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1Here we must not stop without expressing our sincere and hearty thanks to our learned and valued friends Kaviraj Jogindranath Sen, M.A., Vidyabhusana, Kaviraj Jnanendranath Sen, B.A., Kaviratna and Professor Satyendranath Sen, M. A., Vidyavagisa, who have rendered us material help in the publication of this volume. We must freely admit that but for the active and continued co-operation of the above-named gentlemen we could not have brought out this volume so promptly and successfully. Our thanks are also duo to Dr. S. Sanyal, B.Sc, L.M.S. for his kind h'elp, to Dr. S. N. Goswami, B.A.. L.M.S. for his kindly supplying us with materials for writing the Introduction, and to our readers for their kind encouragement. ( 5 ) In conclusion, we implore our readers to excuse the errors of omission and commission which are inevitable in the execution of such a huge work, more especially when the author is encumbered with the responsible duties of his profession involving, as they do, the life and death of persons entrusted to his care. 10, Kashi Ghoshe's Lane, Calcutta. \ KlNIA LaL BlIISHAGRATNA. Novemberi igii. ' INTRODUCTION. In the introduction of the first volume of our translation of the Susruta-Samhita we have attemptAyurveda is not ed to place before the public a correct an Encyclopaedia ,_,,_,. , t- . of ancient medical interpretation of Vayu, Fitta and Kapha, tise on Biilogy^"^^^' ^^^ ^^^^"^^^ so-called humours of the body* and it is a great pleasure to us, that our pronouncement has been very kindly accepted. In the introduction of the present volume we would draw the attention of the readers to the fact that Ayurveda is not at all an encyclopsedic work, — an Encyclopcedia of the Indian
2* Berdoe says : — "What is known as the Humoral Pathology formed the most essential part of the system of the Dogmatics. Humoral Pathology explains all diseases as caused by the mixture of the four cardinal humouri, viz., the blood, bile, mucus or phlegm and water. Hippocrates first leaned towards it, but it was Plato who developed it. The stomach is the common source of all these humours. When diseases develop, they attract humours. The source of the bile is the liver, of the mucus the head, of the water the spleen. Bile causes catarrhs and rheumatism, dropsy depends on the spleen." Be it observe! that among the humours of Hippncrates there is no place for Vala although in point of fact both his Physiology and Pathology are to be traced to the "Tri-dhatu" of Ayurveda. The secret of this anomaly is that the theory of Vata was found to be a complicated one and Hipprocates, not being able to comprehend its original import, left it out and cautiously introduced, in its stead, his own theory of "water". Sowe find "Humoral Pathology is not of Indian origin ; neither it is the same which the Indian Rishis of Rigveda developed under the name of Tridhatu." It is simply an imitation of Susruta who introduced blood ( 'itf^ff^'^'; ) ^s ^^^ fourth factor in the genesis of diseases. But the borrower, in his interpretation of Susruta, had made a mess of it. He retained blood, but substituted "water" in place of Vata, the most important of the three, for reasons best known to him, il INTRODUCTION. system of Medicine in all its departments, but it is the Science of Life entire.
3Though it is customary and convenient to group apart such phenomena as are termed mental and such of them as are exhibited by rnen in society, under the heads of Psychology and Sociology, yet it must be allowed that there are no absolute demarcations in Nature, corresponding to them, and so in the entire Science of Life, psychology and sociology are inseparably linked with Anatomy and Physiology, nay, more, with Pathology and Hygiene and above all with Treatment. In short the Biological Sciences must deal with whatever phenomena are manifested by living matter in whatever condition it is placed. Life in health ( %rgrq: ) as well as Life in disease ( ^'.WW- )> therefore, fall within the scope of Biology— even life exhibited by man in Society ( f%fnf%cf ) is not exempted from it. i{TT^ era ^W^pf^: ^ ^=^% II '^T^, ^*^IT, m ^<5ITg I In calling Ayurveda, therefore, the entire Science of Life, . J ., we are not guided by any prejudice entire Science of of our own, but we rely solely on ^ ®' facts and figures, and these, when closely studied, will lead any one to arrive at the same conclusion, not unlike our own and to interpret Ayurveda as a collection of Biological Sciences in all departments. In the firsl place, for the guidance of our readers, we will mention that the name Ayurveda itself is a strong evidence in favour of its being called the Science Negative Eviden- ^« y -ir o ji n r ces thereof :— 01 Life. Secondly, we will refer to 1. The Name it- ^j^g arrangement of the subject-matter self. " , , ■' in the Sarira-sthana which is popularly belived to be the anatomical portion of the book, as tending to the same conclusion. In XL The arrange- ,. . , . .,., ., ment of the sub- this section, chapters on Midwifery
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
