An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. II — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1911)
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The translator’s English as printed (Kunja Lal Bhishagratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
^leshmadharaC-Kala :— The fourth KaU is called Sieshmsidharai (Synovial tissues) and is present about all the bone-joints of animals. 14.
IVIemOrable Verse : -As a wheel easily turns upon a well greased axle, so the joints moistened by the mucous (Sleshma) contained in these sacs admit of easy movements, i'.
Purishadhara-Kala :— The fifth kala is
called Purishadhara and being situated in the Kostha (abdomen) serves to separate the faecal refuse in the (Pakvds'aya) lower gut (from other ingested matters). 16.
IVI em Orable Verse :— This Kald extends about the liver, upper and lower intestines and other abdominal viscera and keeps the foeces in the lower intestines (Undukam) separate and hence is called MaladharA-kald 17.
Pittadhara-Kala:— The sixth Kala is called Pittaphara-kala ; it holds (the chyme derived from) the four kinds of solid and liquid foods (in the Pitta-sthanam or biliary region) propelled from the stomach (Amas'aya or Grahani-Nadi) and on its way to the (Pakas'aya) intestines (for the proper action of the digestive juices upon it) 18.
IVIemorable Verse :— The four kinds of food, viz. those that are chewed, swallowed, drunk, or licked, and brought into the intestines (Kostha) of a man, are digested in proper time through the heating agency (action") of the Pittam 19.
^Ukradhara-Kala :— The seventh KalA is called Sikradhiia (semen-bearing), which extends throughout the entire body of all living creatures. 20,
IVIemorable Verse : -The physician should
know that like fat (Sarpi) in the milk, or sugar in the expressed juice of sugar-cane, the (seat of) semen is coextensive with the whole organism of a man (or animal).
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The semen passes through the ducts situated about two fingers' breadth on either side (vas deferens) and just below the neck of the bladder and finally flows out through the canal. The semen of a man during an act of sexual intercourse with a female . under exhilaration comes down from all parts of his body owing to the extreme excitement (engendered by the act). 21-33.
The orifices of the Artava— carrying channels (vessels of the uterine mucosa) of a pregnant woman are obstructed by the foetus during pregnancy and hence there is no show of menses (during gestation). The menstrual blood thus obstructed in its downward course ascends upwards ; a part of it accumulates and goes to the formation of placenta ( Apara\ while the rest ascends higher up and reaches the breasts ; this is the reason why the breasts of a pregnant woman become full and plump. 24.
The spleen and liver of the foetus are formed out of blood ; the lungs are made of the froth of the blood ; and the Unduka or faecal receptacle, of the refuge matter (Mala) of the blood. 25,
IVIetrical Texts :— The intestines (Antra), the bladder (Vasti), and the anus (Guda) of the foetus are formed out of the essence of the blood and Kapham, baked by the Pittam into which Vayu enters as well. As fire fed by draughts of air refines the dregs of cfolden ore and transforms it into pure metal, so blood and Kapham acted upon by the heat of the Pittam are transformed into the shape of the intestines etc. in the abdomen. The tongue is made of the essence of the flesh, blood and Kapham. The Vayu, combined with heat (Pittam) in adequate proportion, rends through the internal channels into the flesh and transforms them into muscles (Pes'i\ The Vayu, by taking off
p. 149
the oily principles of fat (Meda). transforms them into (Sira- and ^fibrous tissues) Snaiyu.the underbaked (Mridu) ones being converted into the Sira and the overbaked (Kshara) ones into the Snayu. The internal cavities (.As'ayas) of the body mark the spots or regions where the Vayu had constantly stayed in its embryo stage. 26-29. The kidneys (Vrikkas* are made out of the essence of the blood and fat. The testes are formed out of the essence of the blood, flesh, Kapham and fat. The heart is formed out of the essence of blood and Kapham ; and the vessels (Dhamanis) carrying the vital principles of the body are attached to it (heart). The spleen and the lungs are situated below and beneath the heart on the left side, and the liver and Kloma (Pancreas ?) below and beneath it (heart) on the right. The heart is the special seat of consciousness (Chetana) in all creatures. Sleep sets in when this viscus heart) of a person becomes enveloped by the effects of the Tamas (principles of illusion or nescience). 30-31.
IVIcmorabIC Verse :— The heart which is of the shape of a lotus bud hangs with its apex downward, folding itself up during sleep and expanding with the return of wakening or consciousness. 32.
Sleep and its virtues ; — Sleep is the illusive energy of God ^lit. -the all-pervading deity) and naturally has its sway over all created beings. The kind of sleep which sets in when the sensation-carrying channels (Snayu) of the body are choked by Sleshma, which abounds in the quality of Tamas, is known as Tamasi-nidra. It is this sleep which produces unconsciousness at the time of dissolution or death. A man of Tamisika-tempsrament sleeps both in the day and night ; one of the Rsijasika-teiiiperament sleeps either in the day or in the night ; while sleep never visits the
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