Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
12. The reply is this, that the merit is the appointment and recognition of him who accomplishes more worthily the greater benefit; the demerit is as 40 1 Mrgq ‘has ‘or any one who has accepted the adoption as an adoption.’ * The meaning appears to be that, though, owing to their misplaced confidence and neglect, they have been guilty of many mortal sins, they are not liable to capital punishment. It is evident that the writer had no apprehension that any property would lie neglected through want of administration, but that he had considerable doubts of the prudence and honesty of administrators. (18) fo) 194 DApISTAN-t DINiK. him who is unworthy, or him whose worthiness is not appointed to avert a lesser benefit and the ruining of a worthy adoption. 3. Nearer details (khdrdak5) of the family guardianship which is proper azd which is not proper for an adopted son’s duty, of the child of good religion with whose business z¢ is connected, and of the fathers for whom a family guardian is to be appointed, are zz the recital of five chapters (fragard6) of the Hdspardm /Vasé&', and zx the abstracts (giriftak6étha) of the good ideas in various scriptures (nask6) in which many decisions are together. CuarTrer LXII.- 1. As éo the sixty-first question azd reply, that which you ask is thus: How stand the shares in the inheritance (mtr4t6) of property among those of the good religion, and how is it necessary for them to stand therein ? 2. The reply is this, that in the possession of wealth the wealth reaches higher ov lower, just like water when it goes in a stream on a declivity, but when the passage shall be closed at the bottom it goes back on the running water (pi y-4v5), and then it does not go to its after-course *, 1 The seventeenth book of the complete Mazda-worshipping literature, whose sixty-four sections are described in detail in the Dinkard (see Sls. X, 21). The five chapters here mentioned were evidently in that one of the last fourteen sections which is said to have consisted of six chapters on the ownership of property and disputes about it, on one’s own family, acquiring wife and children, adoption, &c. ® This metaphor seems to mean that property, like water, always CHAPTER LXI, 3—LXII, 5. 195 3. When there is nothing otherwise in the will and private’, property goes to a wife ov daughter ? who is privileged ; if one gives her anything by will then she does not obtain the share (d4s) pertaining to her*. 4. Whenever‘ a share for a son is not provided by it, every one Aas so much and the wife who may be a privileged one has twice as much; and the share of that ove of the sons, oy even the wife of a son, who is blind in both eyes, or crippled ® in both feet, or maimed in both his hands, is twice as much as that of ove who is sound.
25. And z¢ is needful ¢ha¢ he who was in the father’s guardianship sa// remain in guardianship, as when a father or mother is decrepit and causing awe (éagartn), or of a nurture different from that of the guardian ’—or a child of his brother or sister, or a father, or ovze® without nurture apart from him, is descends until it meets with an obstruction to its downward progress in the shape of the nearest descendants, but, when once in their possession, it can again ascend (like the dammed stream) for the support of the survivors of an older generation (see § 5). 1 Or, it may be ‘in the provisions (viyag4n) of the will;’ or, by omitting two strokes, we have simply ‘otherwise (h4n) in the will.’ * That is, they have a share of the property when there are other next of kin. M14 adds, ‘and they should provide a living son as father and husband unless privileged,’ referring to the necessity of adoption when there is no son and the wife is not a privileged one. * It being assumed that the will provides as much as is intended for any one whom it mentions. * Reading amat, ‘when,’ instead of mfin, ‘who,’ which words are often confounded because their P4z. equivalents are nearly identical. 5 Mr4 has ‘ daughters.’ * Armést probably means literally ‘ most immovable.’ 7 M14 omits this last clause. ® Mr4 has ‘ mother.’ O 2 196 pApisTAn-{ DiNtk. without a guardian—the ready guardianship of a capable man, and the shelter avd nourishment ¢hat have become inadequate? are as indispensably forthcoming * from the possessors of wealth, of those who have taken the property, as that faking was indispensable *. 6. If there be no son of that man, but there be a daughter or wife of his, and if some of the affairs* of the man are such as render a woman not suitable for the guardianship, it is necessary to appoint a family guardian; if there be, moreover, no wife or daughter of his it is necessary to appoint an adopted son. 7. This—that is, when it is necessary to appoint a family guardian and who is the fittest, and when it is necessary to appoint an adopted son and which is the fittest—is written in the chapters on the question 5 CuapTer LXIII. 1. The sixty-second question is that which you ask thus: Would they authorisedly carry off any property whatever from foreigners and infidels, or not ? 2. The reply is this, that wealth and property and anything that foreigners (an-atr4nd) possess and is carried off by them from the good with violence, and which through obstinacy they do not give back ’ Literally ‘not issuing.’ * Mrq has ‘are thus forthcoming, * Mrq has ‘or fave become indispensable to it.’ ‘ Or, it may be ‘dependents,’ the text is merely va hatd min zak-f gabra, 5 See Chaps. LVI-LIX. CHAPTER LXII, 6—LXIV, 3. 197
