organ does not fully develop. * See page 16, note 1. * This is, according to the Avaffri, the meaning of puhuttam prithaktvam. 224 UTTARADHYAYANA. 182, 183 =159, 160. The longest duration of the life of terrestrial animals is three Palyépam4s; the shortest is less than one muharta, (184) The longest duration of the terrestrial animals’ continuance in the (same kind of) body is three Palyépamas plus from two to nine Krores of former years; the shortest is less than one muhirta. (185) 186 = 83. 3. Winged animals are of four kinds: those with membranous wings', those with feathered wings, those with wings in the shape of a box’, and those (which sit on) outspread wings *, (187) 188, 189 = 159, 160,
3(185) 186 = 83. 3. Winged animals are of four kinds: those with membranous wings', those with feathered wings, those with wings in the shape of a box’, and those (which sit on) outspread wings *, (187) 188, 189 = 159, 160, The longest duration of the life of aerial animals is an Asamkhyéya-part of a PalySpam4‘; the shortest is less than one muharta. (190) The longest duration (of the aerial animals’ continuance in the same kind of body) is an Asamkhyéya-part of a Palyépam4 plus from two to nine Krores of former years; the shortest is less than one muhirta. (191) 192, 193 =159, 160. c. Men are of two kinds; listen to my description of them: men originating by generatio aequivoca’, and men born from the womb. (194) Those who are born from the womb are of three 1 E.g. the Aarmaka/akas or bats. * Samudga. These interesting birds are said to live outside the Manushéttara, or world inhabited by men. 3 The comm. do not tell us what kind of birds is intended. ‘ The comm. do not explain this expression; the meaning, therefore, is doubtful. I give a literal translation of it in this and the next verse. ° See page 223, note 1, on verse 171. LECTURE XXXVI. 225 kinds: those living in the Karmabhidmi', those living in the Akarmabhdmi, and those living on the minor continents ?. (195) They have, in the same order, fifteen ?, thirty 4, and twenty-eight subdivisions. These are the numbers handed down. (196) Men originating by generatio aequivoca are of as many kinds. They all live but in a part of the world. (197) Verses 198-202 = 183-186. (Substitute, ‘men’ for ‘ terrestrial animals.’) @d. Gods are of four kinds ; listen to my description of them: 1. Bhauméyikas; 2. Vyantaras; 3. Gyétishkas ; 4. Vaimanikas. (203) There are ten kinds of Bhavanavdsins (= Bhauméyikas), eight of those who live in woods (= Vyantaras), five of Gyétishkas, and two of Vaiménikas. (204) 1. The Bhavanavisins are: the Asura-, Naga-, Suvarna-, Vidyut-, Agni-, Dvipa-, Udadhi-, V4ta-, and Ghazika-(Kumaras‘°). (205) 2. The eight kinds of Vyantaras are: Pisaéas, 2 Concerning Karmabhfimi, see part i, p. 195, note 1. The Ava- Adri places the Akarmabhfimi first, but the next verse proves that it originally stood in the second place. * These are seven groups of islands situated off the eastern and western ends of the Himflaya, which are inhabited by fabulous races. ® According to the Avaffri, there are five kinds in Bharata, five in Airfvata, and five in Vidéha. “ Viz. five in each of the six Akarmabhimis: Haimavata, Harivarsha, Hairanyavata, Dévakuru, and Uttarakuru. 5 According to the commentaries the word kum4ra is to be supplied after each of the ten names. (45) Q 226 UTTARADHYAYANA. Bhitas, Yakshas, Rakshasas, Kinnaras, Kimpurushas, Mahéragas, and Gandharvas. (206) 3. The moons, the suns, the Nakshatras, the planets, and the hosts of stars are the fivefold dwellings of the Gydtishkas. (207)
