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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Line 4 has no proper correlate, and might seem to be solitary. But, as we saw on line 1, in this hexagram, correlates of the same class help each other. Hence the subjects of 4 and 1, meeting together, work with good will and success. The place of § is odd, but the line itself is weak, so that there might arise occasion for repentance. But the strong 2 is a proper - correlate to the weak 5. Five being the sovereign’s place, the subject of 2 is styled the sovereign’s relative, of the same surname 142 THE yi KING. TEXT. with the great man. (In these circumstances), with firmness and correctness, there will be good fortune. 1. From the first line, divided, we learn that advance (on the part of its subject) will lead to (greater) difficulties, while remaining stationary will afford ground for praise. 2. The second line, divided, shows the minister of the king struggling with difficulty on difficulty, and not with a view to his own advantage. 3. The third line, undivided, shows its subject advancing, (but only) to (greater) difficulties. He remains stationary, and returns (to his former associates). 4. The fourth line, divided, shows its subject advancing, (but only) to (greater) difficulties. He remains stationary, and unites (with the subject of the line above). 5. The fifth line, undivided, shows its subject struggling with the greatest difficulties, while friends are coming to help him. 6. The topmost line, divided, shows its subject going forward, (only to increase) the difficulties, \ with him, and head of some branch of the descendants of the royal house. It is as easy for 5, so supported, to deal with the disunion of the time, as to bite through a piece of skin. Line 6 is an even place, and yet the line is strong ;—what can its subject effect? He looks at 3, which, as weak, is a proper correlate ; but he looks with the evil eye of disunion. The subject of 3 appears no better than a filthy pig, nor more real than an impossible carriage-load of ghosts. He bends his bow against him, but he unbends it, discovering a friend in 3,as 1 did in 4,and 5 in 2. He acts and with good luck, comparable to the falling rain, which results from the happy union of the yang and yin in nature. SECT. II. TUE KIEN HEXAGRAM. 143 while his remaining stationary will be (productive of) great (merit). There will be good fortune, and it will be advantageous to meet with the great man. XXXIX. Kien is the symbol for incompetency in the feet and legs, involving difficulty in walking; hence it is used in this hexagram to indicate a state of the kingdom which makes the government of it an arduous task. How this task may be successfully performed, now by activity on the part of the ruler, and now by a discrect inactivity :—this is what the figure teaches, or at least gives hints about. For the development of the meaning of the symbolic character from the structure of the lineal figure, see Appendixes Tand Il. .
2For the development of the meaning of the symbolic character from the structure of the lineal figure, see Appendixes Tand Il. . The Thwan seems to require three things—attention to place, the presence of the great man, and the firm observance of correctness—in order to cope successfully with the difficulties of the situation. The first thing is enigmatically expressed, and the language should be compared with what we find in the Thwan of hexagrams 2 and 4o. Referring to Figure 2, in Plate III, we find that, according to W&n’s arrangement of the trigrams, the southwest is occupied by Khwan ( ), and the north-east by K%n (===). The former represents the champaign country; the latter, the mountainous region. The former is easily traversed and held; the latter, with difficulty. The attention to place thus becomes transformed into a calculation of circumstances; those that promise success in an enterprise, which should be taken advantage of, and those that threaten difficulty and failure, which should be shunned. . This is the generally accepted view of this difficult passage. The Khang-hsi editors have a view of their own. I have been myself inclined to find less symbolism in it, and to take the southwest as the regions in the south and west of the kingdom, which we know from the Shih were more especially devoted to Wan and his house, while the strength of the kings of Shang lay in the north and east. . ‘ The idea of “ the great man,” Mencius’s “ minister of Heaven,”’ is illustrated by the strong line in the fifth place, having for its correlate the weak line in2. But favourableness of circumstances and place, and the presence of the great man do not dispense from the observance of firm correctness. Throughout these essays of the Yi this is always insisted on. 144 THE Yi KING. TEXT. XL. -Tue Aten HEXAGRAM. In (the state indicated by) Kieh advantage will be found in the south-west. If no (further) operations be called for, there will be good fortune in coming back (to the old conditions). If some operations be called for, there will be good fortune in the early conducting of them. 1. The first line, divided, shows that its subject will commit no error. Line 1 is weak, whereas it ought to be strong as being in an odd place. If its subject advance, he will not be able to cope with the difficulties of the situation, but be overwhelmed by them. Let him wait for a more favourable time. Line 2 is weak, but in its proper place. Its correlation with the strong 5, and consequent significance, are well set forth. Line 3 is strong, and in a place of strength; but its correlate in 6 is weak, so that the advance of its subject would be unsupported. He waits therefore for a better time, and cherishes the subjects of the two lines below, who naturally cling to him. ,
