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1God then sovereignly punished him, and caused us to possess the great land, enjoy the favouring decree which Shau had (afore) received, and govern all the people in their myriad realms,’ * 4. ‘Then subsequently there were king Wan and king Wa, who knew well the minds of those whom they put in the three positions, and saw clearly the minds of those who had the three grades of ability. Thus they could employ them to serve God with reverence, and appointed them as presidents and chiefs of the people. In establishing their government, the three things which principally concerned them were to find the men for (high) offices, the officers of justice, and the pastors. (They had also) the guards ; the keepers of the robes ; their equerries ; their heads of small departments; their personal attendants; their various overseers; and their trea- ‘surers. They had their governors of the larger and smaller cities assigned in the royal domain to the 1 That is, within the royal domain. BOOK XIX. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GOVERNMENT. 223 nobles; their men of arts!; their overseers whose offices were beyond the court; their grand historiographers ; and their heads of departments ;—all good men of constant virtue. ‘(In the external states) there were the Minister of Instruction, the Minister of War, and the Minister of Works, with the many officers subordinate to them. Among the wild tribes, such as:‘the Wei, the Ld, and the Aang’, in the three Po, and at the dangerous passes, they had wardens. ‘King Wan was able to make the minds of those in the (three high) positions his own, and so it was that he established those regular officers and superintending pastors, so that they were men of ability and virtue. He would not appear himself in the various notifications, in litigations, and in precautionary measures. There were the officers and pastors (to attend to them), whom he (simply) taught to be obedient (to his wishes), and not to be disobedient. (Yea), as to litigations and precautionary measures, he (would seem as if he) did not presume to know about them. He was followed by king Wd, who carried out his work of settlement, and did not presume to supersede his righteous and virtuous men, but entered into his plans, and employed, as before, those men. Thus it was that they unitedly received this vast inheritance.’ ‘ All who employed their arts in the service of the government;— officers of prayer, clerks, archers, charioteers, doctors, diviners, and the practisers of the various mechanical aris, &c. * Compare what is said in ‘the Speech at Mf,’ ch. 1. The Khang are not mentioned there. It would seem to be the name of a wild tribe. The three Po had all been capitals of the Shang kings, and their people required the special attention of the sovereigns of KAu. 224 THE SHO KING. PART V.
2* Compare what is said in ‘the Speech at Mf,’ ch. 1. The Khang are not mentioned there. It would seem to be the name of a wild tribe. The three Po had all been capitals of the Shang kings, and their people required the special attention of the sovereigns of KAu. 224 THE SHO KING. PART V. 5. ‘Oh! young son, the king, from this time forth be it ours to establish the government, appointing the (high) officers, the officers of the laws, and the pastors ;—be it ours clearly to know what courses are natural to these men, and then fully to employ them in the government, that they may aid us in the management of the people whom we have received, and harmoniously conduct all litigations and precautionary measures. And let us never allow others to come between us and them. (Yea), in our every word and speech, let us be thinking of (these) officers of complete virtue, to regulate the people that we have received. . ‘Oh! I, Tan, have received these excellent words of others!, and tell them all to you, young son, the king. From this time forth, O accomplished son (of Wa), accomplished grandson (of Wn), do not err in regard to the litigations and precautionary measures ;—let the proper officers manage them. From of old to the founder of Shang, and downwards to king Wan of our X4u, in establishing government, when they appointed (high) officers, pastors, and officers of the laws, they settled them in their positions, and allowed them to unfold their talents ;—thus giving the regulation of affairs into their hands. In the kingdom, never has there been the establishment of government by the employment of artful-tongued men; (with such men), unlessoned in virtue, never can a government be distinguished in the world. From this time forth, in establishing government, make no use of artful-tongued men, ’ Probably all the other officers or ministers referred to in ch. 1. They are there prepared to speak their views, when the duke of 4u takes all the discoursing on himself. BOOK XIX. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GOVERNMENT. 225 but (seek for) good officers, and get them to use all their powers in aiding the government of our country. Now, O accomplished son (of Wd), accomplished grandson (of Wan), young son, the king, do not err in the matter of litigations ;—there are the officers and pastors (to attend to them). ‘ Have well arranged (also) your military accoutrements and weapons, so that you may go forth beyond the steps of Yii, and traverse all under the sky, even to beyond the seas, everywhere meeting with submission :—so shall you display the bright glory of king W4&n, and render more illustrious the great achievements of king Wa}. ‘Oh! from this time forth, may (our) future kings, in establishing the government, be able to employ men of constant virtue !’
