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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1In the Preface to the Shf it is attributed to Po-AAin, the son of the duke of Xu; and there is a general acquiescence of tradition and critics in this view. We may account for its position out of the chronological order from 1 Compare king KA&ng’s gift to the duke of Xéu, in the Announcement concerning Lo, ch. 6. * The conferring on a prince of a bow and arrows, invested him with the power of punishing throughout the states within his jurisdiction all who were disobedient to the royal commands, but not of taking life without first reporting to the court. The gift was also a tribute to the merit of the receiver. See the Book of Poetry, II, iii, ode 1. 268 THE SHO KING. PART V. the Book’s being the record not of any royal doings, but of the words of the ruler of a state. The speech has reference to some military operations against the wild tribes on the Hw4i river and in other parts of the province of Hsii; and we have seen that they were in insurrection many times during the reign of Khang. We thus cannot tell exactly the year in which the speech was delivered. Po-&/in presided over his state of Lf for the long period of fifty-three years, and died B. c. 1063. The name of Pf is retained in the district still so called of the department of f-A4u. At first it was an independent territory, but attached to Lf, and under the jurisdiction of its marquises, by one of whom it had been incorporated with LQ before the time of Confucius. Po-khin appears at the head of his host, approaching the scene of active operations. Having commanded silence, he issues his orders, first, that the soldiers shall have their weapons in good order; next, that the people of the country shall take care of the oxen and horses of the army; further, that the troops on no account leave their ranks or go astray; and finally, he names the day when he will commence operations against the enemy, and commands all the requisite preparations to be made. _ The duke said, ‘Ah! ye men, make no noise, but listen to my commands. We are going (to punish) those wild tribes of the Hwd4i and of Hsii, which have risen up together. ‘ Have in good repair your buff coats and helmets ; have the laces of your shields well secured ;—presume not to have any of them but in perfect order. Prepare your bows and arrows ; temper your lances and spears; sharpen your pointed and edged weapons ;— presume not to have any of them but in good condition. ‘We must now largely let the oxen and horses: loose, and not keep them in enclosures ;— (ye people), do you close your traps and fill up your pitfalls, and do not presume to injure any of the animals (so let loose). If any of them be injured, . BOOK XXIX. THE SPEECH AT Pf. 269 you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments,
2If any of them be injured, . BOOK XXIX. THE SPEECH AT Pf. 269 you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments, ‘When the horses or cattle are seeking one another, or when your followers, male or female, abscond, presume not to leave the ranks to pursue them. But let them be carefully returned. I will reward you (among the people) who return them according to their value. But if you leave your places to pursue them, or if you who find them do not restore them, you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments. ‘And let none of you presume to commit any robbery or detain any creature that comes in your way, to jump over enclosures and walls to steal (people’s) horses or oxen, or to decoy away their servants or female attendants. If you do so, you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments. _ £On the day Aia-hsii I will take action against the hordes of Hsti ;—prepare the roasted grain and other provisions, and presume not to have any deficiency. If you have, you shall suffer the severest punishment. Ye men of Ld, from the three environing territories and the three tracts beyond’, 1 Outside the capital city was an environing territory called the Kifo, and beyond the Kido was the Sui. The Xiao of the royal domain was divided again into six Hsiang, which furnished the six royal hosts, while the Sui beyond furnished subsidiary hosts. The Xiao and Sui of a large state furnished three hosts, and if need ‘were, subsidiary battalions. The language of the text is equivalent, I conceive, simply to ‘ye men of the army of Lfi;’ but, as P. Gaubil observes, it is difficult at the present day to get correct ideas of what is meant by the designations, and to account for the mention of three Kido and three Sui. 270 | THE sHt KING. PART V. be ready with your posts and planks. On ia-hsii I will commence my intrenchments ;—dare not but be provided with a supply of these. (If you be not so provided), you shall be subjected to various punishments, short only of death. Ye men of L4, from the three environing territories and the three tracts beyond, be ready with the forage, and do not dare to let it be other than abundant. (If you do), you shall suffer the severest punishment.’ Book XXX. Tue SpeecH oF (THE Marquis or) HIN. Tue state of Xin, at the time to which this speech belongs, was one of the most powerful in the kingdom, and already giving promise of what it would grow to. Ultimately, one ofits princes overthrew the dynasty of Xu, and brought feudal China to an end. Its earliest capital was in the present district of Kangshui, KAin X4u, Kan-sf.
