Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Punishments and fines should (also) be light in one age, and heavy in another. To secure uniformity in this (seeming) irregularity, there are certain relations of things (to be considered), and the essential principle (to be observed). ‘The chastisement of fines is short of death, yet it will produce extreme distress. They are not (therefore) persons of artful tongues who should determine criminal cases, but really good persons, whose awards will hit the right mean. Examine carefully where there are any discrepancies in the statements ; the view which you were resolved not to follow, you may see occasion to follow; with compassion and reverence settle the cases; examine carefully the penal code, and deliberate with all about it, that your decisions may be likely to hit the proper mean and be correct ;—whether it be the infliction of a punishment or a fine, examining carefully and mastering every difficulty. When the case is thus concluded, all parties will acknowledge the justice of the sentence; and when it is reported, the sovereign will do the same. In sending up reports of cases, they must be full and complete. 264 THE SHO KING. PART V. If a man have been tried on two counts, his two punishments (must be recorded).’ 6. The king said, ‘Oh! let there be a feeling of reverence. Ye judges and princes, of the same surname with me, and of other surnames, (know all) that I speak in much fear. I think with reverence of the subject of punishment, for the end of it is to promote virtue. Now Heaven, wishing to help the people, has made us its representatives here below.* Be intelligent and pure in hearing (each) side of a case. The right ordering of the people depends on the impartial hearing of the pleas on both sides ;—do not seek for private advantage to yourselves by means of those pleas. Gain (so) got by the decision of cases is no precious acquisition ; it is an accumulation of guilt, and will be recompensed with many judgments :—you should ever stand in awe of the punishment of Heaven.* It is not Heaven that does not deal impartially with men, but men ruin themselves. If the punishment of Heaven were not so extreme, nowhere under the sky would the people have good government.’ 7. The king said, ‘Oh! ye who shall hereafter inherit (the dignities and offices of) the present time, to whom are ye to look for your models? Must it not be to those who promoted the virtue belonging to the unbiassed nature of the people? I pray you give attention to my words. The wise men (of antiquity) by their use of punishments obtained boundless fame. Everything relating to the five punishments exactly hit with them the due mean, and hence came their excellence. Receiving from your sovereigns the good multitudes, behold in the case of those men punishments made felicitous!’ BOOK XXVIII. CHARGE TO THE MARQUIS WAN. 265 Book XXVIII. THe CHARGE TO THE Marquis WAN.
2Receiving from your sovereigns the good multitudes, behold in the case of those men punishments made felicitous!’ BOOK XXVIII. CHARGE TO THE MARQUIS WAN. 265 Book XXVIII. THe CHARGE TO THE Marquis WAN. Tne king to whom this charge is ascribed was Phing (B. c. 770-719). Between him and M@i there was thus a period of fully two centuries, of which no documents are, or ever were, in the collection of the Sh. The time was occupied by seven reigns, the last of which was that of Nieh, known as king YQ, a worthless ruler, and besotted in his attachment to a female favourite, called Paéo-sze. For her sake he degraded his queen, and sent their son, 1-4/0, to the court of the lord of Shan, her father, ‘to learn good manners.’ The lord of Shan called in the assistance of some barbarian tribes, by which the capital was sacked, and the king slain; and with him ended the sway of ‘the Western Kau.’ Several of the feudal princes went to the assistance of the royal House, drove away the barbarians, brought back f-24i0 from Sh&n, and hailed him as king. He is known as king Phing, ‘the Tranquillizer. His first measure was to transfer the capital from the ruins of H4o to Lo, thus fulfilling at length, but under disastrous circumstances, the wishes of the duke of X4u; and from this time (B.c. 770) dates the history of ‘the Eastern Kau.’ Among king Phing’s early measures was the rewarding the feudal lords to whom he owed his throne. The marquis of Kin was one of them. His name was X/i(i, and that of I-ho, by which he is called in the text, is taken as his ‘style,’ or designation assumed by him on his marriage. Waé&n, ‘the Accomplished,’ was his sacrificial title. The lords of Xin were descended from king W(’s son, Yi, who was appointed marquis of Thang, corresponding to the present department of Thai-ytian, in Shan-hsi. The name of Thang was afterwards changed into Xin. The state became in course of time one of the largest and most powerful in the kingdom. , The charge in this Book is understood to be in connexion with Win’s appointment to be president or chief of several of the other princes. The king begins by celebrating the virtues and happy times of kings Wan and W4, and the services rendered by the worthy ministers of subsequent reigns. He contrasts with this the misery and distraction of his own times, deploring . his want of wise counsellors and helpers, and praising the. 266 THE SHO KING. PART V. marquis for the services which he had rendered. He then concludes with the special charge by which he would reward the prince’s merit in the past, and stimulate him to ) greater exertions in the future.