3LVI-LIX. CHAPTER LXII, 6—LXIV, 3. 197 when it is proper, it is well allowable in that case that they should seize from the foreigners. 3. So long as z¢ is the lawful order of the procurator of its owners’ z¢ is allowable for a just decider to consider properly, and to demand authoritatively the sending of interest (sd) thereon for himself. 4. But zf they proceed in their obstinacy 4e is sent to come up with them in obstinacy, not to dissemble with them 2, 5. Zé zs the custom to give an infidel (ak-dtn6), who is not a foreigner, food, clothing, axd medicine, when his renunciation (v4z) has come, for keeping away matters (4is4n6) of death and sickness owing to hunger avd thirst, cold and heat; but wealth, horses, accoutrements, wine, avd land are not given authorisedly, it is said, unto foreigners and idolators®. CuaPteR LXIV. 1. As ¢o the sixty-third question and reply, that which you ask is thus: Whence was the first creation of mankind, and how was the formation of the original race of men? 2. What issued from Gayémard‘, and what did it really become; and from what have Mashyaih axd Mashyayéth® arisen ? 3. The reply is this, that Adharmazd, the all- 1 Reading vad zak amatas khfiday4n ay4zvf-aftar farm4n-f d&dik. The form of ayAot-aftar has not yet been met with elsewhere, but it seems to mean ‘one who holds the obtainment,’ though whether as agent or officer of justice is uncertain. 3 Mr4 has merely ‘ but should they proceed in their obstinacy, to come with them is not to dissemble.’ 5 Literally ‘ demon-worshippers.’ * See Chap. II, ro. 5 The same as the Marhay4 and Marhtyéih of Chap. XXXVII, 82. 198 DADISTAN-{ DINiK. ruling, produced from the endless light the shape of a fire-priest (4srQk6) whose name was that of Adharmazd, and z¢s brilliance that of fire; z¢s incombustibility was like ¢/at inside the light, and z¢s expansion like the western (khfrbarag) land. 4. And in the shape of the fire-priest was created by him the material existence (stih) ¢ha¢ is called man, and for three thousand years?, when it did not progress and did not eat, it did not speak; likewise, it did not utter, but it thought of, the righteousness of the perfect and true religion, the desire for the pure glorification of the creator. 5. Afterwards, the contentious promise-breaker? injured the life of it, aad produced a burdensome mortality ; and the mortality is c/ear from the appellation, GAyémard@, of the nature produced. 6. The seed which was the essence of the life of the leader (mtrak6) of life, who was G4yémard, flowed forth on 47s passing away, came on to the earth of the beneficent angel‘, avd is preserved in the earth until, through the protection of the angels, a brother and
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
12. The reply is this, that the merit is the appointment and recognition of him who accomplishes more worthily the greater benefit; the demerit is as 40 1 Mrgq ‘has ‘or any one who has accepted the adoption as an adoption.’ * The meaning appears to be that, though, owing to their misplaced confidence and neglect, they have been guilty of many mortal sins, they are not liable to capital punishment. It is evident that the writer had no apprehension that any property would lie neglected through want of administration, but that he had considerable doubts of the prudence and honesty of administrators. (18) fo) 194 DApISTAN-t DINiK. him who is unworthy, or him whose worthiness is not appointed to avert a lesser benefit and the ruining of a worthy adoption. 3. Nearer details (khdrdak5) of the family guardianship which is proper azd which is not proper for an adopted son’s duty, of the child of good religion with whose business z¢ is connected, and of the fathers for whom a family guardian is to be appointed, are zz the recital of five chapters (fragard6) of the Hdspardm /Vasé&', and zx the abstracts (giriftak6étha) of the good ideas in various scriptures (nask6) in which many decisions are together. CuarTrer LXII.- 1. As éo the sixty-first question azd reply, that which you ask is thus: How stand the shares in the inheritance (mtr4t6) of property among those of the good religion, and how is it necessary for them to stand therein ? 2. The reply is this, that in the possession of wealth the wealth reaches higher ov lower, just like water when it goes in a stream on a declivity, but when the passage shall be closed at the bottom it goes back on the running water (pi y-4v5), and then it does not go to its after-course *, 1 The seventeenth book of the complete Mazda-worshipping literature, whose sixty-four sections are described in detail in the Dinkard (see Sls. X, 21). The five chapters here mentioned were evidently in that one of the last fourteen sections which is said to have consisted of six chapters on the ownership of property and disputes about it, on one’s own family, acquiring wife and children, adoption, &c. ® This metaphor seems to mean that property, like water, always CHAPTER LXI, 3—LXII, 5. 195 3. When there is nothing otherwise in the will and private’, property goes to a wife ov daughter ? who is privileged ; if one gives her anything by will then she does not obtain the share (d4s) pertaining to her*. 4. Whenever‘ a share for a son is not provided by it, every one Aas so much and the wife who may be a privileged one has twice as much; and the share of that ove of the sons, oy even the wife of a son, who is blind in both eyes, or crippled ® in both feet, or maimed in both his hands, is twice as much as that of ove who is sound.
