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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1from the fire, from the water, &c.°® 20. ‘Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words ; thou shalt chant five Ahuna-Vairyas :— *“Vatha ah vairy6 :—The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness,” &c. ‘“Kem-nd mazda :—Whom hast thou placed to protect me?” &c. ? Yasna XXXIV, 15. 8 The rest as in § 9. ® The rest as in § 10. * As in § 7. ® As in § 12. ° As in § 13. 148 VENDIDAD. ‘“Ke verethrem-g4:—Who is he who will smite the fiend?” &c.! ‘«Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish, O fiendish Drug! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world of the fiend! Perish away, O Drug! Rush away, O Drug! Perish away, O Drug! Perish away to the regions of the north, never more to give unto death the living world of Righteousness !”’ FarGARD XII. This chapter is found only in the Vendidad Sada; it is missing in the Zend-Pahlavi Vendfdid. This is owing, as it seems, only to the accidental loss of some folios in the one manuscript from which all the copies as yet known have been derived; and, in fact, even in the most ancient manuscripts the following Fargard is numbered the thirteenth (Westergaard, Zend-Avesta, preface, p. §). The directions in the preceding chapter are general, and do not depend on the relationship of the faithful with the deceased person ; whereas those in this Fargard are of a special character, and apply only to the near relatives of the dead. Their object is to determine how long the time of ‘staying’ (upaman) should last for different relatives. What is meant by this word is not explained ; but, as the word upaman is usually employed to indicate the staying of the unclean in the Armést-g4h, apart from the faithful and from every clean object, that word upaman seems to show a certain period of mourning, marked by abstention from usual avocations. The length of the upaman varies with the degrees of relationship; and at every degree it is double for relations who have died in a state of sin (that is, with a sin not redeemed by the Patet : cf. p. 135, note 1). The relative length of the upaman is as follows :— For the head of a family (§ 7): 6 months (or a year). For father or mother (§ 1) First degree, For son or daughter (§ 3) \ jo days (or 60). For brother or sister (§ 5) 1 See Farg. VIII, 19, 20. FARGARD XII. 149 For grandfather or grand- mother (§ 9) Second degree. For grandson or granddaughter (§ 11) Third degree. For uncle or aunt (§ 13): 20 days (or 40). For male cousin or female Fourth degree. { cousin (§ 18) } 15 days (or 30). 25 days (or g0). For the son or daughter of a cousin (§ 17) } 10 days (or 20). For the grandson or the grand- ) ° daughter of a cousin (§ 19) \ 5 days (or 10). Fifth degree. { Sixth degree. { 1. If one’s father or mother dies, how long shall they stay [in mourning], the son for his father, the daughter for her mother? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners’?
2For the grandson or the grand- ) ° daughter of a cousin (§ 19) \ 5 days (or 10). Fifth degree. { Sixth degree. { 1. If one’s father or mother dies, how long shall they stay [in mourning], the son for his father, the daughter for her mother? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners’? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘They shall stay thirty days for the righteous, sixty days for the sinners.’ 2 (5). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the GAthas three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters’; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spextas may enter *, O Spitama Zarathustra !’ * How long if the dead person died in a state of holiness (a dahma)? How long if in the state of a Peshétanu? * This refers probably to the sacrifice that is offered on each of the three days that follow the death of a Zoroastrian for the salvation of his soul. * All the other objects over which the Amesha-Spentas preside (such as the cow, the metals, &c.) 150 VEND{DAD. 3 (9). If one’s son or daughter dies, how long shall they stay, the father for his son, the mother for her daughter? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ They shall stay thirty days for the righteous, sixty days for the sinners.’ 4 (13). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters ; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Spentas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra!” 5 (17). If one’s brother or sister dies, how long shall they stay, the brother for his brother, the sister for her sister? How long for the righteous ? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘They shall stay thirty days for the righteous, sixty days for the sinners.’ 6 (21). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times ; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Speatas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra!’
37 (25). If the master of the house? dies, or if the 1 The chief of the family, the paterfamilias, The Zoroastrian family is organised on the patriarchal system. FARGARD XII. 151 mistress of the house dies, how long shall they stay? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘They? shall stay six months for the righteous, a year for the sinners.’ 8 (28). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Abura Mazda answered: ‘ You shall wash. your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times; you shall offer up a Sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Spertas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra!’ 9 (31). If one’s grandfather or grandmother dies, how long shall they stay, the grandson for his grandfather, the granddaughter for her grandmother? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ They shall stay twentyfive days for the righteous, fifty days for the sinners.’ 10 (34). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters ; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Spentas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra!’ ‘ All the familia, both relatives and servants. 152 vEND{DAD. 11 (37). If one’s grandson or granddaughter dies, how long shall they stay, the grandfather for his grandson, the grandmother for her granddaughter ? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered : ‘ They shall stay twentyfive days for the righteous, fifty days for the sinners.’ 12 (40). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the GAthas three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Speztas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra !’ 13 (43). If one’s uncle or aunt dies, how long shall they stay, the nephew for his uncle, the niece for her aunt? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ They shall stay twenty days for the righteous, forty days for the sinners.’