3Ultimately, one ofits princes overthrew the dynasty of Xu, and brought feudal China to an end. Its earliest capital was in the present district of Kangshui, KAin X4u, Kan-sf. Khin and Xin were engaged together in s.c. 631 in besieging the capital of Kang, and threatened to extinguish that state. The marquis of Kin, however, was suddenly induced to withdraw his troops, leaving three of his officers in friendly relations with the court of Kang, and under engagement to defend the state from aggression. These men played the part of spies in the interest of KAin, and in 8. c. 629, one of them, called KAi-3ze, sent word that he was in charge of one of the gates, and if an army were sent to surprise the capital, Kang might be added to the territories of Khin. The marquis—known in history as duke Mf—laid the matter before his counsellors, The most experienced of them—P4i-lt Hst and Xhien-shO— were against taking advantage of the proposed treachery; but the marquis listened rather to the promptings of ambition; and the next year he sent a large force, under his three ablest com- : manders, hoping to find Kang unprepared for any resistance. The attempt, however, failed; and the army, on its way back to BOOK Xxx. THE SPEECH OF KXHIN. 271 Kzhin, was attacked by the forces of Xin, and sustained a terrible defeat. It was nearly annihilated, and the three commanders were taken prisoners. The marquis of Xin was intending to put these captives to death, but finally sent them to Ain, that duke MQ might himself sacrifice them to his anger for their want of success. Mf, however, did no such thing. He went from his capital to meet the disgraced generals, and comforted them, saying that the blame of their defeat was due to himself, who had refused to listen to the advice of his wise counsellors. Then also, it is said, he made the speech here preserved for the benefit of all his ministers, describing the good and bad minister, and the different issues of listening to them, and deploring how he had himself foolishly rejected the advice of his aged counsellors, and followed that of new men ;—a thing which he would never do again. The duke! said, ‘Ah! my officers, listen to me without noise. I solemnly announce to you the most important of all sayings. (It is this which) the ancients have said, “ Thus it is with all people, —they mostly love their ease. In reproving others there is no difficulty, but to receive reproof, and allow it to have free course,—this is difficult.” The sorrow of my heart is, that the days and months have passed away, and it is not likely they will come again, (so that I might pursue a different course.) ‘ There were my old counsellors*.—I said, “ They will not accommodate themselves to me,” and I hated them. There were my new counsellors, and I would for the time give my confidence to them’. So indeed it was with me; but hereafter I will
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1In the Preface to the Shf it is attributed to Po-AAin, the son of the duke of Xu; and there is a general acquiescence of tradition and critics in this view. We may account for its position out of the chronological order from 1 Compare king KA&ng’s gift to the duke of Xéu, in the Announcement concerning Lo, ch. 6. * The conferring on a prince of a bow and arrows, invested him with the power of punishing throughout the states within his jurisdiction all who were disobedient to the royal commands, but not of taking life without first reporting to the court. The gift was also a tribute to the merit of the receiver. See the Book of Poetry, II, iii, ode 1. 268 THE SHO KING. PART V. the Book’s being the record not of any royal doings, but of the words of the ruler of a state. The speech has reference to some military operations against the wild tribes on the Hw4i river and in other parts of the province of Hsii; and we have seen that they were in insurrection many times during the reign of Khang. We thus cannot tell exactly the year in which the speech was delivered. Po-&/in presided over his state of Lf for the long period of fifty-three years, and died B. c. 1063. The name of Pf is retained in the district still so called of the department of f-A4u. At first it was an independent territory, but attached to Lf, and under the jurisdiction of its marquises, by one of whom it had been incorporated with LQ before the time of Confucius. Po-khin appears at the head of his host, approaching the scene of active operations. Having commanded silence, he issues his orders, first, that the soldiers shall have their weapons in good order; next, that the people of the country shall take care of the oxen and horses of the army; further, that the troops on no account leave their ranks or go astray; and finally, he names the day when he will commence operations against the enemy, and commands all the requisite preparations to be made. _ The duke said, ‘Ah! ye men, make no noise, but listen to my commands. We are going (to punish) those wild tribes of the Hwd4i and of Hsii, which have risen up together. ‘ Have in good repair your buff coats and helmets ; have the laces of your shields well secured ;—presume not to have any of them but in perfect order. Prepare your bows and arrows ; temper your lances and spears; sharpen your pointed and edged weapons ;— presume not to have any of them but in good condition. ‘We must now largely let the oxen and horses: loose, and not keep them in enclosures ;— (ye people), do you close your traps and fill up your pitfalls, and do not presume to injure any of the animals (so let loose). If any of them be injured, . BOOK XXIX. THE SPEECH AT Pf. 269 you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments,
