Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1[16] Cc 18 THE yf KING. CH. I. kingdom. The accepted representation of this writing is the following :— @ @e @e CO0000000 @ O O O O O O oO O O O O O O O O e eo @ @ ee @ e ®@ e @ O e@ @ @ @ But substituting numbers for the number of marks, we have 4 9 2 3 5 7 8 I 6 This is nothing but the arithmetical puzzle, in which the numbers from 1 to 9 are arranged so as to make 15 in whatever way we add them'. If we had the original ‘form of ‘the River Map,’ we should probably find it a numerical trifle, not more difficult, not more supernatural, than this magic square. 3. Let us return to the Yt of Ku, which, as I have said above on p. 10, contains, under each of the 64 hexagrams, a brief essay of a moral, social, or political character, symbolically expressed. ' For this dissection, which may also be called reductio ad absurdum, of the Lo writing, 1, was indebted first to P. Regis. See his Y-King I, p. 60. But Kd Hs? also has got it in the Appendix to his ‘Lessons on the Yf for the Young.’ CH. Il. INTRODUCTION. 1g To understand it, it will be necessary to keep in mind the circumstances in which king Wan addressed himself to the study of the lineal figures. The kingdom, under the sovereigns of the Yin or Shang dynasty, State of the : : : country in Was utterly disorganised and demoralised. time or king A brother of the reigning king thus described ; its condition :— “The house of Yin can no longer exercise rule over the land. The great deeds of our founder were displayed in a former age, but through mad addiction to drink we have destroyed the effects of his virtue. The people, small and great, are given to highway robberies, villainies, and treachery. The nobles and officers imitate one another in violating the laws. There is no certainty that criminals will be apprehended. The lesser people rise up and commit violent outrages on one another. The dynasty of Yin is sinking in ruin; its condition is like that of one crossing a large stream, who can find neither ford nor bank.’ This miserable state of the nation was due very much to The character the character and tyranny of the monarch. of the When the son of Wan took the field against monarc®- him, he thus denounced him in ‘a Solemn Declaration’ addressed to all the states :— ‘Shau, the king of Shang, treats all virtue with contemptuous slight, and abandons himself to wild idleness and irreverence. He has cut himself off from Heaven, and brought enmity between himself and the people. He cut through the leg-bones of those who were wading in a (winter-)morning; he cut out the heart of the good man*. His power has been shown in killing and murdering. His honours and confidence are given to the villainous and bad. He has driven from him his instructors and guardians. He has thrown to the winds the statutes and penal laws. He neglects the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth. He has discontinued the offerings 1 The Sha IV, xi, 1, 2.
2His honours and confidence are given to the villainous and bad. He has driven from him his instructors and guardians. He has thrown to the winds the statutes and penal laws. He neglects the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth. He has discontinued the offerings 1 The Sha IV, xi, 1, 2. 3 These were well-known instances of Shau’s wanton cruelty. Observing some people one winter's day wading through a stream, he ordered their legs to be cut through at the shank-bone, that he might sec the marrow which could so endure the cold, ‘The good man’ was a relative of his own, called Pi-kan. Having enraged Sh4&u by the sternness of his rebukes, the tyrant ordered his heart to be cut out, that he might see the structure of a sage’s heart, Cc 2 20 THE Yi KING. cH. 1. in the ancestral temple. He makes (cruel) contrivances of wonderful device and extraordinary ingenuity to please his wife ?.— God will no longer bear with him, but with a curse is sending down his ruin®,’ Such was the condition of the nation, such the character of the sovereign. Meanwhile in the west of the kingdom, The lords of in a part of what is now the province of Shenespecially hst, lay the principality of Au, the lords of king Wan. which had long been distinguished for their ability and virtue. Its present chief, now known to us as king Wan, was Khang, who had succeeded to his father _in B.c.1185. He was not only lord of K4u, but had come to be a sort of viceroy over a great part of the kingdom. Equally distinguished in peace and war, a model of all that was good and attractive, he conducted himself with remarkable wisdom and self-restraint. Princes and people would have rejoiced to follow him to attack the tyrant, but he shrank from exposing himself to the charge of being disloyal. At last the jealous suspicion of Sh4u was aroused. Wan, as has been already stated, was thrown into prison in B.C. 1143, and the order for his death might arrive at any moment. Then it was that he occupied himself with the lineal figures. The use of those figures—of the trigrams at least—had long been practised for the purposes of divination. The employment of the divining stalks is indicated in ‘the Counsels of the Great Yii, one of the earliest Books of the Shi’, and a whole section in ‘the Great Plan, also a Book of the Sha, and referred to the times of the Hsia dynasty, describes how ‘doubts were to be examined’ by means of the tortoise-shell and the stalks‘. Wan could not but be familiar with divination as an institution of his 1 We do not know what these contrivances were. But to please his wife, the infamous T4-Ai, Shau had made ‘the Heater’ and ‘the Roaster,’ two instruments of torture. The latter was a copper pillar laid above a pit of burning charcoal, and made slippery ; culprits were forced to walk along it. 2 The Shi V, i, Sect. iii, 2, 3. 3 Sha I, ii, 18. € Sha V, iv, 20-31. CH. Il. INTRODUCTION. 21
