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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Once more he addresses his confederate princes, his officers, and his men. He sets forth more briefly the intolerable wickedness of Sh4u, and instructs and warns his troops how they are to behave in the fight. M& was in the south of the present district of At, department Wei-hui, Ho-nan, a tract of open country stretching into the district of X}, and at no great distance from the capital of Sh4u. 1. The time was the grey dawn of the day Ai4-jze. On that morning the king came to the open country of Ma, in the borders of Shang, and addressed his army. In his left hand he carried a battle-axe, yellow with gold, and in his right he held a white ensign, which he waved, saying, ‘Far are ye come, ye men of the western regions!’ He added, ‘Ah! ye hereditary rulers of my friendly states; ye managers of affairs,—the Ministers of Instruction, of War, and of Works; the great officers subordinate to these, and the many other officers; the master of my body-guards; the captains of thousands and captains of hundreds; and ye, O men of Yung, Shd, Kiang, Mao, Wei, La, Phang, and Pho’, lift up your lances, join your shields, raise your spears :— I have a speech to make.’ * These are the names of eight different tribes or confederations of tribes of the south and west. We are to look for their sites in Sze-Adiian, Yiin-nan, and Hf-pei. They were, no doubt, an important portion of W(’s army, but only as auxiliaries. It is too much to ascribe, as some have done, the overthrow of Shang to an irruption of barbarous people from the west. K 2 132 THE SHO KING. PART Y. 2. The king (then) said, ‘ The ancients have said, “The hen does not announce the morning. The crowing of a hen in the morning (indicates) the subversion of the family.” Now Shdau, the king of Shang, follows only the words of his wife. In his blindness he has neglected the sacrifices which he ought to offer, and makes no response (for the favours that he has received) ;* he has also cast off his paternal and maternal relations, not treating them properly. They are only the vagabonds from all quarters, loaded with crimes, whom, he honours and exalts, whom he employs and trusts, making them great officers and high nobles, so that they can tyrannize over the people, and exercise their villainies in the cities of Shang. ‘Now, I, Fa, am simply executing respectfully the punishment appointed by Heaven.* In to-day’s business do not advance more than six or seven steps, and then stop and adjust your ranks ;—my brave men, be energetic! Do not exceed four blows, five blows, six blows, or seven blows, and then stop and adjust your ranks ;—my brave men, be energetic! Display a martial bearing. Be like tigers and panthers, like bears and grisly bears,— (here) in the borders of Shang. Do not rush on thcse who fly (to us in submission), but receive them to serve our western land ;—my brave men, be energetic! If you be not energetic (in all these matters), you will bring destruction on yourselves.’
2Do not rush on thcse who fly (to us in submission), but receive them to serve our western land ;—my brave men, be energetic! If you be not energetic (in all these matters), you will bring destruction on yourselves.’ BOOK II. SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE WAR. 133 Boox III. Tue SuccressFUL COMPLETION OF THE War. I nave divided this Book into three chapters :—one, consisting of brief historical notes of the commencement and close of W(’'s expedition ; a second, giving the address (or a part of it) delivered by Wf to his nobles and officers on occasion, we may suppose, of their recognition of him as king, and his confirming some of them in their old states or appointments, and giving new ones to others; the third again historical, and relating several incidents of the battle between Wf and Shau, and going on to subsequent events and important governmental measures of the new dynasty. Most Chinese critics hold that portions of the Book are lost, and that the paragraphs of it are, besides, erroneously arranged. In what division of the documents of the Shfi it should be classified, it is not easy to say. It is more like a ‘Canon’ than anything else. 1. In the first month, the day Zan-£A4an immediately followed the end of the moon’s waning. The next day was Kwei-ét, when the king, in the morning, marched from A4u! to attack and punish Shang. In the fourth month, at the first appearance of the moon, the king came from Shang to Fang *, when he hushed all the movements of war, and proceeded to cultivate the arts of peace. He sent back his horses to the south of mount Hw, 1 K4u is, probably, Wd’s capital, called H4o, about ten miles south of the present district city of Kang-an, and not quite so far from his father’s capital of Fang. The river Fang ran between them. 3 In Fang there was the ancestral temple of the lords of K4u, and thither from the capital of Shang, ¥ Wa now repaired for the purpose of sacrificing. 134 THE SHO KING. PART V. and let loose his oxen in the open country of ThAolin', showing to all under heaven that he would not use them (again). On the day Ting-wei, he sacrificed in the ancestral temple of K’u,when (the princes) of the royal domain, and of the Tien, H4u, and Wei domains, all hurried about, carrying the dishes.* The third day after was Kang-hsii, when he presented a burnt-offering to Heaven, and worshipped towards the hills and rivers, solemnly announcing the successful completion of the war.* After the moon began to wane, the hereditary princes of the various states, and all the officers, received their appointments from * 4u 2.
