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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Plants are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones; and both of them are either fully developed or undeveloped. (93) The gross and fully developed plants are of two kinds: either many have one body in common, or each has its own body. (94) Those who severally have their own body are of earth-bodies, the time stated in verse 82, while the length of each separate existence is determined in verse 81. 216 UTTARADHYAYANA, many kinds: trees, shrubby plants', shrubs 2, big plants °, creeping plants‘, grass*; (95) Palms *, plants of knotty stems or stalks’, mushrooms ®, water-plants, annual plants’, and herbs”. These are called plants possessing severally their own body. (96) Those plants of which many have one body in common are of many kinds": Aluya??, Molaya®, ginger ; (97) Harilt, Sirilf, Sassirilt, GAavat, Kéyakandali"', onion, garlic, plantain-tree, Kuduvvaya™®; (98) * Gukkha; it is explained to denote such plants from the single root or bulb of which come forth many stalks, e.g. Vrint4ka, Solanum Melongena. * Gulma, similar to the preceding class, but bringing forth twigs or stems, instead of stalks, e.g. Navamalika, Jasminum Sambac, Kamavira, &c. 8 Lat&, as Lotus, Pandanus, &c. * Valli, as gourds, Piper Betel, &c. 5 Trina, grass. But of the two examples given in the commentary, gu#guka is not in our dictionaries, and Arguna denotes usually a tree, Terminalia Arjuna. ® Valaya; so called from their foliation. 7 Parvaga, as sugar-cane. ® Kuhaaa, plants which cause the earth to burst, as sarpaékhatra, mushroom (toad-stool). * Oshadhi, such plants as die after having brought forth seed, as rice, &c. 10 Haritak4dya, as tamduléya, &c. " The plants in the following list are, according to the commentary, mostly bulbs, ‘ well known in the countries where they grow.’ Many of them are not in our dictionaries. I give the Prakrit form of their names, and note the Sanskrit equivalent when it can be identified. 2 Aluka, Amorphophallus Campanulatus. ™ Maka, radish. A various reading has for the last two words (which might be differently divided), 4paikkéikandalf. The Kandalf, the plantain-tree, occurs in the next line again. 8 A various reading is Kudambaya. LECTURE XXXVI. 217 Léhivthhya, Thihdya, Tuhaga, Kazha', Vaggakanda?, Siravaya*; (99) Assakanni*, Sthakazni, MusuzdAi, turmeric, and many others besides. (100) The subtile plants are of one kind, as there is no variety. Subtile plants are distributed all over the world, gross plants (are found) in a part of the world only. (101) With regard to the continuous flow, &c. (as in verse 80). (102) Ten thousand years is the longest duration of the life of plants, &c. (All asin verses 81-84. Substitute plants, which are here called vanaspati and panaka, for Earth-bodies.) (103-106) Thus the three kinds of immovable living beings have briefly been told. I shall now explain in due order the three kinds of movable living beings. (107)
2(All asin verses 81-84. Substitute plants, which are here called vanaspati and panaka, for Earth-bodies.) (103-106) Thus the three kinds of immovable living beings have briefly been told. I shall now explain in due order the three kinds of movable living beings. (107) 6. The movable beings are a, the Fire Lives, 8. the Wind Lives, and y. those with an organic body ; these are the three kinds of movable beings. Learn from me their subdivision. (108) a. The Fire Lives are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones; and both of them are either fully developed or undeveloped. (109) The gross and fully developed ones are of many kinds: coal, burning chaff, fire, and flame of fire; (110) Meteors, and lightning, and many other kinds besides. 1 Krishnakanda, Nymphaea Rubra. * Vagrakanda of the Sanskrit Koshas. 5 Sftraza, Arum Campanulatum. 4 Asvakarw4. Asvakarna is a tree, Vatika Robusta. 218 UTTARADHYAYANA. The subtile Fire Lives are but of one kind, as there is no variety. (111) The subtile species, &c. (see verses 79-84. Substitute Fire Lives for Earth Lives. In verses 114 f., corresponding to verses 81, 89, and 103, read: ‘the longest duration of the life of Fire Lives is three days,’ &c. ; the rest as above). (112-117) 8. The Wind Lives are of two kinds, &c. (as in verse 109). (118) The gross and fully developed ones are of five kinds: squalls’, whirlwinds*, thick winds’, high winds, low winds ; (119) And the Samvartaka ‘ wind, &c.; thus they are of many kinds °, The subtile Wind Lives are but of one kind, as there is no variety. (120) The subtile species, &c. (as above 79-84. Substitute Wind Lives for Earth Lives. In verse 123, corresponding to 114, read: ‘the longest duration of the life of Wind Lives is three thousand years ;’ the rest as above), (121-126) ? Utkalik4, intermittent winds. * Mandalika=vatélt. 