3‘Oh! from this time forth, may (our) future kings, in establishing the government, be able to employ men of constant virtue !’ 6. The duke of K&éu spoke to the following effect :—‘O grand historiographer, the duke of Sa, the Minister of Crime, dealt reverently with all the criminal matters that came before him, and thereby perpetuated the fortunes of our kingdom. Here was an example of anxious solicitude (for future ministers), whereby they may rank with him in the ordering of the appropriate punishments *.’ 1 At the close of his address to prince Shih, Book xvi, the duke of K4u breaks all at once into a warlike mood, as he does here. * I have said in the introductory note that this chapter does not seem to have any connexion with the rest of the Book. From a passage in the 80 Awan, under the eleventh year of duke KAang, we learn that a SQ Fan-shang, or Fan-shang of SQ, was Minister of Crime to king W4. It is probably to him that the duke here alludes. [1] Q 226 THE SHO KING. PART V. Book XX. Tue Orricers or KAv. ‘Tue Officers of X4u’ contains a general outline of the official system of the Kau dynasty, detailing the names and functions of the principal ministers about the court and others, to whom, moreover, various counsels are addressed by the king who speaks in it—no doubt, king KA&’ng. Chinese critics class it with the ‘Instructions’ of the Sh, but it belongs rather to the ‘Announcements.’ There is no mention in it of the duke of Kau; and its date must therefore be in some year after he had retired from the regency, and resigned the government into the king’s own hands. The Book has a beginning, middle, and end, more distinctly marked than they are in many of the documents in the Sh. The whole is divided into five chapters. The first is introductory, and describes the condition of the kingdom, when the arrangements of the official system were announced. In the second, the king refers to the arrangements of former dynasties. In the third, he sets forth the principal offices of state, the ministers of which had their residence at court, and goes on to the arrangements for the administration of the provinces. The two other chapters contain many excellent advices to the ministers and officers to discharge their duties so that the fortunes of the dynasty might be consolidated, and no dissatisfaction arise among the myriad states. 1. The king of K4u brought the myriad regions (of the kingdom) to tranquillity; he made a tour of inspection through the H4u and Tien tenures; he punished on all sides the chiefs who had refused to appear at court; thus securing the repose of the millions of the people, and all the (princes in the) six tenures acknowledging his virtue. He then returned to the honoured capital of Au, and strictly regulated the officers of the administration. 2. The king said, ‘It was the grand method of former times to regulate the government while there BOOK XxX. THE OFFICERS OF KAU. 227
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1God then sovereignly punished him, and caused us to possess the great land, enjoy the favouring decree which Shau had (afore) received, and govern all the people in their myriad realms,’ * 4. ‘Then subsequently there were king Wan and king Wa, who knew well the minds of those whom they put in the three positions, and saw clearly the minds of those who had the three grades of ability. Thus they could employ them to serve God with reverence, and appointed them as presidents and chiefs of the people. In establishing their government, the three things which principally concerned them were to find the men for (high) offices, the officers of justice, and the pastors. (They had also) the guards ; the keepers of the robes ; their equerries ; their heads of small departments; their personal attendants; their various overseers; and their trea- ‘surers. They had their governors of the larger and smaller cities assigned in the royal domain to the 1 That is, within the royal domain. BOOK XIX. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GOVERNMENT. 223 nobles; their men of arts!; their overseers whose offices were beyond the court; their grand historiographers ; and their heads of departments ;—all good men of constant virtue. ‘(In the external states) there were the Minister of Instruction, the Minister of War, and the Minister of Works, with the many officers subordinate to them. Among the wild tribes, such as:‘the Wei, the Ld, and the Aang’, in the three Po, and at the dangerous passes, they had wardens. ‘King Wan was able to make the minds of those in the (three high) positions his own, and so it was that he established those regular officers and superintending pastors, so that they were men of ability and virtue. He would not appear himself in the various notifications, in litigations, and in precautionary measures. There were the officers and pastors (to attend to them), whom he (simply) taught to be obedient (to his wishes), and not to be disobedient. (Yea), as to litigations and precautionary measures, he (would seem as if he) did not presume to know about them. He was followed by king Wd, who carried out his work of settlement, and did not presume to supersede his righteous and virtuous men, but entered into his plans, and employed, as before, those men. Thus it was that they unitedly received this vast inheritance.’ ‘ All who employed their arts in the service of the government;— officers of prayer, clerks, archers, charioteers, doctors, diviners, and the practisers of the various mechanical aris, &c. * Compare what is said in ‘the Speech at Mf,’ ch. 1. The Khang are not mentioned there. It would seem to be the name of a wild tribe. The three Po had all been capitals of the Shang kings, and their people required the special attention of the sovereigns of KAu. 224 THE SHO KING. PART V.