1Here we must not stop without expressing our sincere and hearty thanks to our learned and valued friends Kaviraj Jogindranath Sen, M.A., Vidyabhusana, Kaviraj Jnanendranath Sen, B.A., Kaviratna and Professor Satyendranath Sen, M. A., Vidyavagisa, who have rendered us material help in the publication of this volume. We must freely admit that but for the active and continued co-operation of the above-named gentlemen we could not have brought out this volume so promptly and successfully. Our thanks are also duo to Dr. S. Sanyal, B.Sc, L.M.S. for his kind h'elp, to Dr. S. N. Goswami, B.A.. L.M.S. for his kindly supplying us with materials for writing the Introduction, and to our readers for their kind encouragement. ( 5 ) In conclusion, we implore our readers to excuse the errors of omission and commission which are inevitable in the execution of such a huge work, more especially when the author is encumbered with the responsible duties of his profession involving, as they do, the life and death of persons entrusted to his care. 10, Kashi Ghoshe's Lane, Calcutta. \ KlNIA LaL BlIISHAGRATNA. Novemberi igii. ' INTRODUCTION. In the introduction of the first volume of our translation of the Susruta-Samhita we have attemptAyurveda is not ed to place before the public a correct an Encyclopaedia ,_,,_,. , t- . of ancient medical interpretation of Vayu, Fitta and Kapha, tise on Biilogy^"^^^' ^^^ ^^^^"^^^ so-called humours of the body* and it is a great pleasure to us, that our pronouncement has been very kindly accepted. In the introduction of the present volume we would draw the attention of the readers to the fact that Ayurveda is not at all an encyclopsedic work, — an Encyclopcedia of the Indian
2* Berdoe says : — "What is known as the Humoral Pathology formed the most essential part of the system of the Dogmatics. Humoral Pathology explains all diseases as caused by the mixture of the four cardinal humouri, viz., the blood, bile, mucus or phlegm and water. Hippocrates first leaned towards it, but it was Plato who developed it. The stomach is the common source of all these humours. When diseases develop, they attract humours. The source of the bile is the liver, of the mucus the head, of the water the spleen. Bile causes catarrhs and rheumatism, dropsy depends on the spleen." Be it observe! that among the humours of Hippncrates there is no place for Vala although in point of fact both his Physiology and Pathology are to be traced to the "Tri-dhatu" of Ayurveda. The secret of this anomaly is that the theory of Vata was found to be a complicated one and Hipprocates, not being able to comprehend its original import, left it out and cautiously introduced, in its stead, his own theory of "water". Sowe find "Humoral Pathology is not of Indian origin ; neither it is the same which the Indian Rishis of Rigveda developed under the name of Tridhatu." It is simply an imitation of Susruta who introduced blood ( 'itf^ff^'^'; ) ^s ^^^ fourth factor in the genesis of diseases. But the borrower, in his interpretation of Susruta, had made a mess of it. He retained blood, but substituted "water" in place of Vata, the most important of the three, for reasons best known to him, il INTRODUCTION. system of Medicine in all its departments, but it is the Science of Life entire.
3Though it is customary and convenient to group apart such phenomena as are termed mental and such of them as are exhibited by rnen in society, under the heads of Psychology and Sociology, yet it must be allowed that there are no absolute demarcations in Nature, corresponding to them, and so in the entire Science of Life, psychology and sociology are inseparably linked with Anatomy and Physiology, nay, more, with Pathology and Hygiene and above all with Treatment. In short the Biological Sciences must deal with whatever phenomena are manifested by living matter in whatever condition it is placed. Life in health ( %rgrq: ) as well as Life in disease ( ^'.WW- )> therefore, fall within the scope of Biology— even life exhibited by man in Society ( f%fnf%cf ) is not exempted from it. i{TT^ era ^W^pf^: ^ ^=^% II '^T^, ^*^IT, m ^<5ITg I In calling Ayurveda, therefore, the entire Science of Life, . J ., we are not guided by any prejudice entire Science of of our own, but we rely solely on ^ ®' facts and figures, and these, when closely studied, will lead any one to arrive at the same conclusion, not unlike our own and to interpret Ayurveda as a collection of Biological Sciences in all departments. In the firsl place, for the guidance of our readers, we will mention that the name Ayurveda itself is a strong evidence in favour of its being called the Science Negative Eviden- ^« y -ir o ji n r ces thereof :— 01 Life. Secondly, we will refer to 1. The Name it- ^j^g arrangement of the subject-matter self. " , , ■' in the Sarira-sthana which is popularly belived to be the anatomical portion of the book, as tending to the same conclusion. In XL The arrange- ,. . , . .,., ., ment of the sub- this section, chapters on Midwifery
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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