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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1any customary part, while being washed by him, is to be preserved from that which is not washed ; when it comes upon it, it is improper. k. When a drop of water (4v yigak6-1) shall remain upon Azm, zs hand is to be thoroughly rubbed over it; when at the same hole and he becomes doubtful as to a customary fart', when he knows which, it is to be washed by him again, and from that onwards ¢hey are always to be washed again by him; when he does not know which, the beginning of the washing at the hole is to be done again by him, and when he comes unto that which he did before, when he knows z¢, he is also to go again to that after it, from his doing again of the beginning of the washing at the hole; when he becomes doubtful as to the hole, he is to go back to that which is not doubtful. 2, And when they go from hole to hole, the dog? is to be held once, the Avesta’ of the purifier is to be spoken, and it is to be done by him thus :—When he arrives at the place, z¢ is done by him; when not, the head is to be done thoroughly—there are some who would say thus: ‘In the same hole the head is to be done thoroughly’—and all four feet of the dog are to be put by him into the hole; he is also to sit down within four finger-6veadths*, and the Paxzadasa zem6 hazkanayen (‘fifteen fmes of earth they shall 1 That is, when he is doubtful which he washed last. ? The dog is not mentioned in the Avesta account of the Bareshnfim in Vend. IX, but it is ordered to be brought before the unclean person in another such account in Vend. VIII, 120,123. The use of the dog is that its sight or touch is supposed to destroy or drive away the Nasfis, or fiend of corruption. * The exorcism in § 118. * See § 121. IV. THE BARESHNOM CEREMONY. 451 scrape together’)! are to be well completed by him, z¢ is also to be thoroughly done by him, and 4e is to be fully guarded while he properly amd thoroughly well perseveres. m. And, after it, he is to go unto the holes for water; the different times with water are just like the different holes for bull’s urine, except holding the dog; the dog, too, works for 42m inside. nm. When he seeks for it, 2¢# is to be thoroughly warmed for him; when he hungers for it, bread is to be given to him; when ¢he necessity of making water arises, something is to be held unto him; when, on account of his imperfect strength (vad zérth), he is quite unable to wash, some one is to sit down inside with him; when 4e is only just*® washed, he is to come into his position therein before, the zxward prayer is to be spoken out by him, and the zxward prayer is to be again offered by him, his customary parts are also washed, and are to be considered as — washed. o. When he shall keep on for three washings‘, though not clean, it is not improper; when he does Not attain three washings, it is not proper; when the enclosure is not to be formed to the north 4, it is not proper; when one shall not solemnize the Vendidad service *, it is not proper.
2o. When he shall keep on for three washings‘, though not clean, it is not improper; when he does Not attain three washings, it is not proper; when the enclosure is not to be formed to the north 4, it is not proper; when one shall not solemnize the Vendidad service *, it is not proper. p. When the purifier shall not have performed the ritual, it is not proper; when the purifier is not a man, it is not proper. 1 The Avesta version of § 123. * The water, apparently. : ® Perhaps it should be Aand t4k, ‘several times,’ instead of Aigfin tak, ‘only just.’ * See §§ 136, 140, 144. ® See § e. * See § 3. Gg2 452 APPENDIX. g. When he shall not wash on the customary parts, it is not proper; when he does not utter the Avesta, it is not proper; and when the dog’? is not held, it is not proper; when ¢here is no digging of the holes, it is not proper; when he does not perform the Pazsadasa zemé hazkanayen (‘fifteen times of earth they shall scrape together’)?, it is not proper. vy. When 7z¢ is not the purifier who scores the furrows, and he does not score them with a blade, nor does he score ¢hem with the recitation of the Avesta, nor does he score ¢hem in the day/zme, it is not proper. s. When he shall see axything impure in the hole, it is not proper; when they shall cause rain fo come within a hole for bull’s urine, it is not proper; when night shall come in upon him, it is not proper; when in everything ¢here is suitableness, but as to one thing doubt arises, through that suitableness it is not proper. ] 133. ‘AZe* is to sit down in the place of the secluded (armést4n6) 5, within the precinct (sit74) of Azs abode, apart from the other Mazda-worshippers. 