2* Compare what is said in ‘the Speech at Mf,’ ch. 1. The Khang are not mentioned there. It would seem to be the name of a wild tribe. The three Po had all been capitals of the Shang kings, and their people required the special attention of the sovereigns of KAu. 224 THE SHO KING. PART V. 5. ‘Oh! young son, the king, from this time forth be it ours to establish the government, appointing the (high) officers, the officers of the laws, and the pastors ;—be it ours clearly to know what courses are natural to these men, and then fully to employ them in the government, that they may aid us in the management of the people whom we have received, and harmoniously conduct all litigations and precautionary measures. And let us never allow others to come between us and them. (Yea), in our every word and speech, let us be thinking of (these) officers of complete virtue, to regulate the people that we have received. . ‘Oh! I, Tan, have received these excellent words of others!, and tell them all to you, young son, the king. From this time forth, O accomplished son (of Wa), accomplished grandson (of Wn), do not err in regard to the litigations and precautionary measures ;—let the proper officers manage them. From of old to the founder of Shang, and downwards to king Wan of our X4u, in establishing government, when they appointed (high) officers, pastors, and officers of the laws, they settled them in their positions, and allowed them to unfold their talents ;—thus giving the regulation of affairs into their hands. In the kingdom, never has there been the establishment of government by the employment of artful-tongued men; (with such men), unlessoned in virtue, never can a government be distinguished in the world. From this time forth, in establishing government, make no use of artful-tongued men, ’ Probably all the other officers or ministers referred to in ch. 1. They are there prepared to speak their views, when the duke of 4u takes all the discoursing on himself. BOOK XIX. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GOVERNMENT. 225 but (seek for) good officers, and get them to use all their powers in aiding the government of our country. Now, O accomplished son (of Wd), accomplished grandson (of Wan), young son, the king, do not err in the matter of litigations ;—there are the officers and pastors (to attend to them). ‘ Have well arranged (also) your military accoutrements and weapons, so that you may go forth beyond the steps of Yii, and traverse all under the sky, even to beyond the seas, everywhere meeting with submission :—so shall you display the bright glory of king W4&n, and render more illustrious the great achievements of king Wa}. ‘Oh! from this time forth, may (our) future kings, in establishing the government, be able to employ men of constant virtue !’
3‘Oh! from this time forth, may (our) future kings, in establishing the government, be able to employ men of constant virtue !’ 6. The duke of K&éu spoke to the following effect :—‘O grand historiographer, the duke of Sa, the Minister of Crime, dealt reverently with all the criminal matters that came before him, and thereby perpetuated the fortunes of our kingdom. Here was an example of anxious solicitude (for future ministers), whereby they may rank with him in the ordering of the appropriate punishments *.’ 1 At the close of his address to prince Shih, Book xvi, the duke of K4u breaks all at once into a warlike mood, as he does here. * I have said in the introductory note that this chapter does not seem to have any connexion with the rest of the Book. From a passage in the 80 Awan, under the eleventh year of duke KAang, we learn that a SQ Fan-shang, or Fan-shang of SQ, was Minister of Crime to king W4. It is probably to him that the duke here alludes. [1] Q 226 THE SHO KING. PART V. Book XX. Tue Orricers or KAv. ‘Tue Officers of X4u’ contains a general outline of the official system of the Kau dynasty, detailing the names and functions of the principal ministers about the court and others, to whom, moreover, various counsels are addressed by the king who speaks in it—no doubt, king KA&’ng. Chinese critics class it with the ‘Instructions’ of the Sh, but it belongs rather to the ‘Announcements.’ There is no mention in it of the duke of Kau; and its date must therefore be in some year after he had retired from the regency, and resigned the government into the king’s own hands. The Book has a beginning, middle, and end, more distinctly marked than they are in many of the documents in the Sh. The whole is divided into five chapters. The first is introductory, and describes the condition of the kingdom, when the arrangements of the official system were announced. In the second, the king refers to the arrangements of former dynasties. In the third, he sets forth the principal offices of state, the ministers of which had their residence at court, and goes on to the arrangements for the administration of the provinces. The two other chapters contain many excellent advices to the ministers and officers to discharge their duties so that the fortunes of the dynasty might be consolidated, and no dissatisfaction arise among the myriad states. 1. The king of K4u brought the myriad regions (of the kingdom) to tranquillity; he made a tour of inspection through the H4u and Tien tenures; he punished on all sides the chiefs who had refused to appear at court; thus securing the repose of the millions of the people, and all the (princes in the) six tenures acknowledging his virtue. He then returned to the honoured capital of Au, and strictly regulated the officers of the administration. 2. The king said, ‘It was the grand method of former times to regulate the government while there BOOK XxX. THE OFFICERS OF KAU. 227
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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