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1(140) 141-145 =132-136. (Substitute ‘beings with three organs of sense.’ The longest duration, ¢ &c., is forty-nine days, verse 142 = 133.) i. Beings with four organs of sense are » of two kinds : subtile and gross ones. Both are either ? Kunthu or animalcules are also called Anuddharf, see concerning them, Kalpa Sfitra, Rules for Yatis, § 44, part i, p. 304.— I give in the text the Praékrit form of the words I cannot identify. ? M4lfika is the name of a plant, Ocimum Sanctum. It must, of course, here denote some animal.—The Givavitdra enumerates many other animals, lice, bugs, different kinds of larvae living in dung, corn, &c.—The trimah4ra, kash/hah4ra, and patrahara seem to denote different kinds of ants. LECTURE XXXVI. 221 developed or undeveloped. Learn from me their subdivision. (146) Andhiya, Pottiy4, flies, mosquitoes, bees, moths, Dhinkava and Kankana; (147) Kukkuda’, Singirtait, Nand4vatta’, scorpions, Déla, crickets, Viralt, AZé#hivéhaya; (148) A&khila, Sahaya A&&hirédaya, Vikitta, Vikittapattaya*, Uhimgaliya, Galakari, Nitya, and Tantavagaiya. (149) These and others are the beings with four organs of sense. All of them, &c. (the rest as in verses 131- 136. Substitute ‘ beings with four organs of sense.’ The longest duration, &c., is six months, verse 152 = 133). (150-155) iv. Beings with five organs of sense are of four kinds: denizens of hell, animals‘, men, and gods, (156). a. Denizens of hell are of seven kinds according to the seven hells; they are called Ratndbha, Sarkarabha, Valukabha; (157) Pankabha, Dhtimd4bha, Tama, and Tamatamé. Thus the seven kinds of denizens of hell have been enumerated, (158) All the (denizens of hell) live in a part of the ' Kukku/a is given in the dictionaries as the name of a small lizard. ; * Nandy4varta occurs elsewhere as the name of a particular fish, and of a shell. It can be neither of these in our passage, as both animals belong to other classes than the Xaturindriyas. 5 Etymologically : with many-coloured wings. Probably butterflies are intended. * Tirikkha=tiryak. Apparently only the higher animals are intended by this term, the lower animals, from the insects downwards, being enumerated in the preceding classes of beings. 222 UTTARADHYAYANA. world only; they do not live everywhere, &c. (as in verses 79 and 80). (159, 160) In the first hell the longest duration of their life is one Sagarépam4; the shortest is ten thousand years. (161) In the second hell the longest duration of their life is three Sagarépam4s; the shortest is one Sagarépam4'. (162) In the third hell the longest duration of their life is seven Sagarépamas; the shortest is three SAgarépamés. (163) In the fourth hell the longest duration of their life is ten Sdgarédpam4s; the shortest is seven Sagarépamas. (164) In the fifth hell the longest duration of their life is seventeen Sagarédpam4s; the shortest is ten Sagarépaméas. (165)
2(163) In the fourth hell the longest duration of their life is ten Sdgarédpam4s; the shortest is seven Sagarépamas. (164) In the fifth hell the longest duration of their life is seventeen Sagarédpam4s; the shortest is ten Sagarépaméas. (165) In the sixth hell the longest duration of their life _ is twenty-two SagardépamAs; the shortest is seventeen Sagarépamas. (166) In the seventh hell the longest duration of their life is thirty-three Sagarépam4s; the shortest is twenty-two Sagarépamas. (167) The length of the life of denizens of helt is also that of their continuance in the same kind of body, with regard both to the longest and shortest duration of it. (168) Verses 169, 170= 83, 84. (Substitute, denizens of hell.) 6. The animals which possess five organs of sense are of two kinds, those which originate by gene- * It will be seen that the longest duration of life in each hell is always equal to the shortest in the preceding one. LECTURE XXXVI. 223 ratio aequivoca’, and those which are born from the womb. (171) Either of them are again of three kinds: 1. aquatic, 2. terrestrial, and 3. aerial animals. Learn from me their subdivision. (172) 1. Fishes, tortoises, crocodiles, Makaras, and Gangetic porpoises are the five kinds of aquatic animals, (173) 174, 175 =159, 160. The longest duration of the life of aquatic animals is one Krore of former years *; the shortest is less than one muhfrta. (176) The longest duration of the aquatic animals’ continuance in the (same kind of body) is from two to nine ® Krores of former years. (177) 178 = 83. 