134. He shall not come with authorization to fire, nor to water, nor to earth, nor to animals, nor to plants, nor to a righteous man, nor to a righteous 1 See § 4 * See § 123. 5 See §7 « He who has been by the dead, as stated in § 132, in connection with which this sentence is to be read; the foregoing §§ a-s being interpolated by the Pahlavi translators. 5 The original meaning of armést was probably ‘most stationary,’ as it is a term applied to water in tanks, helpless cripples, and insane people, as well as to unclean persons who have to remain apart from their friends (see Sls. II, 98 n). IV, THE BARESHNOM CEREMONY. 453 woman, (135) at all from that “me, until the time when his three nights shall fully elapse. 136. ‘After those three nights he shall wash over fas body, and £zs clothes are purified over in such a way as with bull’s urine and also with water. 137. He shall sit in the place of the secluded, within the precinct of 4zs abode, apart from the other Mazdaworshippers. 138. He shall not come with authorization to fire, Gc. [just as has deen written 7 § 134], (139) at all from that ¢2me, until ¢he time when his six nights shall fully elapse.
3137. He shall sit in the place of the secluded, within the precinct of 4zs abode, apart from the other Mazdaworshippers. 138. He shall not come with authorization to fire, Gc. [just as has deen written 7 § 134], (139) at all from that ¢2me, until ¢he time when his six nights shall fully elapse. 140. ‘After those six nights’ he shall wash over his body, and zs clothes are purified over in such a way as with bull’s urine and also with water. 141— 143. He shall sit in the place of the secluded [just as has been written zn §§ 133-135] «adel the time when Ais nine nights shall fully elapse. 144. ‘Then, after the nine nights, he shall wash over hts body, and his clothes are purified over in such a way as with bulls urine and also with water, 145. Then he shall come with authorization unto fire, unto water, unto earth, unto animals, unto plants, unto a righteous man, unto a righteous woman.’ Besides the above fully detailed description of the Bareshnim ceremony we find two other accounts of the rite, in the Vendid4d. Of these the most detailed is contained in Vend. VIII, 117-228, which mentions the use of the dog?, the nine holes, the washing with bull's urine and water, and all the 1 The MSS. omit several words, when sentences are repeated, for the sake of brevity. 3 See § / above. 454 APPENDIX. detail of driving the fiend of corruption from one part of the body to another (by sprinkling with ‘the good waters’) till it flies away to the north as in Vend. 1X, 117. But it omits the description of the purifier, the dimensions of the purifying place, the scoring of the furrows, the placing of the stones, the exorcism !, the seclusion for nine nights, and all the washings after the first day. The other account, which is much shorter, is given in Vend. XIX, 67-84. It specifies that the urine must be that of a young bull, and that the purifier must score a furrow; it mentions the recitation of a hundred Ashem-vohis and two hundred Yath4-ahdvairyés, four washings with bull’s urine and two with water, nine nights’ exposure, followed by attention to the fire and fumigation, when the man clothes himself while paying homage to the sacred beings, and is clean; but no other details are given. 1 That is, the exorcism is not found in the Pahlavi version, but is introduced in the Vendidad sadah in an abbreviated form, possibly copied from Vend. IX, 118. Vv. FINDING A CORPSE IN THE WILDERNESS. 455 V. Fuinpinc a Corpse IN THE WILDERNESS. THE controversy between MA4niséthar and his brother, Z4d-sparam, of which the Epistles of MAntskthar are the only portion extant, turned chiefly upon the meaning to be attached to Vend. VIII, 271-2991, and whether the mode of purification therein detailed was a sufficient substitute, or merely a preparation, for the Bareshnim ceremony. The following is a translation of the Pahlavi version of this passage ?:—