3Line 3 is strong, and in a place of strength; but its correlate in 6 is weak, so that the advance of its subject would be unsupported. He waits therefore for a better time, and cherishes the subjects of the two lines below, who naturally cling to him. , Line 4 is weak, and, though in its proper place, its subject could do little of himself. He is immediately below the king or great man, however, and cultivates his loyal attachment to him, waiting for the time when he shall be required to act. Line 5 is the king, the man great and strong. He can cope with the difficulties, and the subjects of 2 and the other lines of the lower trigram give their help. The action of the hexagram is over; where can the weak 6 go forward to? Let him abide where he is, and serve the great man immediately below him. So shall he also be great ;—in meritorious action at least. SECT. II. THE KIEH HEXAGRAM. 145 2. The second line, undivided, shows its subject catch, in hunting, three foxes, and obtain the yellow (=golden) arrows. With firm correctness there will be good fortune. 3. The third line, divided, shows a porter with his burden, (yet) riding in a carriage. He will (only) tempt robbers to attack him. However firm and correct he may (try to) be, there will be cause for regret. 4. (To the subject of) the fourth line, undivided, (it is said), ‘ Remove your toes. Friends will (then) come, between you and whom there will be mutual confidence.’ 5. The fifth line, divided, shows (its subject), the superior man (=the ruler), executing his function of removing (whatever is injurious to the idea of the hexagram), in which case there will be good fortune, and confidence in him will be shown even by the small men. 6. In the sixth line, divided, we see a feudal prince (with his bow) shooting at a falcon on the top of a high wall, and hitting it. (The effect of his action) will be in every way advantageous. XL. KXieh is the symbol of loosing,—untying a knot or unravelling a complication ; and as the name of this hexagram, it denotes a condition in which the obstruction and difficulty indicated by the preceding Kien have been removed. The object of the author is to show, as if from the lines of the figure, how this new and better state of the kingdom is to be dealt with. See what is said on the Thwan of Kien for ‘the advantage to be found in the south-west.’ If further active operations be not necessary to complete the subjugation of the country, the sooner things fall into their old channels the better. The new masters of the kingdom should not be anxious to change all the old manners and ways. Let them do, as the duke of X4u actually did do with the subjugated people of Shang. If [16] L 146 THE Yf KING. TEXT, XLI. Tue Sun Hexacram. In (what is denoted by) Sun, if there be sincerity (in him who employs it), there will be great good fortune :—freedom from error; firmness and correctness that can be maintained ; and advantage in every
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Line 4 has no proper correlate, and might seem to be solitary. But, as we saw on line 1, in this hexagram, correlates of the same class help each other. Hence the subjects of 4 and 1, meeting together, work with good will and success. The place of § is odd, but the line itself is weak, so that there might arise occasion for repentance. But the strong 2 is a proper - correlate to the weak 5. Five being the sovereign’s place, the subject of 2 is styled the sovereign’s relative, of the same surname 142 THE yi KING. TEXT. with the great man. (In these circumstances), with firmness and correctness, there will be good fortune. 1. From the first line, divided, we learn that advance (on the part of its subject) will lead to (greater) difficulties, while remaining stationary will afford ground for praise. 2. The second line, divided, shows the minister of the king struggling with difficulty on difficulty, and not with a view to his own advantage. 3. The third line, undivided, shows its subject advancing, (but only) to (greater) difficulties. He remains stationary, and returns (to his former associates). 4. The fourth line, divided, shows its subject advancing, (but only) to (greater) difficulties. He remains stationary, and unites (with the subject of the line above). 5. The fifth line, undivided, shows its subject struggling with the greatest difficulties, while friends are coming to help him. 6. The topmost line, divided, shows its subject going forward, (only to increase) the difficulties, \ with him, and head of some branch of the descendants of the royal house. It is as easy for 5, so supported, to deal with the disunion of the time, as to bite through a piece of skin. Line 6 is an even place, and yet the line is strong ;—what can its subject effect? He looks at 3, which, as weak, is a proper correlate ; but he looks with the evil eye of disunion. The subject of 3 appears no better than a filthy pig, nor more real than an impossible carriage-load of ghosts. He bends his bow against him, but he unbends it, discovering a friend in 3,as 1 did in 4,and 5 in 2. He acts and with good luck, comparable to the falling rain, which results from the happy union of the yang and yin in nature. SECT. II. TUE KIEN HEXAGRAM. 143 while his remaining stationary will be (productive of) great (merit). There will be good fortune, and it will be advantageous to meet with the great man. XXXIX. Kien is the symbol for incompetency in the feet and legs, involving difficulty in walking; hence it is used in this hexagram to indicate a state of the kingdom which makes the government of it an arduous task. How this task may be successfully performed, now by activity on the part of the ruler, and now by a discrect inactivity :—this is what the figure teaches, or at least gives hints about. For the development of the meaning of the symbolic character from the structure of the lineal figure, see Appendixes Tand Il. .