3The latter was a copper pillar laid above a pit of burning charcoal, and made slippery ; culprits were forced to walk along it. 2 The Shi V, i, Sect. iii, 2, 3. 3 Sha I, ii, 18. € Sha V, iv, 20-31. CH. Il. INTRODUCTION. 21 country!. Possibly it occurred to him that nothing was King Win More likely to lull the suspicions of his oc eh dangerous enemy than the study of the the lineal figures ; and if his keepers took notice of what figures. he was doing, they would smile at his lines, and the sentences which he appended to them. Tlike to think of the lord of Kau, when incarcerated in Ya-li, with the 64 figures arranged before him, Each hexagram assumed a mystic meaning, and glowed with a deep significance. He made it tell him of the qualities of various objects of nature, or of the principles.of human society, or of the condition, actual and possible, of the kingdom. He named the figures, each by a term descriptive of the idea ~ with which he had connected it in his mind, and then he proceeded to set that idea forth, now with a note of exhortation, now with a note of warning. It was an attempt to restrict the follies of divination within the bounds of reason. The last but one of the Appendixes bears the name of ‘ Sequence of the Diagrams.’ I shall have to speak of it more at length in the next chapter. I only remark at present that it deals, feebly indeed, with the names of the hexagrams in harmony with what I have said about them, and tries to account for the order in which they follow one another. It does all this, not critically as if it needed to be established, but in the way of expository statement, relating that about which there was no doubt in the mind of the author. But all the work of prince Kang or king W4n in the Yi thus amounts to no more than 64 short paragraphs. Work of the We do not know what led his son Tan to cnthesepeate enter into his work and complete it as he lines. did. Tan was a patriot, a hero, a legislator, and a philosopher. Perhaps he took the lineal figures in hand as a tribute of filial duty. What had been done for the whole hexagram he would do for each line, and make it clear that all the six lines ‘bent one way their precious influence, and blended their rays in the globe of light which his father had made each figure give forth. 1 Inthe Book of Poetry we have Wan’s grandfather (Than-fa, III, i, ode 3. 3) divining, and his son (king W4, III, i, ode 10. 7) doing the same. 22 THE yi KING. CH. It.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1[16] Cc 18 THE yf KING. CH. I. kingdom. The accepted representation of this writing is the following :— @ @e @e CO0000000 @ O O O O O O oO O O O O O O O O e eo @ @ ee @ e ®@ e @ O e@ @ @ @ But substituting numbers for the number of marks, we have 4 9 2 3 5 7 8 I 6 This is nothing but the arithmetical puzzle, in which the numbers from 1 to 9 are arranged so as to make 15 in whatever way we add them'. If we had the original ‘form of ‘the River Map,’ we should probably find it a numerical trifle, not more difficult, not more supernatural, than this magic square. 3. Let us return to the Yt of Ku, which, as I have said above on p. 10, contains, under each of the 64 hexagrams, a brief essay of a moral, social, or political character, symbolically expressed. ' For this dissection, which may also be called reductio ad absurdum, of the Lo writing, 1, was indebted first to P. Regis. See his Y-King I, p. 60. But Kd Hs? also has got it in the Appendix to his ‘Lessons on the Yf for the Young.’ CH. Il. INTRODUCTION. 1g To understand it, it will be necessary to keep in mind the circumstances in which king Wan addressed himself to the study of the lineal figures. The kingdom, under the sovereigns of the Yin or Shang dynasty, State of the : : : country in Was utterly disorganised and demoralised. time or king A brother of the reigning king thus described ; its condition :— “The house of Yin can no longer exercise rule over the land. The great deeds of our founder were displayed in a former age, but through mad addiction to drink we have destroyed the effects of his virtue. The people, small and great, are given to highway robberies, villainies, and treachery. The nobles and officers imitate one another in violating the laws. There is no certainty that criminals will be apprehended. The lesser people rise up and commit violent outrages on one another. The dynasty of Yin is sinking in ruin; its condition is like that of one crossing a large stream, who can find neither ford nor bank.’ This miserable state of the nation was due very much to The character the character and tyranny of the monarch. of the When the son of Wan took the field against monarc®- him, he thus denounced him in ‘a Solemn Declaration’ addressed to all the states :— ‘Shau, the king of Shang, treats all virtue with contemptuous slight, and abandons himself to wild idleness and irreverence. He has cut himself off from Heaven, and brought enmity between himself and the people. He cut through the leg-bones of those who were wading in a (winter-)morning; he cut out the heart of the good man*. His power has been shown in killing and murdering. His honours and confidence are given to the villainous and bad. He has driven from him his instructors and guardians. He has thrown to the winds the statutes and penal laws. He neglects the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth. He has discontinued the offerings 1 The Sha IV, xi, 1, 2.
