An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. II — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1911)
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The translator’s English as printed (Kunja Lal Bhishagratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
Pittvaja-Tcmpcramcnt :— A man of
Pittvaja temperament perspires copiously emitting a fetid smell. His limbs are loosely shaped and yellowish in colour. The finger nails, eyes, palate, tongue, lips, soles and palms of such a person are copper-coloured. He looks ugly with wrinkles, baldness and grey hair; he cats much, is averse to warmth and irritable in temper, though he cools down v-ery soon. He is a man of middling strength and lives up to middle age. He is intelligent and possesses a good retentive memory and loves to monopolise the conversation (by pulling down any speaker that may be present). He is vigorous and is simply irresistible in battle. He dreams in his sleep of such things as meteors, lightning-flashes, fire, Nageshvara, Palas'a or Karnikara plants. He is never overpowered with fear nor bends before a powerful antagonist ; he protects the suppliant and is very often afflicted with suppuration in the cavity of the mouth. The traits of his character resemble those of a serpent, an owl, a Gandharba (heavenly musician), Yaksha, cat, monkey, tiger, bear, and of a mongoose. 61-64.
Kaphaja Temperament : —The complexion
of a man of 5 leshmd temperament resembles either the colour of a blade of grass, blue lotus, polished sword, wet Arishta, or that of the stem of the Sara grass. He is comely in appearance, fond of sweet tastes, grateful, self-controlled, forbearing, unselfish and strong ; he does not hastily form any opinion, and is fast in his enmity. His eyes are white ; his hair curly and raven black. He is prosperous in life. His voice resembles the rumblings of a rain-cloud, the roar of a lion, or the sound of a Mridanga. He dreams in his sleep of large lakes or pools decked with myriads of full blown lotus flowers, swans and Chakravakas. His eyes are slightly
156 THE SUSIIRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap IV, red towards the corners, the limbs are proportionate and symmetrically developed with a cool effulgence radiating from them He is possessed of the qualities of the Sittvika stamp, capable of sustaining pain and fatigue and respectful towards his superiors He possesses faith in the SAstras and is unflinching and unchanging in his friendship ; he suffers no vicissitudes of fortune, makes large gifts after long deliberation, is true to his word and always obedient to his preceptors. The traits of his character resemble those of Brahma, Rudra, Indra, Varuna, a Hon, horse, an elephant, cow, bull, an eagle, swan and of the lower animals. 65-68.
A combination of two different temperaments should be called a double temperament or a Dvandaja one ; and one of all the three temperaments in a person should be stated as a Sannipatika one. 69.
The temperament of a man is never altered, nor does it suffer any deterioration or abatement. A change, abatement or deterioration in any particular case should be regarded as the harbinger of death. As a worm, bred in poison, is not troubled with it, so the temperament of a person however painful to others does no inconvenience to himself. Several authorities hold that the temperaments of persons have their origin in the material elements of the body and accordingly they classify them as the Vatika Prakriti, the Taijasa Prakriti, and the Apya (watery) Prakriti, the characteristic traits of which respectively correspond to the first three temperaments described above. 70 — y\. A man of the PartMva temperament is large in his stature, and is firm, strong and muscular in his limbs. A man of the Nabhasa temperament is pious and long-lived, has large aural cavities. The mental temperaments are classified according to their qualities. 72.
p. 157
Sattvika Features :— The features of a
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