An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. II — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1911)
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The translator’s English as printed (Kunja Lal Bhishagratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
layers of the skin, the Kalas, the Dhatus (root principles, such as blood, chyle, etc.), the Mala (excrements, the Doshas (morbific principles, such as the Vayu, Pittam, or Kapham\ the spleen, the liver, the lungs, the colon and c?ecum (Unduka), the heart, the cavities or viscera (Asayas), the intestines (Antras), the Vrikkou (Kidneys) the Srotas (internal passages or ducts\ the Kandara (nerve trunks;, the Jalas (membranes), the Kurchas,* the Rajjus (tendons) the Sevanis (sutures), the Sanghatas (facets), the Simanta, the bones, the joints, the Sndyu (ligament), the Pes'i (muscles), the Marmas (vital parts, such as anastomosis of veins and arteries, etc.), the Sira (veins), the Dhamani (arteries), and the Yogavahini Srotasf, constitute what is collectively called the organism, 4.
Their number :— The layers fof skin (Tvaka) number seven in all. There are seven connective tissues or fascia (Kalas). The cavities or viscera (Asayas) are seven in all. The root principles (Dhatu) of the body are seven in number. There are seven hundred Sira (veins), five hundred Pes'i (muscles), nine hundred Snayu (ligaments), three hundred bones, two hundred and ten Sandhi (joints^, one hundred and seven Marmas (vital parts), twenty-four Dhamanis (arteries etc.), three Doshas (morbific principle— such as the Vdyu, Pittam, t Those, thai are in connection with the Dhamani.
* Meetings of mviscles, ligament?, veins, nerves and bones as at the annular ligament.
Chap, v.] SARIRA STHANAM. l6l
and Kapham), three kinds of Mala (excrements) and nine Srota (canals) in all in the human organism, which will be described in detail later on. 5.
The skin, Kala, the root principles of the body, (Dhatus) the morbific principles (Doshas) such as the Vdyu etc , of the body, liver, spleen, lungs, Unduka (colons), heart and the Vrikkas (kidneys) have been already described (in the preceding chapter). 6.
The Asayas (cavities or viscera) : — They are named as the Vaitasaya (the receptacle of the bodily Vayu), Pittats'aya (the receptacle of the Pittam), Sleshma^saya (the receptacle of Sleshma or Kapham), Raktasaya (the receptacle of the blood), Amzisaya (stomach), Pakvas'aya (intestines \ and the Mutrats'aya (bladder). Females have another As'aya (receptacle) in addition to these which is called the Garbhasaya (uterus). The intestines (of an adult) male, measure fourteen cubits (three and a half Vya'mas) in length, while those of an adult female measure only twelve cubits. 7 — 8.
The Srotas or Channels :— The nine canals (Srotas) of the body, such as the ears, the eyes, the mouth, the nostrils, the anus and the urethra, open on the outside. Females have three more such ducts or canals as the two breasts (milk channels") and the one which carries off the menstrual blood. 9.
The Kandaras :— The Kandar^is number sixteen in all, of which four are in the legs, four in the hands, four in the neck, and four in the back. The Kandaras of the four extremeties extend to the roots of the nails of the fingers and toes. The four Kandards of the neck, connecting it with the heart, extend down to the penis. The four Kandards at the back and in the region of the Sroni extend down to the buttocksp. 21 l62 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. V.
(Vimba). These Kandards terminate above in the head, the thighs, the breast and in the balls of the shoulders respectively (i.e. the Kandaras of the neck terminate above in the head, those of the legs in the thighs, those of the dorsum in the chest, and those of the arms in the shoulders). lo.
The Jala or Plexuses :— The Jala or plexuses are of four kinds, such as the muscular plexuses, the Vascular plexuses, ligamentous plexuses, and bony plexuses. One of each of the four kinds of plexuses, is found about each of the Manibandda (wrists) and Gulfa (ankles). These four kinds of plexuses intermingle and cross one another in the form of a net-work. The whole body is a chain-work of plexuses, ii.
The kurchas ; — There are six Kurchas*in all ; of which two are in the hands, two in the feet, one in the neck, and one in the penis. There are four great muscular cords or Kajjus which originate from either side of the spinal column, one pair going inwards and another outwards for the purpose of binding the muscles together.f 12—13.
The Sevanis or Sutures :—tThey are
seven in number, e. g. five in the head, one in the tongue and one in the genital. An incision should not be made into any of these sevanis. 14.
The Asthi-Sanghatas :— The Asthi-sanghdtas (collection of a number of bones) are fourteen in t According to Gayaddsa four such cords are found on each side of the spinal column and thus totalling eight in all.
* The Kurchas (clusters or groups) may be made up of muscles, bones, vessels and ligamentous s'ructure — Dallana.
J Sevani evidently means the central tendinous band which looks )ike a suture from which the muscles on either side arise,
p. 163
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