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1from the fire, from the water, &c.°® 20. ‘Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words ; thou shalt chant five Ahuna-Vairyas :— *“Vatha ah vairy6 :—The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness,” &c. ‘“Kem-nd mazda :—Whom hast thou placed to protect me?” &c. ? Yasna XXXIV, 15. 8 The rest as in § 9. ® The rest as in § 10. * As in § 7. ® As in § 12. ° As in § 13. 148 VENDIDAD. ‘“Ke verethrem-g4:—Who is he who will smite the fiend?” &c.! ‘«Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish, O fiendish Drug! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world of the fiend! Perish away, O Drug! Rush away, O Drug! Perish away, O Drug! Perish away to the regions of the north, never more to give unto death the living world of Righteousness !”’ FarGARD XII. This chapter is found only in the Vendidad Sada; it is missing in the Zend-Pahlavi Vendfdid. This is owing, as it seems, only to the accidental loss of some folios in the one manuscript from which all the copies as yet known have been derived; and, in fact, even in the most ancient manuscripts the following Fargard is numbered the thirteenth (Westergaard, Zend-Avesta, preface, p. §). The directions in the preceding chapter are general, and do not depend on the relationship of the faithful with the deceased person ; whereas those in this Fargard are of a special character, and apply only to the near relatives of the dead. Their object is to determine how long the time of ‘staying’ (upaman) should last for different relatives. What is meant by this word is not explained ; but, as the word upaman is usually employed to indicate the staying of the unclean in the Armést-g4h, apart from the faithful and from every clean object, that word upaman seems to show a certain period of mourning, marked by abstention from usual avocations. The length of the upaman varies with the degrees of relationship; and at every degree it is double for relations who have died in a state of sin (that is, with a sin not redeemed by the Patet : cf. p. 135, note 1). The relative length of the upaman is as follows :— For the head of a family (§ 7): 6 months (or a year). For father or mother (§ 1) First degree, For son or daughter (§ 3) \ jo days (or 60). For brother or sister (§ 5) 1 See Farg. VIII, 19, 20. FARGARD XII. 149 For grandfather or grand- mother (§ 9) Second degree. For grandson or granddaughter (§ 11) Third degree. For uncle or aunt (§ 13): 20 days (or 40). For male cousin or female Fourth degree. { cousin (§ 18) } 15 days (or 30). 25 days (or g0). For the son or daughter of a cousin (§ 17) } 10 days (or 20). For the grandson or the grand- ) ° daughter of a cousin (§ 19) \ 5 days (or 10). Fifth degree. { Sixth degree. { 1. If one’s father or mother dies, how long shall they stay [in mourning], the son for his father, the daughter for her mother? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners’?
2For the grandson or the grand- ) ° daughter of a cousin (§ 19) \ 5 days (or 10). Fifth degree. { Sixth degree. { 1. If one’s father or mother dies, how long shall they stay [in mourning], the son for his father, the daughter for her mother? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners’? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘They shall stay thirty days for the righteous, sixty days for the sinners.’ 2 (5). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the GAthas three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters’; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spextas may enter *, O Spitama Zarathustra !’ * How long if the dead person died in a state of holiness (a dahma)? How long if in the state of a Peshétanu? * This refers probably to the sacrifice that is offered on each of the three days that follow the death of a Zoroastrian for the salvation of his soul. * All the other objects over which the Amesha-Spentas preside (such as the cow, the metals, &c.) 150 VEND{DAD. 3 (9). If one’s son or daughter dies, how long shall they stay, the father for his son, the mother for her daughter? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ They shall stay thirty days for the righteous, sixty days for the sinners.’ 4 (13). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters ; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Spentas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra!” 5 (17). If one’s brother or sister dies, how long shall they stay, the brother for his brother, the sister for her sister? How long for the righteous ? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘They shall stay thirty days for the righteous, sixty days for the sinners.’ 6 (21). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times ; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Speatas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra!’
37 (25). If the master of the house? dies, or if the 1 The chief of the family, the paterfamilias, The Zoroastrian family is organised on the patriarchal system. FARGARD XII. 151 mistress of the house dies, how long shall they stay? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘They? shall stay six months for the righteous, a year for the sinners.’ 8 (28). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Abura Mazda answered: ‘ You shall wash. your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times; you shall offer up a Sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Spertas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra!’ 9 (31). If one’s grandfather or grandmother dies, how long shall they stay, the grandson for his grandfather, the granddaughter for her grandmother? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ They shall stay twentyfive days for the righteous, fifty days for the sinners.’ 10 (34). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters ; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Spentas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra!’ ‘ All the familia, both relatives and servants. 152 vEND{DAD. 11 (37). If one’s grandson or granddaughter dies, how long shall they stay, the grandfather for his grandson, the grandmother for her granddaughter ? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered : ‘ They shall stay twentyfive days for the righteous, fifty days for the sinners.’ 12 (40). O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the GAthas three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha- Speztas may enter, O Spitama Zarathustra !’ 13 (43). If one’s uncle or aunt dies, how long shall they stay, the nephew for his uncle, the niece for her aunt? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners ? Ahura Mazda answered: ‘ They shall stay twenty days for the righteous, forty days for the sinners.’
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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