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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1187 seq.) * See however § 16, note 3. [4] B vY 2 VENDIDAD. names from the records of the Achaemenian kings or the works of classical writers down to the map of modern Iran. For the other lands we are confined for information to the Pahlavi Commentary, from which we get : ZEND NAME. PAHLAVI NAME. MODERN NAME. Vaékereta (7) K4pfal iS Kébul Urva (8) Méshan Mesene Varena (14) Patashkhvargar or Dailam Tabaristén or Gflan Rangha (16) = Arvast4ni Rom Eastern Mesopotamia The identification of Nisfya (5) and Kakhra (13) remains an open question, as there were several cities of that name. We know, however, that Nisfya lay between Balkh and Marv. The first province Airyanem Vaég6, or Iran-Vég, we identify with the mediaeval Arran (nowadays known as Karabagh). There must have been some systematical idea in the order followed, though it is not apparent, except in the succession of Sughdha, Méuru, Bakhdhi, NisAya, Haréyu, Vaékereta (numbers 2-7), which form one compact group of north-eastern provinces ; the last two provinces, Hizdu and Rangha (numbers 15-16), are the two limitroph provinces, east and west (Indus and Tigris); and the Rangha brings us back to the first province, Iran-Vég, whose chief river, the Vanguhi D4itya, or Aras, springs from the same mountains as the Rangha-Tigris. The several plagues created by Angra Mainyu to mar the native perfection of Ahura’s creations give instructive information on the religious condition of several of the Iranian countries at the time when this Fargard was written. Harat seems to have been the seat of puritan sects that pushed rigorism to the extreme in the law of purification. Sorcery was prevalent in the basin of the Helmend river, and the Paris were powerful in Cabul, which is a Zoroastrian way of saying that the Hindu civilisation prevailed in those parts, which in fact in the two centuries before and after Christ were known as White India, and remained more Indian than Iranian till the Musulman conquest. 1. Ahura Mazda spake unto Spitama! Zarathustra, saying : ? Or Spitamide. Zarathustra was descended from Spitama at the fifth generation. FARGARD I. 3 I have made every land dear (to its people), even though it had no charms whatever in it!: had I not made every land dear (to its people), even though it had no charms whatever in it, then the whole living world would have invaded the Airyana Vaégd*. 3 (5). The first of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the Airyana Vaég6 *, by the Vanguhi Daitya +. 1 “Every one fancies that the land where he was born and has been brought up is the best and fairest land that I have created’ (Comm.)
23 (5). The first of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the Airyana Vaég6 *, by the Vanguhi Daitya +. 1 “Every one fancies that the land where he was born and has been brought up is the best and fairest land that I have created’ (Comm.) * Greater Bundahish : ‘ It is said in the Sacred Book: had I not created the Genius of the native place, all mankind would have gone to Eran-Vég, on account of its pleasantness.—On Airyanem Vaégd or Erfin-Vég, see following note.—Clause 2 in the Vendidad Sada is composed of Zend quotations in the Commentary that illustrate the alternative process of the creation: ‘First, Ahura Mazda would create a land of such kind that its dwellers might like it, dnd there could be nothing more delightful. Then he who is all death would bring against it a counter-creation.’ * Airyanem Vaég6, Iran-Vég, is the holy land of Zoroastrianism : Zoroaster was born and founded his religion there (Bund. XX, 32; XXXII, 3): the first animal couple appeared there (Bund. XIV, 4; ZAd Sparam, IX, 8). From its name, ‘ the Iranian seed,’ it seems to have been considered as the original seat of the Iranian race. It has been generally supposed to belong to Eastern Iran, like the provinces which are enumerated after it, chiefly on account of the name of its river, the Vanguhi Déitya, which was in the Sassanian times (as Véh) the name of the Oxus. But the Bundahish distinctly states that Iran-Vég is ‘bordering upon Adarbaigan’ (XXIX, 12); now, Adarbaigin is bordered by the Caspian Sea on the east, by the Rangha provinces on the west, by Media proper on the south, and by Arran on the north. The Rangha provinces are out of question, since they are mentioned at the end of the Fargard (§ 20), and the climatic conditions of Iran-Vég with its long winter likewise exclude Media and suit Arrin, where the summer lasts hardly two months (cf. § 4, note 6). The very name agrees, as the country ‘ For this note see next page. B2 4 VEND{DAD. Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created the serpent in the river 5 and Winter, a work of the Daévas ®. 4 (9). There are.ten winter months there, two summer months’; and those are cold for the waters 8, cold for the earth, cold for the trees®. Winter falls there, the worst of all plagues. 5 (13). The second of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the plain’? which the Sughdhas inhabit". Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, known as Arrfn seems to have been known to the Greeks as *Aptavia (Stephanus Byz.), which brings it close to our Airyanem. On the Vanguhi Daitya, see following note. ‘ The Vanguhi D4itya, belonging to Arran, must be the modern Aras (the classic Araxes). The Aras was named Vanguhi, like the Oxus, but distinguished from it by the addition Déitya, which made it ‘the Vanguhi of the Law’ (the Vanguhi by which Zoroaster received the Law).