3his want of wise counsellors and helpers, and praising the. 266 THE SHO KING. PART V. marquis for the services which he had rendered. He then concludes with the special charge by which he would reward the prince’s merit in the past, and stimulate him to ) greater exertions in the future. 1. The king spoke to the following effect :— ‘Uncle f-ho, how illustrious were Wan and Wa! Carefully did they make their virtue brilliant, till it rose brightly on high, and the fame of it was widely diffused here below. Therefore God caused his favouring decree to light upon king Wa&n.* There were ministers also (thereafter), who aided and illustriously served their sovereigns, following and carrying out their plans, great and small, so that my fathers sat tranquilly on the throne. ‘Oh! an object of pity am I, who am (but as) a little child. Just as I have succeeded to the throne, Heaven has severely chastised me.* Through the interruption of the (royal) bounties that ceased to descend to the inferior people, the invading barbarous tribes of the west have greatly (injured) our kingdom. Moreover, among the managers of my affairs there are none of age and experience and distinguished ability in their offices. I am (thus) unequal (to the difficulties of my position), and say to myself, “ My grand-uncles and uncles, you ought to compassionate my case.” Oh! if there were those who could establish their merit in behalf of me, the One man, I might long enjoy repose upon the throne. ‘Uncle f-ho, you render still more glorious your illustrious ancestor. You were the first to imitate the example of Wan and W4, collecting (the scattered powers), and continuing (the all but broken line of) your sovereign. Your filial piety goes back ied BOOK XXIX, THE SPEECH AT Pf. 267 to your accomplished ancestor, (and is equal to his.) You have done much to repair my (losses), and defend me in my difficulties, and of you, being such, I am full of admiration,’ 2. The king said, ‘ Uncle f-ho, return home, survey your multitudes, and tranquillize your state. I reward you with a jar of spirits, distilled from the black millet, and flavoured with odoriferous herbs’, with a red bow, and a hundred red arrows?; with a black bow, and a hundred black arrows; and with four horses. Go, my uncle. Show kindness to those that are far off, and help those who are near at hand; cherish and secure the repose of the inferior people; do not idly seek your ease ; exercise an inspection and (benign) compassion in your capital (and all your borders);— thus completing your illustrious virtue.’ Book XXIX. Tue Speecu at Pi. Tue Speech at Pi carries us back from the time of Phing to that of king AAang. In the Preface to the Shf it is attributed to Po-AAin, the son of the duke of Xu; and there is a general acquiescence of tradition and critics in this view. We may account for its position out of the chronological order from
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Punishments and fines should (also) be light in one age, and heavy in another. To secure uniformity in this (seeming) irregularity, there are certain relations of things (to be considered), and the essential principle (to be observed). ‘The chastisement of fines is short of death, yet it will produce extreme distress. They are not (therefore) persons of artful tongues who should determine criminal cases, but really good persons, whose awards will hit the right mean. Examine carefully where there are any discrepancies in the statements ; the view which you were resolved not to follow, you may see occasion to follow; with compassion and reverence settle the cases; examine carefully the penal code, and deliberate with all about it, that your decisions may be likely to hit the proper mean and be correct ;—whether it be the infliction of a punishment or a fine, examining carefully and mastering every difficulty. When the case is thus concluded, all parties will acknowledge the justice of the sentence; and when it is reported, the sovereign will do the same. In sending up reports of cases, they must be full and complete. 264 THE SHO KING. PART V. If a man have been tried on two counts, his two punishments (must be recorded).’ 6. The king said, ‘Oh! let there be a feeling of reverence. Ye judges and princes, of the same surname with me, and of other surnames, (know all) that I speak in much fear. I think with reverence of the subject of punishment, for the end of it is to promote virtue. Now Heaven, wishing to help the people, has made us its representatives here below.* Be intelligent and pure in hearing (each) side of a case. The right ordering of the people depends on the impartial hearing of the pleas on both sides ;—do not seek for private advantage to yourselves by means of those pleas. Gain (so) got by the decision of cases is no precious acquisition ; it is an accumulation of guilt, and will be recompensed with many judgments :—you should ever stand in awe of the punishment of Heaven.* It is not Heaven that does not deal impartially with men, but men ruin themselves. If the punishment of Heaven were not so extreme, nowhere under the sky would the people have good government.’ 7. The king said, ‘Oh! ye who shall hereafter inherit (the dignities and offices of) the present time, to whom are ye to look for your models? Must it not be to those who promoted the virtue belonging to the unbiassed nature of the people? I pray you give attention to my words. The wise men (of antiquity) by their use of punishments obtained boundless fame. Everything relating to the five punishments exactly hit with them the due mean, and hence came their excellence. Receiving from your sovereigns the good multitudes, behold in the case of those men punishments made felicitous!’ BOOK XXVIII. CHARGE TO THE MARQUIS WAN. 265 Book XXVIII. THe CHARGE TO THE Marquis WAN.