32. The king spoke to the following effect :—‘Oh! ye host of princes, the first of our kings * founded his state, and commenced (the enlargement of) its territory. Kung Lif‘ was able to consolidate the services of his predecessor. But it was the king Thai who laid the foundations of the royal inheritance. The king At was diligent for the royal House; and my deceased father, king W4n, completed his merit, and grandly received the appoint- 1 The country about the hill of MQ-nif' or Khw4-f@, in the southeast of the present department of Thung-Aau. Thao-lin may be translated ‘ Peach-forest.’ * The new dynasty of Xau was now fully inaugurated. ® By ‘the first of our kings,’ we must understand Af, Shun’s Minister of Agriculture ; and his state was that of Thai. * Kung Lif, perhaps ‘duke Li@,’ appears in Pin, the present Pin K&u of Shen-hsf, about the beginning of the eighteenth century B.c., reviving the fallen fortunes of the House of XAt. History is then silent about the family for more than four centuries, when we find Than-fa, called here ‘king Thdi,’ founding the state of Kau. BOOK 111. SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE WAR. 135 ment of Heaven, to soothe the regions of our great land.* The great states feared his strength; the small states thought fondly of his virtue. In nine years, however, the whole kingdom was not united under his rule, and. it fell to me, the little child, to carry out his will. ‘ Detesting the crimes of Shang, I announced to great Heaven and the sovereign Earth, to the famous hill! and the great river! by which I passed, saying, “T, Fa, the principled, king of Kau by a long descent, am about to administer a great correction to Shang. Sh4u, the present king of Shang, is without principle, cruel and destructive to the creatures of Heaven, injurious and tyrannical to the multitudes of the people, lord of all the vagabonds under heaven, who collect about him as fish in the deep, and beasts in the prairie. I, the little child, having obtained (the help of) virtuous men, presume reverently to comply with (the will of) God, and make an end of his disorderly ways.* Our flowery and great land, and the tribes of the south and north, equally follow and consent with me. Reverently obeying the determinate counsel of Heaven, I pursue my punitive work to the east, to give tranquillity to its men and women. They meet me with their baskets full of dark-coloured and yellow silks, thereby showing (the virtues) of us, the kings of Kau. Heaven's favours stir them up, so that they come with their allegiance to our great state of Kau. And now, ye spirits, grant me your aid, that I may relieve the millions of the people, and nothing turn out to your shame.”’ * 1 Probably mount Hw and the Ho. 136 THE SHO KING. PART V.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Once more he addresses his confederate princes, his officers, and his men. He sets forth more briefly the intolerable wickedness of Sh4u, and instructs and warns his troops how they are to behave in the fight. M& was in the south of the present district of At, department Wei-hui, Ho-nan, a tract of open country stretching into the district of X}, and at no great distance from the capital of Sh4u. 1. The time was the grey dawn of the day Ai4-jze. On that morning the king came to the open country of Ma, in the borders of Shang, and addressed his army. In his left hand he carried a battle-axe, yellow with gold, and in his right he held a white ensign, which he waved, saying, ‘Far are ye come, ye men of the western regions!’ He added, ‘Ah! ye hereditary rulers of my friendly states; ye managers of affairs,—the Ministers of Instruction, of War, and of Works; the great officers subordinate to these, and the many other officers; the master of my body-guards; the captains of thousands and captains of hundreds; and ye, O men of Yung, Shd, Kiang, Mao, Wei, La, Phang, and Pho’, lift up your lances, join your shields, raise your spears :— I have a speech to make.’ * These are the names of eight different tribes or confederations of tribes of the south and west. We are to look for their sites in Sze-Adiian, Yiin-nan, and Hf-pei. They were, no doubt, an important portion of W(’s army, but only as auxiliaries. It is too much to ascribe, as some have done, the overthrow of Shang to an irruption of barbarous people from the west. K 2 132 THE SHO KING. PART Y. 2. The king (then) said, ‘ The ancients have said, “The hen does not announce the morning. The crowing of a hen in the morning (indicates) the subversion of the family.” Now Shdau, the king of Shang, follows only the words of his wife. In his blindness he has neglected the sacrifices which he ought to offer, and makes no response (for the favours that he has received) ;* he has also cast off his paternal and maternal relations, not treating them properly. They are only the vagabonds from all quarters, loaded with crimes, whom, he honours and exalts, whom he employs and trusts, making them great officers and high nobles, so that they can tyrannize over the people, and exercise their villainies in the cities of Shang. ‘Now, I, Fa, am simply executing respectfully the punishment appointed by Heaven.* In to-day’s business do not advance more than six or seven steps, and then stop and adjust your ranks ;—my brave men, be energetic! Do not exceed four blows, five blows, six blows, or seven blows, and then stop and adjust your ranks ;—my brave men, be energetic! Display a martial bearing. Be like tigers and panthers, like bears and grisly bears,— (here) in the borders of Shang. Do not rush on thcse who fly (to us in submission), but receive them to serve our western land ;—my brave men, be energetic! If you be not energetic (in all these matters), you will bring destruction on yourselves.’