2For the development of the meaning of the symbolic character from the structure of the lineal figure, see Appendixes Tand Il. . The Thwan seems to require three things—attention to place, the presence of the great man, and the firm observance of correctness—in order to cope successfully with the difficulties of the situation. The first thing is enigmatically expressed, and the language should be compared with what we find in the Thwan of hexagrams 2 and 4o. Referring to Figure 2, in Plate III, we find that, according to W&n’s arrangement of the trigrams, the southwest is occupied by Khwan ( ), and the north-east by K%n (===). The former represents the champaign country; the latter, the mountainous region. The former is easily traversed and held; the latter, with difficulty. The attention to place thus becomes transformed into a calculation of circumstances; those that promise success in an enterprise, which should be taken advantage of, and those that threaten difficulty and failure, which should be shunned. . This is the generally accepted view of this difficult passage. The Khang-hsi editors have a view of their own. I have been myself inclined to find less symbolism in it, and to take the southwest as the regions in the south and west of the kingdom, which we know from the Shih were more especially devoted to Wan and his house, while the strength of the kings of Shang lay in the north and east. . ‘ The idea of “ the great man,” Mencius’s “ minister of Heaven,”’ is illustrated by the strong line in the fifth place, having for its correlate the weak line in2. But favourableness of circumstances and place, and the presence of the great man do not dispense from the observance of firm correctness. Throughout these essays of the Yi this is always insisted on. 144 THE Yi KING. TEXT. XL. -Tue Aten HEXAGRAM. In (the state indicated by) Kieh advantage will be found in the south-west. If no (further) operations be called for, there will be good fortune in coming back (to the old conditions). If some operations be called for, there will be good fortune in the early conducting of them. 1. The first line, divided, shows that its subject will commit no error. Line 1 is weak, whereas it ought to be strong as being in an odd place. If its subject advance, he will not be able to cope with the difficulties of the situation, but be overwhelmed by them. Let him wait for a more favourable time. Line 2 is weak, but in its proper place. Its correlation with the strong 5, and consequent significance, are well set forth. Line 3 is strong, and in a place of strength; but its correlate in 6 is weak, so that the advance of its subject would be unsupported. He waits therefore for a better time, and cherishes the subjects of the two lines below, who naturally cling to him. ,
3Line 3 is strong, and in a place of strength; but its correlate in 6 is weak, so that the advance of its subject would be unsupported. He waits therefore for a better time, and cherishes the subjects of the two lines below, who naturally cling to him. , Line 4 is weak, and, though in its proper place, its subject could do little of himself. He is immediately below the king or great man, however, and cultivates his loyal attachment to him, waiting for the time when he shall be required to act. Line 5 is the king, the man great and strong. He can cope with the difficulties, and the subjects of 2 and the other lines of the lower trigram give their help. The action of the hexagram is over; where can the weak 6 go forward to? Let him abide where he is, and serve the great man immediately below him. So shall he also be great ;—in meritorious action at least. SECT. II. THE KIEH HEXAGRAM. 145 2. The second line, undivided, shows its subject catch, in hunting, three foxes, and obtain the yellow (=golden) arrows. With firm correctness there will be good fortune. 3. The third line, divided, shows a porter with his burden, (yet) riding in a carriage. He will (only) tempt robbers to attack him. However firm and correct he may (try to) be, there will be cause for regret. 4. (To the subject of) the fourth line, undivided, (it is said), ‘ Remove your toes. Friends will (then) come, between you and whom there will be mutual confidence.’ 5. The fifth line, divided, shows (its subject), the superior man (=the ruler), executing his function of removing (whatever is injurious to the idea of the hexagram), in which case there will be good fortune, and confidence in him will be shown even by the small men. 6. In the sixth line, divided, we see a feudal prince (with his bow) shooting at a falcon on the top of a high wall, and hitting it. (The effect of his action) will be in every way advantageous. XL. KXieh is the symbol of loosing,—untying a knot or unravelling a complication ; and as the name of this hexagram, it denotes a condition in which the obstruction and difficulty indicated by the preceding Kien have been removed. The object of the author is to show, as if from the lines of the figure, how this new and better state of the kingdom is to be dealt with. See what is said on the Thwan of Kien for ‘the advantage to be found in the south-west.’ If further active operations be not necessary to complete the subjugation of the country, the sooner things fall into their old channels the better. The new masters of the kingdom should not be anxious to change all the old manners and ways. Let them do, as the duke of X4u actually did do with the subjugated people of Shang. If [16] L 146 THE Yf KING. TEXT, XLI. Tue Sun Hexacram. In (what is denoted by) Sun, if there be sincerity (in him who employs it), there will be great good fortune :—freedom from error; firmness and correctness that can be maintained ; and advantage in every
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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