5 According to the comm. these winds blow on the oceans which are situated below the Ratnaprabhé-hell, or which support the heavenly Vimanas, and have the density of snow. Perhaps the notion is similar to that of the Hindu astronomers, who fancied that the heavenly bodies were set in motion by cords of wind called pravaha. See Sfrya SiddhAnta II, 3. ‘ This seems to be the hurricane which causes the periodical destruction of the world. But Dévéndra says: ‘Samvartaka is a wind which carries grass, &c., from the outside into a particular place.’ ® Though in the preceding verse it was said that there are five kinds of wind, six are enumerated, and more are implied by the ‘ &c.’ LECTURE XXXVI. 219 y. Movable beings with organic bodies (i.e. animals) are of four kinds: i. those possessing two organs of sense, ii. those with three organs, iii. those with four organs, iv. those with five organs. (127) i. Beings with two organs of sense are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones. Both are either fully developed or undeveloped. Learn from me their subdivision ?. (128)
3those possessing two organs of sense, ii. those with three organs, iii. those with four organs, iv. those with five organs. (127) i. Beings with two organs of sense are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones. Both are either fully developed or undeveloped. Learn from me their subdivision ?. (128) Worms, Sémangala, Alasa*, Méivahaya®, Vastmuha *, shells, conches, Sankhazaga®; (129) Palléya, Azullaya, cowries, leeches, Galaga, and Kandana*. (130) These and others are the many kinds of beings with two organs of sense. All of them live in a part of the world only, they do not live everywhere. (131) With regard to the continuous flow, &c. (as in verse 80). (132) ? As many of these lower animals are not known to us, I give the Prakr#t names of those which I cannot identify. Dévéndra says: ‘Some of them are well known, the remaining ones are to be explained according to tradition.’ The explanation of this passage in the Avaéfiri is fuller. * A small poisonous animal. Petersburg Dictionary, s. v. According to the Givavidara Vritti V, 16, they are earth-snakes (bhfin4ga), which originate in the rainy season when the sun is in AsleshA, i.e. about the beginning of July. 5 M&atrivahaka. According to the description of the Avaffri, the larvae of Phryganeae seem intended. According to the Givavi- Aara Vritti, they are called £Qd61i in Guzeratf. ‘ Vastmukha, explained: Whose mouth is like a chisel or adze. There are many insects, e.g. the Curculionidae, which suit this description. ® Sankh4naka, ‘ very small, conch-like animals.’ * Kandana=Aké4vriksha (?). According to the Gtvavitara Vritti V, 16, they are animals living in water and on land, and are called Aksha in the vernacular (samayabh4sh4). 220 UTTARADHYAYANA. The duration of the life of beings with two organs of sense is twelve years at the utmost; the shortest is less than a muharta. (133) The longest duration of the body of beings with two organs of sense is a Samkhyéya (or measurable time) if they do not leave that (kind of) body; the shortest is less than one muharta. (134) 135, 136=83, 84. Substitute ‘beings with two organs of sense’ for Earth Lives. ii. Beings with three organs of sense are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones. Both are either fully developed or undeveloped. Learn from me their subdivision. (137) Kunthu?, ants, bugs, Ukkala, white ants, Tazahara, Kaé¢thahdra, Malaga *, Pattahdraga; (138) Duga shining like lead, which originate in the kernel of the cotton-seed, Sadavari, centipedes, Indagaiya ; (139) Cochineal, &c. Thus they are of many kinds. All of them live in a part of the world only, they do not live everywhere. (140) 141-145 =132-136. (Substitute ‘beings with three organs of sense.’ The longest duration, ¢ &c., is forty-nine days, verse 142 = 133.) i. Beings with four organs of sense are » of two kinds : subtile and gross ones. Both are either