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1any customary part, while being washed by him, is to be preserved from that which is not washed ; when it comes upon it, it is improper. k. When a drop of water (4v yigak6-1) shall remain upon Azm, zs hand is to be thoroughly rubbed over it; when at the same hole and he becomes doubtful as to a customary fart', when he knows which, it is to be washed by him again, and from that onwards ¢hey are always to be washed again by him; when he does not know which, the beginning of the washing at the hole is to be done again by him, and when he comes unto that which he did before, when he knows z¢, he is also to go again to that after it, from his doing again of the beginning of the washing at the hole; when he becomes doubtful as to the hole, he is to go back to that which is not doubtful. 2, And when they go from hole to hole, the dog? is to be held once, the Avesta’ of the purifier is to be spoken, and it is to be done by him thus :—When he arrives at the place, z¢ is done by him; when not, the head is to be done thoroughly—there are some who would say thus: ‘In the same hole the head is to be done thoroughly’—and all four feet of the dog are to be put by him into the hole; he is also to sit down within four finger-6veadths*, and the Paxzadasa zem6 hazkanayen (‘fifteen fmes of earth they shall 1 That is, when he is doubtful which he washed last. ? The dog is not mentioned in the Avesta account of the Bareshnfim in Vend. IX, but it is ordered to be brought before the unclean person in another such account in Vend. VIII, 120,123. The use of the dog is that its sight or touch is supposed to destroy or drive away the Nasfis, or fiend of corruption. * The exorcism in § 118. * See § 121. IV. THE BARESHNOM CEREMONY. 451 scrape together’)! are to be well completed by him, z¢ is also to be thoroughly done by him, and 4e is to be fully guarded while he properly amd thoroughly well perseveres. m. And, after it, he is to go unto the holes for water; the different times with water are just like the different holes for bull’s urine, except holding the dog; the dog, too, works for 42m inside. nm. When he seeks for it, 2¢# is to be thoroughly warmed for him; when he hungers for it, bread is to be given to him; when ¢he necessity of making water arises, something is to be held unto him; when, on account of his imperfect strength (vad zérth), he is quite unable to wash, some one is to sit down inside with him; when 4e is only just*® washed, he is to come into his position therein before, the zxward prayer is to be spoken out by him, and the zxward prayer is to be again offered by him, his customary parts are also washed, and are to be considered as — washed. o. When he shall keep on for three washings‘, though not clean, it is not improper; when he does Not attain three washings, it is not proper; when the enclosure is not to be formed to the north 4, it is not proper; when one shall not solemnize the Vendidad service *, it is not proper.
2o. When he shall keep on for three washings‘, though not clean, it is not improper; when he does Not attain three washings, it is not proper; when the enclosure is not to be formed to the north 4, it is not proper; when one shall not solemnize the Vendidad service *, it is not proper. p. When the purifier shall not have performed the ritual, it is not proper; when the purifier is not a man, it is not proper. 1 The Avesta version of § 123. * The water, apparently. : ® Perhaps it should be Aand t4k, ‘several times,’ instead of Aigfin tak, ‘only just.’ * See §§ 136, 140, 144. ® See § e. * See § 3. Gg2 452 APPENDIX. g. When he shall not wash on the customary parts, it is not proper; when he does not utter the Avesta, it is not proper; and when the dog’? is not held, it is not proper; when ¢here is no digging of the holes, it is not proper; when he does not perform the Pazsadasa zemé hazkanayen (‘fifteen times of earth they shall scrape together’)?, it is not proper. vy. When 7z¢ is not the purifier who scores the furrows, and he does not score them with a blade, nor does he score ¢hem with the recitation of the Avesta, nor does he score ¢hem in the day/zme, it is not proper. s. When he shall see axything impure in the hole, it is not proper; when they shall cause rain fo come within a hole for bull’s urine, it is not proper; when night shall come in upon him, it is not proper; when in everything ¢here is suitableness, but as to one thing doubt arises, through that suitableness it is not proper. ] 133. ‘AZe* is to sit down in the place of the secluded (armést4n6) 5, within the precinct (sit74) of Azs abode, apart from the other Mazda-worshippers. 