2Do not rush on thcse who fly (to us in submission), but receive them to serve our western land ;—my brave men, be energetic! If you be not energetic (in all these matters), you will bring destruction on yourselves.’ BOOK II. SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE WAR. 133 Boox III. Tue SuccressFUL COMPLETION OF THE War. I nave divided this Book into three chapters :—one, consisting of brief historical notes of the commencement and close of W(’'s expedition ; a second, giving the address (or a part of it) delivered by Wf to his nobles and officers on occasion, we may suppose, of their recognition of him as king, and his confirming some of them in their old states or appointments, and giving new ones to others; the third again historical, and relating several incidents of the battle between Wf and Shau, and going on to subsequent events and important governmental measures of the new dynasty. Most Chinese critics hold that portions of the Book are lost, and that the paragraphs of it are, besides, erroneously arranged. In what division of the documents of the Shfi it should be classified, it is not easy to say. It is more like a ‘Canon’ than anything else. 1. In the first month, the day Zan-£A4an immediately followed the end of the moon’s waning. The next day was Kwei-ét, when the king, in the morning, marched from A4u! to attack and punish Shang. In the fourth month, at the first appearance of the moon, the king came from Shang to Fang *, when he hushed all the movements of war, and proceeded to cultivate the arts of peace. He sent back his horses to the south of mount Hw, 1 K4u is, probably, Wd’s capital, called H4o, about ten miles south of the present district city of Kang-an, and not quite so far from his father’s capital of Fang. The river Fang ran between them. 3 In Fang there was the ancestral temple of the lords of K4u, and thither from the capital of Shang, ¥ Wa now repaired for the purpose of sacrificing. 134 THE SHO KING. PART V. and let loose his oxen in the open country of ThAolin', showing to all under heaven that he would not use them (again). On the day Ting-wei, he sacrificed in the ancestral temple of K’u,when (the princes) of the royal domain, and of the Tien, H4u, and Wei domains, all hurried about, carrying the dishes.* The third day after was Kang-hsii, when he presented a burnt-offering to Heaven, and worshipped towards the hills and rivers, solemnly announcing the successful completion of the war.* After the moon began to wane, the hereditary princes of the various states, and all the officers, received their appointments from * 4u 2.
32. The king spoke to the following effect :—‘Oh! ye host of princes, the first of our kings * founded his state, and commenced (the enlargement of) its territory. Kung Lif‘ was able to consolidate the services of his predecessor. But it was the king Thai who laid the foundations of the royal inheritance. The king At was diligent for the royal House; and my deceased father, king W4n, completed his merit, and grandly received the appoint- 1 The country about the hill of MQ-nif' or Khw4-f@, in the southeast of the present department of Thung-Aau. Thao-lin may be translated ‘ Peach-forest.’ * The new dynasty of Xau was now fully inaugurated. ® By ‘the first of our kings,’ we must understand Af, Shun’s Minister of Agriculture ; and his state was that of Thai. * Kung Lif, perhaps ‘duke Li@,’ appears in Pin, the present Pin K&u of Shen-hsf, about the beginning of the eighteenth century B.c., reviving the fallen fortunes of the House of XAt. History is then silent about the family for more than four centuries, when we find Than-fa, called here ‘king Thdi,’ founding the state of Kau. BOOK 111. SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE WAR. 135 ment of Heaven, to soothe the regions of our great land.* The great states feared his strength; the small states thought fondly of his virtue. In nine years, however, the whole kingdom was not united under his rule, and. it fell to me, the little child, to carry out his will. ‘ Detesting the crimes of Shang, I announced to great Heaven and the sovereign Earth, to the famous hill! and the great river! by which I passed, saying, “T, Fa, the principled, king of Kau by a long descent, am about to administer a great correction to Shang. Sh4u, the present king of Shang, is without principle, cruel and destructive to the creatures of Heaven, injurious and tyrannical to the multitudes of the people, lord of all the vagabonds under heaven, who collect about him as fish in the deep, and beasts in the prairie. I, the little child, having obtained (the help of) virtuous men, presume reverently to comply with (the will of) God, and make an end of his disorderly ways.* Our flowery and great land, and the tribes of the south and north, equally follow and consent with me. Reverently obeying the determinate counsel of Heaven, I pursue my punitive work to the east, to give tranquillity to its men and women. They meet me with their baskets full of dark-coloured and yellow silks, thereby showing (the virtues) of us, the kings of Kau. Heaven's favours stir them up, so that they come with their allegiance to our great state of Kau. And now, ye spirits, grant me your aid, that I may relieve the millions of the people, and nothing turn out to your shame.”’ * 1 Probably mount Hw and the Ho. 136 THE SHO KING. PART V.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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