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Plants are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones; and both of them are either fully developed or undeveloped. (93) The gross and fully developed plants are of two kinds: either many have one body in common, or each has its own body. (94) Those who severally have their own body are of earth-bodies, the time stated in verse 82, while the length of each separate existence is determined in verse 81. 216 UTTARADHYAYANA, many kinds: trees, shrubby plants', shrubs 2, big plants °, creeping plants‘, grass*; (95) Palms *, plants of knotty stems or stalks’, mushrooms ®, water-plants, annual plants’, and herbs”. These are called plants possessing severally their own body. (96) Those plants of which many have one body in common are of many kinds": Aluya??, Molaya®, ginger ; (97) Harilt, Sirilf, Sassirilt, GAavat, Kéyakandali"', onion, garlic, plantain-tree, Kuduvvaya™®; (98) * Gukkha; it is explained to denote such plants from the single root or bulb of which come forth many stalks, e.g. Vrint4ka, Solanum Melongena. * Gulma, similar to the preceding class, but bringing forth twigs or stems, instead of stalks, e.g. Navamalika, Jasminum Sambac, Kamavira, &c. 8 Lat&, as Lotus, Pandanus, &c. * Valli, as gourds, Piper Betel, &c. 5 Trina, grass. But of the two examples given in the commentary, gu#guka is not in our dictionaries, and Arguna denotes usually a tree, Terminalia Arjuna. ® Valaya; so called from their foliation. 7 Parvaga, as sugar-cane. ® Kuhaaa, plants which cause the earth to burst, as sarpaékhatra, mushroom (toad-stool). * Oshadhi, such plants as die after having brought forth seed, as rice, &c. 10 Haritak4dya, as tamduléya, &c. " The plants in the following list are, according to the commentary, mostly bulbs, ‘ well known in the countries where they grow.’ Many of them are not in our dictionaries. I give the Prakrit form of their names, and note the Sanskrit equivalent when it can be identified. 2 Aluka, Amorphophallus Campanulatus. ™ Maka, radish. A various reading has for the last two words (which might be differently divided), 4paikkéikandalf. The Kandalf, the plantain-tree, occurs in the next line again. 8 A various reading is Kudambaya. LECTURE XXXVI. 217 Léhivthhya, Thihdya, Tuhaga, Kazha', Vaggakanda?, Siravaya*; (99) Assakanni*, Sthakazni, MusuzdAi, turmeric, and many others besides. (100) The subtile plants are of one kind, as there is no variety. Subtile plants are distributed all over the world, gross plants (are found) in a part of the world only. (101) With regard to the continuous flow, &c. (as in verse 80). (102) Ten thousand years is the longest duration of the life of plants, &c. (All asin verses 81-84. Substitute plants, which are here called vanaspati and panaka, for Earth-bodies.) (103-106) Thus the three kinds of immovable living beings have briefly been told. I shall now explain in due order the three kinds of movable living beings. (107)
2(All asin verses 81-84. Substitute plants, which are here called vanaspati and panaka, for Earth-bodies.) (103-106) Thus the three kinds of immovable living beings have briefly been told. I shall now explain in due order the three kinds of movable living beings. (107) 6. The movable beings are a, the Fire Lives, 8. the Wind Lives, and y. those with an organic body ; these are the three kinds of movable beings. Learn from me their subdivision. (108) a. The Fire Lives are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones; and both of them are either fully developed or undeveloped. (109) The gross and fully developed ones are of many kinds: coal, burning chaff, fire, and flame of fire; (110) Meteors, and lightning, and many other kinds besides. 1 Krishnakanda, Nymphaea Rubra. * Vagrakanda of the Sanskrit Koshas. 5 Sftraza, Arum Campanulatum. 4 Asvakarw4. Asvakarna is a tree, Vatika Robusta. 218 UTTARADHYAYANA. The subtile Fire Lives are but of one kind, as there is no variety. (111) The subtile species, &c. (see verses 79-84. Substitute Fire Lives for Earth Lives. In verses 114 f., corresponding to verses 81, 89, and 103, read: ‘the longest duration of the life of Fire Lives is three days,’ &c. ; the rest as above). (112-117) 8. The Wind Lives are of two kinds, &c. (as in verse 109). (118) The gross and fully developed ones are of five kinds: squalls’, whirlwinds*, thick winds’, high winds, low winds ; (119) And the Samvartaka ‘ wind, &c.; thus they are of many kinds °, The subtile Wind Lives are but of one kind, as there is no variety. (120) The subtile species, &c. (as above 79-84. Substitute Wind Lives for Earth Lives. In verse 123, corresponding to 114, read: ‘the longest duration of the life of Wind Lives is three thousand years ;’ the rest as above), (121-126) ? Utkalik4, intermittent winds. * Mandalika=vatélt. 