2Receiving from your sovereigns the good multitudes, behold in the case of those men punishments made felicitous!’ BOOK XXVIII. CHARGE TO THE MARQUIS WAN. 265 Book XXVIII. THe CHARGE TO THE Marquis WAN. Tne king to whom this charge is ascribed was Phing (B. c. 770-719). Between him and M@i there was thus a period of fully two centuries, of which no documents are, or ever were, in the collection of the Sh. The time was occupied by seven reigns, the last of which was that of Nieh, known as king YQ, a worthless ruler, and besotted in his attachment to a female favourite, called Paéo-sze. For her sake he degraded his queen, and sent their son, 1-4/0, to the court of the lord of Shan, her father, ‘to learn good manners.’ The lord of Shan called in the assistance of some barbarian tribes, by which the capital was sacked, and the king slain; and with him ended the sway of ‘the Western Kau.’ Several of the feudal princes went to the assistance of the royal House, drove away the barbarians, brought back f-24i0 from Sh&n, and hailed him as king. He is known as king Phing, ‘the Tranquillizer. His first measure was to transfer the capital from the ruins of H4o to Lo, thus fulfilling at length, but under disastrous circumstances, the wishes of the duke of X4u; and from this time (B.c. 770) dates the history of ‘the Eastern Kau.’ Among king Phing’s early measures was the rewarding the feudal lords to whom he owed his throne. The marquis of Kin was one of them. His name was X/i(i, and that of I-ho, by which he is called in the text, is taken as his ‘style,’ or designation assumed by him on his marriage. Waé&n, ‘the Accomplished,’ was his sacrificial title. The lords of Xin were descended from king W(’s son, Yi, who was appointed marquis of Thang, corresponding to the present department of Thai-ytian, in Shan-hsi. The name of Thang was afterwards changed into Xin. The state became in course of time one of the largest and most powerful in the kingdom. , The charge in this Book is understood to be in connexion with Win’s appointment to be president or chief of several of the other princes. The king begins by celebrating the virtues and happy times of kings Wan and W4, and the services rendered by the worthy ministers of subsequent reigns. He contrasts with this the misery and distraction of his own times, deploring . his want of wise counsellors and helpers, and praising the. 266 THE SHO KING. PART V. marquis for the services which he had rendered. He then concludes with the special charge by which he would reward the prince’s merit in the past, and stimulate him to ) greater exertions in the future.
3his want of wise counsellors and helpers, and praising the. 266 THE SHO KING. PART V. marquis for the services which he had rendered. He then concludes with the special charge by which he would reward the prince’s merit in the past, and stimulate him to ) greater exertions in the future. 1. The king spoke to the following effect :— ‘Uncle f-ho, how illustrious were Wan and Wa! Carefully did they make their virtue brilliant, till it rose brightly on high, and the fame of it was widely diffused here below. Therefore God caused his favouring decree to light upon king Wa&n.* There were ministers also (thereafter), who aided and illustriously served their sovereigns, following and carrying out their plans, great and small, so that my fathers sat tranquilly on the throne. ‘Oh! an object of pity am I, who am (but as) a little child. Just as I have succeeded to the throne, Heaven has severely chastised me.* Through the interruption of the (royal) bounties that ceased to descend to the inferior people, the invading barbarous tribes of the west have greatly (injured) our kingdom. Moreover, among the managers of my affairs there are none of age and experience and distinguished ability in their offices. I am (thus) unequal (to the difficulties of my position), and say to myself, “ My grand-uncles and uncles, you ought to compassionate my case.” Oh! if there were those who could establish their merit in behalf of me, the One man, I might long enjoy repose upon the throne. ‘Uncle f-ho, you render still more glorious your illustrious ancestor. You were the first to imitate the example of Wan and W4, collecting (the scattered powers), and continuing (the all but broken line of) your sovereign. Your filial piety goes back ied BOOK XXIX, THE SPEECH AT Pf. 267 to your accomplished ancestor, (and is equal to his.) You have done much to repair my (losses), and defend me in my difficulties, and of you, being such, I am full of admiration,’ 2. The king said, ‘ Uncle f-ho, return home, survey your multitudes, and tranquillize your state. I reward you with a jar of spirits, distilled from the black millet, and flavoured with odoriferous herbs’, with a red bow, and a hundred red arrows?; with a black bow, and a hundred black arrows; and with four horses. Go, my uncle. Show kindness to those that are far off, and help those who are near at hand; cherish and secure the repose of the inferior people; do not idly seek your ease ; exercise an inspection and (benign) compassion in your capital (and all your borders);— thus completing your illustrious virtue.’ Book XXIX. Tue Speecu at Pi. Tue Speech at Pi carries us back from the time of Phing to that of king AAang. In the Preface to the Shf it is attributed to Po-AAin, the son of the duke of Xu; and there is a general acquiescence of tradition and critics in this view. We may account for its position out of the chronological order from
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
No commentary for this page.