134. He shall not come with authorization to fire, nor to water, nor to earth, nor to animals, nor to plants, nor to a righteous man, nor to a righteous 1 See § 4 * See § 123. 5 See §7 « He who has been by the dead, as stated in § 132, in connection with which this sentence is to be read; the foregoing §§ a-s being interpolated by the Pahlavi translators. 5 The original meaning of armést was probably ‘most stationary,’ as it is a term applied to water in tanks, helpless cripples, and insane people, as well as to unclean persons who have to remain apart from their friends (see Sls. II, 98 n). IV, THE BARESHNOM CEREMONY. 453 woman, (135) at all from that “me, until the time when his three nights shall fully elapse. 136. ‘After those three nights he shall wash over fas body, and £zs clothes are purified over in such a way as with bull’s urine and also with water. 137. He shall sit in the place of the secluded, within the precinct of 4zs abode, apart from the other Mazdaworshippers. 138. He shall not come with authorization to fire, Gc. [just as has deen written 7 § 134], (139) at all from that ¢2me, until ¢he time when his six nights shall fully elapse.
3137. He shall sit in the place of the secluded, within the precinct of 4zs abode, apart from the other Mazdaworshippers. 138. He shall not come with authorization to fire, Gc. [just as has deen written 7 § 134], (139) at all from that ¢2me, until ¢he time when his six nights shall fully elapse. 140. ‘After those six nights’ he shall wash over his body, and zs clothes are purified over in such a way as with bull’s urine and also with water. 141— 143. He shall sit in the place of the secluded [just as has been written zn §§ 133-135] «adel the time when Ais nine nights shall fully elapse. 144. ‘Then, after the nine nights, he shall wash over hts body, and his clothes are purified over in such a way as with bulls urine and also with water, 145. Then he shall come with authorization unto fire, unto water, unto earth, unto animals, unto plants, unto a righteous man, unto a righteous woman.’ Besides the above fully detailed description of the Bareshnim ceremony we find two other accounts of the rite, in the Vendid4d. Of these the most detailed is contained in Vend. VIII, 117-228, which mentions the use of the dog?, the nine holes, the washing with bull's urine and water, and all the 1 The MSS. omit several words, when sentences are repeated, for the sake of brevity. 3 See § / above. 454 APPENDIX. detail of driving the fiend of corruption from one part of the body to another (by sprinkling with ‘the good waters’) till it flies away to the north as in Vend. 1X, 117. But it omits the description of the purifier, the dimensions of the purifying place, the scoring of the furrows, the placing of the stones, the exorcism !, the seclusion for nine nights, and all the washings after the first day. The other account, which is much shorter, is given in Vend. XIX, 67-84. It specifies that the urine must be that of a young bull, and that the purifier must score a furrow; it mentions the recitation of a hundred Ashem-vohis and two hundred Yath4-ahdvairyés, four washings with bull’s urine and two with water, nine nights’ exposure, followed by attention to the fire and fumigation, when the man clothes himself while paying homage to the sacred beings, and is clean; but no other details are given. 1 That is, the exorcism is not found in the Pahlavi version, but is introduced in the Vendidad sadah in an abbreviated form, possibly copied from Vend. IX, 118. Vv. FINDING A CORPSE IN THE WILDERNESS. 455 V. Fuinpinc a Corpse IN THE WILDERNESS. THE controversy between MA4niséthar and his brother, Z4d-sparam, of which the Epistles of MAntskthar are the only portion extant, turned chiefly upon the meaning to be attached to Vend. VIII, 271-2991, and whether the mode of purification therein detailed was a sufficient substitute, or merely a preparation, for the Bareshnim ceremony. The following is a translation of the Pahlavi version of this passage ?:—
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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