An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. II — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1911)

Chippam : — ^Thc deranged Vdyu and Pittam vitiating the flesh of the finger-nails, give rise to a disease which is characterised by pain, burning and suppuration. The disease called Chippam, is also denominated Upanakha and Kshataroga. Kunakham : — The nails of fingers becoming rough, dry, black, and injured through the action of the Doshas enraged through the effect of a blow, are called Kunakha (bad nails). It is also called Kulviam. Aiiusayi :— A small swelling (on the surface of the body) which is of the same colour (as the surrounding skin), but is deep-seated, and suppurates in its deeper strata, is called Anusayi by the physicians. The disease is the effect of the deranged Kapham. Vidarika : — A round reddish swelling rising either on the auxiliary or inguinal regions in the shape of a gourd ( Viddrikandd) is known as Vidarika. The disease is due to the concerted action of the deranged Vayu, Pittam and Kapham and is characterised by symptoms peculiar to each of them. 16-19,

Kapham proves faial within a fortnight, that due to the deranged Pillatn, wiihin ten days, and that due to the deranged Vayu, within a week.

* The patient dies on the seventh day in a case of disease marked by the dominant Vdyu, on the tenth day in a case marked by the dominant Pittam and on the fifteenih day in a case of dominant deranged Kapham.

Chap. XIII.] NIDANA STHANAM. 89

^arkararbudam :— The deranged Vayu and Kapham having recourse to and affecting the flesh, veins (Sira), ligaments (Snayu) and fat give rise to a sort of cyst (Granthi) which when it bursts exudes a copious secretion in its nature somewhat like honey, clarified butter or Vasa. The aforesaid Vayu, when aggravated through excessive secretion, dries and gathers the flesh up again in the shape of (a large number of) gravel-like concretions (Sarkara) known accordingly as Sarkararbudam. A fetid secretion of varied colour is secreted from the veins (Sira) in these Granthis which are sometimes found to bleed suddenly. The three varieties of the skin disease called Pama (Eczema), Vicharchika (Psoriasis) and Rakasa have already been discussed under the head of Kushtham (Chapter. V.). 20 - 2 r.

Padadarika :— The soles and feet of a person of extremely pedestrian habits become dry (and lose their natural serous moisture). The local Vayu thus aggravated gives rise to peculiar painful cracks (Dari in the affected parts) which are called Padadarika. Kadara : — The knotty (Granthi), a painful, hard growth raised at the middle or sunk at the sides, which exudes a secretion and resembles an Indian plum (Kola — in shape), and appearing at the soles (palms according to — Bhoja) of a person as an outcome of the vitiated condition of the local blood and fat produced by the deranged Doshas incidental to the pricking of a thorn etc. or of gravel is called a Kadara (corns). Alasa : — An affection, caused by contact of poisonous mire and appearing between the toes, which is characterised by pains, burning, itching and exudation, is called Alasa. 22 — 25.

Indralupta:— The deranged Vayu and Pittam having recourse to the roots of the hairs bring about their

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$0 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap, Xlll.

gradual falling off, while the deranged blood and Kapham of the locality fill up those pores or holes, thus barring their fresh growth and recrudescence. The disease is called Indralupta,* Rujya or Khatlitya (Alopecia). Darunaka:— The disease in which the hairy parts of the body (roots of hairs) become hard, dry and characterised by an itching sensation is called Diirunaka. The disease is due to the action of the deranged Kapham and Vayu. Arunshika : — Ulcers (A runshi) attended with mucopurulent discharges and furnished with a number of mouths or outlets and appearing on the scalps of men as the result of the action of local parasites and of the deranged blood and Kapham (of the locality) are called Arunshik^. Palitam : — The heat and Pittam of the body having recourse to the region of the head owing to overwork, fatigue, and excessive grief or anger, tend to make the hair prematurely grey, and .such silvering of the hair ibefore the natural period of senile decay) is called Palitam. Masurika (variola) : — The yellow or copper-coloured , pustules or eruptions attended with pain, fever and burning and appearing all over the body, on (^the skin of,) the face and inside the cavity of the mouth, are called Masurikl Yauvana-pidakai— (Mukhadushikski : — The pimples like the thorns of a Salmali tree, which arefound on the face of young men through the deranged condition of the blood, Vayu and Kapham, are called Yauvanapidaka or pimples of youth. Padmini-Kantaka : — The circular, greyish patches or rash-like eruptions