2. Quadrupeds and reptiles are the two kinds of terrestrial animals. The quadrupeds are of four kinds; listen to my description of them: (179) (1) Solidungular animals, as horses, &c. ; (2) Biungular animals, as cows, &c.; (3) Multiungular animals, as elephants, &c.; (4) Animals having toes with nails, as lions, &c. (180) The reptiles are of two kinds: 1. those which walk on their arms, as lizards, &c., and 2. those which move on their breast, as snakes, &c. Both are again of many kinds. (181) 1 Sammfrkhkima. They grow by assimilating the materials in their surrounding. According to a second explanation, their internal organ does not fully develop. * See page 16, note 1. * This is, according to the Avaffri, the meaning of puhuttam prithaktvam. 224 UTTARADHYAYANA. 182, 183 =159, 160. The longest duration of the life of terrestrial animals is three Palyépam4s; the shortest is less than one muharta, (184) The longest duration of the terrestrial animals’ continuance in the (same kind of) body is three Palyépamas plus from two to nine Krores of former years; the shortest is less than one muhirta. (185) 186 = 83. 3. Winged animals are of four kinds: those with membranous wings', those with feathered wings, those with wings in the shape of a box’, and those (which sit on) outspread wings *, (187) 188, 189 = 159, 160,
3(185) 186 = 83. 3. Winged animals are of four kinds: those with membranous wings', those with feathered wings, those with wings in the shape of a box’, and those (which sit on) outspread wings *, (187) 188, 189 = 159, 160, The longest duration of the life of aerial animals is an Asamkhyéya-part of a PalySpam4‘; the shortest is less than one muharta. (190) The longest duration (of the aerial animals’ continuance in the same kind of body) is an Asamkhyéya-part of a Palyépam4 plus from two to nine Krores of former years; the shortest is less than one muhirta. (191) 192, 193 =159, 160. c. Men are of two kinds; listen to my description of them: men originating by generatio aequivoca’, and men born from the womb. (194) Those who are born from the womb are of three 1 E.g. the Aarmaka/akas or bats. * Samudga. These interesting birds are said to live outside the Manushéttara, or world inhabited by men. 3 The comm. do not tell us what kind of birds is intended. ‘ The comm. do not explain this expression; the meaning, therefore, is doubtful. I give a literal translation of it in this and the next verse. ° See page 223, note 1, on verse 171. LECTURE XXXVI. 225 kinds: those living in the Karmabhidmi', those living in the Akarmabhdmi, and those living on the minor continents ?. (195) They have, in the same order, fifteen ?, thirty 4, and twenty-eight subdivisions. These are the numbers handed down. (196) Men originating by generatio aequivoca are of as many kinds. They all live but in a part of the world. (197) Verses 198-202 = 183-186. (Substitute, ‘men’ for ‘ terrestrial animals.’) @d. Gods are of four kinds ; listen to my description of them: 1. Bhauméyikas; 2. Vyantaras; 3. Gyétishkas ; 4. Vaimanikas. (203) There are ten kinds of Bhavanavdsins (= Bhauméyikas), eight of those who live in woods (= Vyantaras), five of Gyétishkas, and two of Vaiménikas. (204) 1. The Bhavanavisins are: the Asura-, Naga-, Suvarna-, Vidyut-, Agni-, Dvipa-, Udadhi-, V4ta-, and Ghazika-(Kumaras‘°). (205) 2. The eight kinds of Vyantaras are: Pisaéas, 2 Concerning Karmabhfimi, see part i, p. 195, note 1. The Ava- Adri places the Akarmabhfimi first, but the next verse proves that it originally stood in the second place. * These are seven groups of islands situated off the eastern and western ends of the Himflaya, which are inhabited by fabulous races. ® According to the Avaffri, there are five kinds in Bharata, five in Airfvata, and five in Vidéha. “ Viz. five in each of the six Akarmabhimis: Haimavata, Harivarsha, Hairanyavata, Dévakuru, and Uttarakuru. 5 According to the commentaries the word kum4ra is to be supplied after each of the ten names. (45) Q 226 UTTARADHYAYANA. Bhitas, Yakshas, Rakshasas, Kinnaras, Kimpurushas, Mahéragas, and Gandharvas. (206) 3. The moons, the suns, the Nakshatras, the planets, and the hosts of stars are the fivefold dwellings of the Gydtishkas. (207)
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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