An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. II — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1911)

Bralima-kaya person are cleanliness of person and conduct, belief in the existence of God, a constant reader of the Vedas, a worship and reverence of elders and preceptors, hospitality and celebration of religious sacrifices. Those of a Maheudra-k^ya person are valour, command, constant discussion of the Sastras, maintenance of servants and dependents and magnanimity. The features of a Karuna-kaya person are a liking for exposure to cold, forbearance, a brown hue of the pupils, golden colour of the hair and sweet speech. The features of a Kouvera-kaya person are, arbitration of disputes, capacity of bearing hardships, earning and accumulation of wealth, and capacity of propagation or fertility. The features of a Gandharva-kaya person are love of garlands and perfumes, fondness of songs and music, and love making. The features of a YamyaSattva person are sense of duty, promptness, firmness of action, courage, memory, purity, and absence of anger, illusion, fear and malice. The features of a Rishi-Sattva man are divine contemplation, observance of vows, complete sexual abstinence, performance of Homas, celebration of religious sacrifices, knowledge, wisdom and cultivation of divine or spiritual science. These seven types of. men should be considered as belonging to the Sattvika group (of Sattvika mental temperament). Now hear me describe the features of men of Rajasika stamp (of mind\ Tl.

Rajasika Features :—Asura-Sattva men

arc affluent in circumstances, dreadful, valorous, irascible, jealous of other men's excellence, gluttonous and fond uf eating alone without sharing with any one else. A Sarpa-Sattva man is irritable, laborious, cowardly, angry, double-dealing, and hasty in eating and sexual

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intercourse. A Sa.kuna-Sattva man is gluttonous, intemperate in sexual matters, irritable and fickle. A Rakshasa-Sattva man is solitary in his habits, fierce, jealous of others excellence, externally pious, extremely vain and ignorant. The characteristics of a PaisachaSattva man are eating food partaken of by another, irritability of temper, rashness, shamelessness, and covetousness of female possessions. Those of Preta-Sattva man are utter want of knowledge as regards duty, laziness, miserableness, envy, covetousness, niggardliness. These six belong to the Rajasika cast of mind. Now hear me describe the characteristic traits of men of the Tamasika temperaments. 74.

Tamasika Features:— The features of a

Pasava-Sattva man are perverseness of intellect, parsimoniousness, frequent sexual dreams and incapacity of ascertaining or discerning anything. The features of Matsya-Sattva man are unsteadiness^ stupidity, cowardice, fond of intermissive quarrel and oppression and a longing for water. The features of a Vanaspati-Sattva man arc fondness of staying at the same place, constant eating and absence of truthfulness, piety, riches and enjoyment. Thus the three types of Tamasika temperament have been described, A physician should take in hand a patient with an eye towards these mental traits etc. A physician should coolly deliberate upon the different types of temperament described herein and their characteristic features. 75-/6.

Thus ends the fourth Chapter of the S'arira Slhanam in the S'us'ruta Samhild which treats of fcetal development etc.

CHAPTER V.

Now we shall discourse on the Sari ram which treats of the anatom}- of the human body (Sarira-

^ankhya-Vyakaranam). i.

Definition of Garbha and ^arira : -

The combined semen and ovum (Sukra and Sonita) in the womb, mixed with (the eight categories known as) the Prakriti and (her sixteen modifications known as) Vikdra, and ridden in b}' the Atma (self-consicous self), is called the foBtus. There is consciousness in the embryo. The Vayu (or the vital force") divides it into Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, etc., limbs, and organs, etc. The Teja (or the heat latent in the fecundated matter) gives rise to the metabolism of the tissues ; the Apa (water) keeps it in a liquid state ; the Kshiti (earth) is embodied in the shape of its species ; and the Akasa (ether) contributes to its growth and development. A full}' developed foetus with all its parts, such as the hands, feet, tongue, nose, ears, buttocks etc. and the sense-organs, is called Sariram or body. The body is composed of six main parts, namely, the four extremities (upper and lower), the trunk or middle body, and the head. 2.

Different members of the body : -Now we shall describe the Pratyangas or members of the body. The head, the belly (Epigastrium), the back, the navel (umbilical region), the forehead, the nose, the chin, the bladder, and the throat (neck), occur singly ; the ears, the eyes, the nostrils, the eye-brows, the temples, the shoulders, the cheek, the armpits, the breasts, the testes, the sides, the buttocks, the arms, the thighs, and the knee-joints, etc., occur in pairs. The fingers and l6o THE SUSHRUTA SAMIIITA. [CliapV.

toes which number twenty in all, and the interior channels (Srdtas) of the body, to be presently described, are likewise included within the Pratyangas, These are the different Pratyang-as or members, 3.

Enumeration of the different limbs and members of the body : -The different