5 According to the comm. these winds blow on the oceans which are situated below the Ratnaprabhé-hell, or which support the heavenly Vimanas, and have the density of snow. Perhaps the notion is similar to that of the Hindu astronomers, who fancied that the heavenly bodies were set in motion by cords of wind called pravaha. See Sfrya SiddhAnta II, 3. ‘ This seems to be the hurricane which causes the periodical destruction of the world. But Dévéndra says: ‘Samvartaka is a wind which carries grass, &c., from the outside into a particular place.’ ® Though in the preceding verse it was said that there are five kinds of wind, six are enumerated, and more are implied by the ‘ &c.’ LECTURE XXXVI. 219 y. Movable beings with organic bodies (i.e. animals) are of four kinds: i. those possessing two organs of sense, ii. those with three organs, iii. those with four organs, iv. those with five organs. (127) i. Beings with two organs of sense are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones. Both are either fully developed or undeveloped. Learn from me their subdivision ?. (128)
3those possessing two organs of sense, ii. those with three organs, iii. those with four organs, iv. those with five organs. (127) i. Beings with two organs of sense are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones. Both are either fully developed or undeveloped. Learn from me their subdivision ?. (128) Worms, Sémangala, Alasa*, Méivahaya®, Vastmuha *, shells, conches, Sankhazaga®; (129) Palléya, Azullaya, cowries, leeches, Galaga, and Kandana*. (130) These and others are the many kinds of beings with two organs of sense. All of them live in a part of the world only, they do not live everywhere. (131) With regard to the continuous flow, &c. (as in verse 80). (132) ? As many of these lower animals are not known to us, I give the Prakr#t names of those which I cannot identify. Dévéndra says: ‘Some of them are well known, the remaining ones are to be explained according to tradition.’ The explanation of this passage in the Avaéfiri is fuller. * A small poisonous animal. Petersburg Dictionary, s. v. According to the Givavidara Vritti V, 16, they are earth-snakes (bhfin4ga), which originate in the rainy season when the sun is in AsleshA, i.e. about the beginning of July. 5 M&atrivahaka. According to the description of the Avaffri, the larvae of Phryganeae seem intended. According to the Givavi- Aara Vritti, they are called £Qd61i in Guzeratf. ‘ Vastmukha, explained: Whose mouth is like a chisel or adze. There are many insects, e.g. the Curculionidae, which suit this description. ® Sankh4naka, ‘ very small, conch-like animals.’ * Kandana=Aké4vriksha (?). According to the Gtvavitara Vritti V, 16, they are animals living in water and on land, and are called Aksha in the vernacular (samayabh4sh4). 220 UTTARADHYAYANA. The duration of the life of beings with two organs of sense is twelve years at the utmost; the shortest is less than a muharta. (133) The longest duration of the body of beings with two organs of sense is a Samkhyéya (or measurable time) if they do not leave that (kind of) body; the shortest is less than one muharta. (134) 135, 136=83, 84. Substitute ‘beings with two organs of sense’ for Earth Lives. ii. Beings with three organs of sense are of two kinds: subtile and gross ones. Both are either fully developed or undeveloped. Learn from me their subdivision. (137) Kunthu?, ants, bugs, Ukkala, white ants, Tazahara, Kaé¢thahdra, Malaga *, Pattahdraga; (138) Duga shining like lead, which originate in the kernel of the cotton-seed, Sadavari, centipedes, Indagaiya ; (139) Cochineal, &c. Thus they are of many kinds. All of them live in a part of the world only, they do not live everywhere. (140) 141-145 =132-136. (Substitute ‘beings with three organs of sense.’ The longest duration, ¢ &c., is forty-nine days, verse 142 = 133.) i. Beings with four organs of sense are » of two kinds : subtile and gross ones. Both are either
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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