2If any of them be injured, . BOOK XXIX. THE SPEECH AT Pf. 269 you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments, ‘When the horses or cattle are seeking one another, or when your followers, male or female, abscond, presume not to leave the ranks to pursue them. But let them be carefully returned. I will reward you (among the people) who return them according to their value. But if you leave your places to pursue them, or if you who find them do not restore them, you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments. ‘And let none of you presume to commit any robbery or detain any creature that comes in your way, to jump over enclosures and walls to steal (people’s) horses or oxen, or to decoy away their servants or female attendants. If you do so, you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments. _ £On the day Aia-hsii I will take action against the hordes of Hsti ;—prepare the roasted grain and other provisions, and presume not to have any deficiency. If you have, you shall suffer the severest punishment. Ye men of Ld, from the three environing territories and the three tracts beyond’, 1 Outside the capital city was an environing territory called the Kifo, and beyond the Kido was the Sui. The Xiao of the royal domain was divided again into six Hsiang, which furnished the six royal hosts, while the Sui beyond furnished subsidiary hosts. The Xiao and Sui of a large state furnished three hosts, and if need ‘were, subsidiary battalions. The language of the text is equivalent, I conceive, simply to ‘ye men of the army of Lfi;’ but, as P. Gaubil observes, it is difficult at the present day to get correct ideas of what is meant by the designations, and to account for the mention of three Kido and three Sui. 270 | THE sHt KING. PART V. be ready with your posts and planks. On ia-hsii I will commence my intrenchments ;—dare not but be provided with a supply of these. (If you be not so provided), you shall be subjected to various punishments, short only of death. Ye men of L4, from the three environing territories and the three tracts beyond, be ready with the forage, and do not dare to let it be other than abundant. (If you do), you shall suffer the severest punishment.’ Book XXX. Tue SpeecH oF (THE Marquis or) HIN. Tue state of Xin, at the time to which this speech belongs, was one of the most powerful in the kingdom, and already giving promise of what it would grow to. Ultimately, one ofits princes overthrew the dynasty of Xu, and brought feudal China to an end. Its earliest capital was in the present district of Kangshui, KAin X4u, Kan-sf.
3Ultimately, one ofits princes overthrew the dynasty of Xu, and brought feudal China to an end. Its earliest capital was in the present district of Kangshui, KAin X4u, Kan-sf. Khin and Xin were engaged together in s.c. 631 in besieging the capital of Kang, and threatened to extinguish that state. The marquis of Kin, however, was suddenly induced to withdraw his troops, leaving three of his officers in friendly relations with the court of Kang, and under engagement to defend the state from aggression. These men played the part of spies in the interest of KAin, and in 8. c. 629, one of them, called KAi-3ze, sent word that he was in charge of one of the gates, and if an army were sent to surprise the capital, Kang might be added to the territories of Khin. The marquis—known in history as duke Mf—laid the matter before his counsellors, The most experienced of them—P4i-lt Hst and Xhien-shO— were against taking advantage of the proposed treachery; but the marquis listened rather to the promptings of ambition; and the next year he sent a large force, under his three ablest com- : manders, hoping to find Kang unprepared for any resistance. The attempt, however, failed; and the army, on its way back to BOOK Xxx. THE SPEECH OF KXHIN. 271 Kzhin, was attacked by the forces of Xin, and sustained a terrible defeat. It was nearly annihilated, and the three commanders were taken prisoners. The marquis of Xin was intending to put these captives to death, but finally sent them to Ain, that duke MQ might himself sacrifice them to his anger for their want of success. Mf, however, did no such thing. He went from his capital to meet the disgraced generals, and comforted them, saying that the blame of their defeat was due to himself, who had refused to listen to the advice of his wise counsellors. Then also, it is said, he made the speech here preserved for the benefit of all his ministers, describing the good and bad minister, and the different issues of listening to them, and deploring how he had himself foolishly rejected the advice of his aged counsellors, and followed that of new men ;—a thing which he would never do again. The duke! said, ‘Ah! my officers, listen to me without noise. I solemnly announce to you the most important of all sayings. (It is this which) the ancients have said, “ Thus it is with all people, —they mostly love their ease. In reproving others there is no difficulty, but to receive reproof, and allow it to have free course,—this is difficult.” The sorrow of my heart is, that the days and months have passed away, and it is not likely they will come again, (so that I might pursue a different course.) ‘ There were my old counsellors*.—I said, “ They will not accommodate themselves to me,” and I hated them. There were my new counsellors, and I would for the time give my confidence to them’. So indeed it was with me; but hereafter I will
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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