An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. II — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1911)

Chap. XV7 ] NIDANA STHANAM. I05

teeth\ The disease is due to the deranged condition of the Vayu and Kapham. Sarkaia : — The disease, in which sordes, formed on the teeth and hardened (by the action of the deranged Vayu), lie in a crystallised form at the roots of the teeth, is called Sarkara (Tartar), Such deposits tend to destroy the healthy growth and functions of the teeth. Kapalika : — The disease in which the preceding crystallised deposits get cemented together and aftenvards separate from the teeth taking away a part of their coating (enamel) is called Kapalika (calcareous deposit) which naturalh' makes an erosion into and destroys the teeth Syava-dantaka : — The disease, in which the teeth variously scorched by the action of the deranged Pittam assumes a blackish or blue colour, is named as Syava-dantaka (black teeth). Hanu-mokslia '■ — The disease in which the \'ayu aggravated (by such causes, as by loud talking, chewing of hard substances, or immoderate yawning) produces the dislocation of the jawbones is called Hanu-moksha It is identical with Ardditam as regards its symptoms. 26 -33.

Diseases of the tongue :— The five Kinds of diseases which affect the organ of taste are the three sorts of Kantakas due to the three deranged

Doshas (Vataja Pittaja and Kaphaja), Alasa and Upa-jihvika. 34.

The three Kantaks :— In the Vataja Kantaka type the tongue becomes cracked, loses the sense of taste and becomes rough like a teak leaf (giving the organ a warty appearance). In the Pitta ja Kantakaform the tongue is coloured yellow and studded over with furred blood-coloured papillae with the burning sensation (of the Pittam in them). In the Kaphaja Kantaka type the tongue becomes heavy, thick and grown over with vegetation of slender fleshy warts in the

I06 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Cliap. XVI.

shape o{ S'dlinali thorns Alasa : —The severe inflammaiory swelling about the under surface of the tongue is called Alasa, which if allowed to grow on unchecked gives rise to numbness and immobility of the organ and tends to a process of rapid suppuration at its base. The disease is caused by the deranged blood and Kapham. The Upa-jihva : -The disease in which a (cystic) swelling shaped like the tip of the tongue appears about the under-surface of that organ by raising it a little is called Upa-jihvika (Ranula). The accompanying symptoms are salivation, burning and itching sensations in the affected organ ; these are due to the deranged Kapham and blood (of the locality). 35 — T)7.

Disease of the palate : — Diseases which are peculiar to the part of the palate are named Gala-s'undika, Tundikeri. Adhrusha, Mansa-kachchapa, Arvuda, Mansasanghata, Talu-s'osha and Talu-paka. 38.

Gala-SUndika : — The diffused and elongated sw^elling, caused by the deranged blood and Kapham, which first appears about the root of the palate and goes on extending till it looks like an inflated skinbladder is called Gala-s'undika (tonsilitis) by physicians. Thirst, cough, difficult breathing are the indications of the disease. Tundikeri : — A thick swelling resembling the fruit of the Tundikoi ^^Xdini in shape and appearing about the root of the palate attended with a burning, piercing or pricking pain and suppuration is called Tundikeri (abscess of the tonsil). Adhrusha : — A red, numbed swelling appearing about the same region, as the effect of the vitiated blood of the locality, attended with severe fever and pain, is known by the name of Adhrusha, Mansa-kachchapa:— A brownish and slightly painful swelling somewhat shaped like the back of a tortoise (and appearing about the region of the soft

Chap. XVI.] NIDANA STHANAM. I07