2His honours and confidence are given to the villainous and bad. He has driven from him his instructors and guardians. He has thrown to the winds the statutes and penal laws. He neglects the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth. He has discontinued the offerings 1 The Sha IV, xi, 1, 2. 3 These were well-known instances of Shau’s wanton cruelty. Observing some people one winter's day wading through a stream, he ordered their legs to be cut through at the shank-bone, that he might sec the marrow which could so endure the cold, ‘The good man’ was a relative of his own, called Pi-kan. Having enraged Sh4&u by the sternness of his rebukes, the tyrant ordered his heart to be cut out, that he might see the structure of a sage’s heart, Cc 2 20 THE Yi KING. cH. 1. in the ancestral temple. He makes (cruel) contrivances of wonderful device and extraordinary ingenuity to please his wife ?.— God will no longer bear with him, but with a curse is sending down his ruin®,’ Such was the condition of the nation, such the character of the sovereign. Meanwhile in the west of the kingdom, The lords of in a part of what is now the province of Shenespecially hst, lay the principality of Au, the lords of king Wan. which had long been distinguished for their ability and virtue. Its present chief, now known to us as king Wan, was Khang, who had succeeded to his father _in B.c.1185. He was not only lord of K4u, but had come to be a sort of viceroy over a great part of the kingdom. Equally distinguished in peace and war, a model of all that was good and attractive, he conducted himself with remarkable wisdom and self-restraint. Princes and people would have rejoiced to follow him to attack the tyrant, but he shrank from exposing himself to the charge of being disloyal. At last the jealous suspicion of Sh4u was aroused. Wan, as has been already stated, was thrown into prison in B.C. 1143, and the order for his death might arrive at any moment. Then it was that he occupied himself with the lineal figures. The use of those figures—of the trigrams at least—had long been practised for the purposes of divination. The employment of the divining stalks is indicated in ‘the Counsels of the Great Yii, one of the earliest Books of the Shi’, and a whole section in ‘the Great Plan, also a Book of the Sha, and referred to the times of the Hsia dynasty, describes how ‘doubts were to be examined’ by means of the tortoise-shell and the stalks‘. Wan could not but be familiar with divination as an institution of his 1 We do not know what these contrivances were. But to please his wife, the infamous T4-Ai, Shau had made ‘the Heater’ and ‘the Roaster,’ two instruments of torture. The latter was a copper pillar laid above a pit of burning charcoal, and made slippery ; culprits were forced to walk along it. 2 The Shi V, i, Sect. iii, 2, 3. 3 Sha I, ii, 18. € Sha V, iv, 20-31. CH. Il. INTRODUCTION. 21
3The latter was a copper pillar laid above a pit of burning charcoal, and made slippery ; culprits were forced to walk along it. 2 The Shi V, i, Sect. iii, 2, 3. 3 Sha I, ii, 18. € Sha V, iv, 20-31. CH. Il. INTRODUCTION. 21 country!. Possibly it occurred to him that nothing was King Win More likely to lull the suspicions of his oc eh dangerous enemy than the study of the the lineal figures ; and if his keepers took notice of what figures. he was doing, they would smile at his lines, and the sentences which he appended to them. Tlike to think of the lord of Kau, when incarcerated in Ya-li, with the 64 figures arranged before him, Each hexagram assumed a mystic meaning, and glowed with a deep significance. He made it tell him of the qualities of various objects of nature, or of the principles.of human society, or of the condition, actual and possible, of the kingdom. He named the figures, each by a term descriptive of the idea ~ with which he had connected it in his mind, and then he proceeded to set that idea forth, now with a note of exhortation, now with a note of warning. It was an attempt to restrict the follies of divination within the bounds of reason. The last but one of the Appendixes bears the name of ‘ Sequence of the Diagrams.’ I shall have to speak of it more at length in the next chapter. I only remark at present that it deals, feebly indeed, with the names of the hexagrams in harmony with what I have said about them, and tries to account for the order in which they follow one another. It does all this, not critically as if it needed to be established, but in the way of expository statement, relating that about which there was no doubt in the mind of the author. But all the work of prince Kang or king W4n in the Yi thus amounts to no more than 64 short paragraphs. Work of the We do not know what led his son Tan to cnthesepeate enter into his work and complete it as he lines. did. Tan was a patriot, a hero, a legislator, and a philosopher. Perhaps he took the lineal figures in hand as a tribute of filial duty. What had been done for the whole hexagram he would do for each line, and make it clear that all the six lines ‘bent one way their precious influence, and blended their rays in the globe of light which his father had made each figure give forth. 1 Inthe Book of Poetry we have Wan’s grandfather (Than-fa, III, i, ode 3. 3) divining, and his son (king W4, III, i, ode 10. 7) doing the same. 22 THE yi KING. CH. It.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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