25. And z¢ is needful ¢ha¢ he who was in the father’s guardianship sa// remain in guardianship, as when a father or mother is decrepit and causing awe (éagartn), or of a nurture different from that of the guardian ’—or a child of his brother or sister, or a father, or ovze® without nurture apart from him, is descends until it meets with an obstruction to its downward progress in the shape of the nearest descendants, but, when once in their possession, it can again ascend (like the dammed stream) for the support of the survivors of an older generation (see § 5). 1 Or, it may be ‘in the provisions (viyag4n) of the will;’ or, by omitting two strokes, we have simply ‘otherwise (h4n) in the will.’ * That is, they have a share of the property when there are other next of kin. M14 adds, ‘and they should provide a living son as father and husband unless privileged,’ referring to the necessity of adoption when there is no son and the wife is not a privileged one. * It being assumed that the will provides as much as is intended for any one whom it mentions. * Reading amat, ‘when,’ instead of mfin, ‘who,’ which words are often confounded because their P4z. equivalents are nearly identical. 5 Mr4 has ‘ daughters.’ * Armést probably means literally ‘ most immovable.’ 7 M14 omits this last clause. ® Mr4 has ‘ mother.’ O 2 196 pApisTAn-{ DiNtk. without a guardian—the ready guardianship of a capable man, and the shelter avd nourishment ¢hat have become inadequate? are as indispensably forthcoming * from the possessors of wealth, of those who have taken the property, as that faking was indispensable *. 6. If there be no son of that man, but there be a daughter or wife of his, and if some of the affairs* of the man are such as render a woman not suitable for the guardianship, it is necessary to appoint a family guardian; if there be, moreover, no wife or daughter of his it is necessary to appoint an adopted son. 7. This—that is, when it is necessary to appoint a family guardian and who is the fittest, and when it is necessary to appoint an adopted son and which is the fittest—is written in the chapters on the question 5 CuapTer LXIII. 1. The sixty-second question is that which you ask thus: Would they authorisedly carry off any property whatever from foreigners and infidels, or not ? 2. The reply is this, that wealth and property and anything that foreigners (an-atr4nd) possess and is carried off by them from the good with violence, and which through obstinacy they do not give back ’ Literally ‘not issuing.’ * Mrq has ‘are thus forthcoming, * Mrq has ‘or fave become indispensable to it.’ ‘ Or, it may be ‘dependents,’ the text is merely va hatd min zak-f gabra, 5 See Chaps. LVI-LIX. CHAPTER LXII, 6—LXIV, 3. 197
3LVI-LIX. CHAPTER LXII, 6—LXIV, 3. 197 when it is proper, it is well allowable in that case that they should seize from the foreigners. 3. So long as z¢ is the lawful order of the procurator of its owners’ z¢ is allowable for a just decider to consider properly, and to demand authoritatively the sending of interest (sd) thereon for himself. 4. But zf they proceed in their obstinacy 4e is sent to come up with them in obstinacy, not to dissemble with them 2, 5. Zé zs the custom to give an infidel (ak-dtn6), who is not a foreigner, food, clothing, axd medicine, when his renunciation (v4z) has come, for keeping away matters (4is4n6) of death and sickness owing to hunger avd thirst, cold and heat; but wealth, horses, accoutrements, wine, avd land are not given authorisedly, it is said, unto foreigners and idolators®. CuaPteR LXIV. 1. As ¢o the sixty-third question and reply, that which you ask is thus: Whence was the first creation of mankind, and how was the formation of the original race of men? 2. What issued from Gayémard‘, and what did it really become; and from what have Mashyaih axd Mashyayéth® arisen ? 3. The reply is this, that Adharmazd, the all- 1 Reading vad zak amatas khfiday4n ay4zvf-aftar farm4n-f d&dik. The form of ayAot-aftar has not yet been met with elsewhere, but it seems to mean ‘one who holds the obtainment,’ though whether as agent or officer of justice is uncertain. 3 Mr4 has merely ‘ but should they proceed in their obstinacy, to come with them is not to dissemble.’ 5 Literally ‘ demon-worshippers.’ * See Chap. II, ro. 5 The same as the Marhay4 and Marhtyéih of Chap. XXXVII, 82. 198 DADISTAN-{ DINiK. ruling, produced from the endless light the shape of a fire-priest (4srQk6) whose name was that of Adharmazd, and z¢s brilliance that of fire; z¢s incombustibility was like ¢/at inside the light, and z¢s expansion like the western (khfrbarag) land. 4. And in the shape of the fire-priest was created by him the material existence (stih) ¢ha¢ is called man, and for three thousand years?, when it did not progress and did not eat, it did not speak; likewise, it did not utter, but it thought of, the righteousness of the perfect and true religion, the desire for the pure glorification of the creator. 5. Afterwards, the contentious promise-breaker? injured the life of it, aad produced a burdensome mortality ; and the mortality is c/ear from the appellation, GAyémard@, of the nature produced. 6. The seed which was the essence of the life of the leader (mtrak6) of life, who was G4yémard, flowed forth on 47s passing away, came on to the earth of the beneficent angel‘, avd is preserved in the earth until, through the protection of the angels, a brother and
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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