3‘ The Vanguhi D4itya, belonging to Arran, must be the modern Aras (the classic Araxes). The Aras was named Vanguhi, like the Oxus, but distinguished from it by the addition Déitya, which made it ‘the Vanguhi of the Law’ (the Vanguhi by which Zoroaster received the Law). 5 ‘There are many Khrafstras in the Daitfk, as it is said, The Déitik full of Khrafstras’ (Bund. XX, 13). Snakes abound on the banks of the Araxes (Morier, A Second Journey, p. 250) nowadays as much as in the time of Pompeius, to whom they barred the way from Albania to Hyrcania (Plut.) ® Arran (Karabagh) is celebrated for its cold winter as well as for its beauty. At the Naurdz (first day of spring) the fields still lie under the snow. The temperature does not become milder before the second fortnight of April; no flower is seen before May. Summer, which is marked by the migration of the nomads from the plain to the mountains, begins about the 20th of June and ends in the middle of August. 7 Vendidad Sada: ‘It is known that [in the ordinary course of nature] there are seven months of summer and five of winter’ (see Bund. XXV). ® Some say: ‘Even those two months of summer are cold for the waters...’ (Comm. ; cf. Mainy6-i-khard XLIV, 20). ® Vend. Sada: ‘There reigns the core and heart of winter.’ % Doubtful. ™ Old P. Suguda ; Sogdiana. FARGARD I. 5 and he counter-created the locust’, which brings death unto cattle and plants. 6 (17). The third of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the strong, holy Moéuru ’, Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created plunder and sin *. 7 (21). The fourth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the beautiful Bakhdhi‘ with high-lifted banners. Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created the ants and the anthills’. 8 (25). The fifth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was Nisdya °, that lies between Méuru and Bakhdhi. 1 <The plague that fell to that country was the bad locust: it devours the plants and death comes to the cattle’ (Gr. Bund.) 2 Margu ; Mapy:avy ; Marv. % Doubtful.—The Gr. Bd. has: ‘The plague that fell to that country was the coming and going of troops: for there is always there an evil concourse of horsemen, thieves, robbers, and heretics, who speak untruth and oppress the righteous. —Marv continued to be the resort of Turanian plunderers till the recent Russian annexation. * Bakhtri; Bderpa; Balkh. 5 «The corn-carrying ants’ (Asp.; cf. Farg. XIV, 5).
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1187 seq.) * See however § 16, note 3. [4] B vY 2 VENDIDAD. names from the records of the Achaemenian kings or the works of classical writers down to the map of modern Iran. For the other lands we are confined for information to the Pahlavi Commentary, from which we get : ZEND NAME. PAHLAVI NAME. MODERN NAME. Vaékereta (7) K4pfal iS Kébul Urva (8) Méshan Mesene Varena (14) Patashkhvargar or Dailam Tabaristén or Gflan Rangha (16) = Arvast4ni Rom Eastern Mesopotamia The identification of Nisfya (5) and Kakhra (13) remains an open question, as there were several cities of that name. We know, however, that Nisfya lay between Balkh and Marv. The first province Airyanem Vaég6, or Iran-Vég, we identify with the mediaeval Arran (nowadays known as Karabagh). There must have been some systematical idea in the order followed, though it is not apparent, except in the succession of Sughdha, Méuru, Bakhdhi, NisAya, Haréyu, Vaékereta (numbers 2-7), which form one compact group of north-eastern provinces ; the last two provinces, Hizdu and Rangha (numbers 15-16), are the two limitroph provinces, east and west (Indus and Tigris); and the Rangha brings us back to the first province, Iran-Vég, whose chief river, the Vanguhi D4itya, or Aras, springs from the same mountains as the Rangha-Tigris. The several plagues created by Angra Mainyu to mar the native perfection of Ahura’s creations give instructive information on the religious condition of several of the Iranian countries at the time when this Fargard was written. Harat seems to have been the seat of puritan sects that pushed rigorism to the extreme in the law of purification. Sorcery was prevalent in the basin of the Helmend river, and the Paris were powerful in Cabul, which is a Zoroastrian way of saying that the Hindu civilisation prevailed in those parts, which in fact in the two centuries before and after Christ were known as White India, and remained more Indian than Iranian till the Musulman conquest. 1. Ahura Mazda spake unto Spitama! Zarathustra, saying : ? Or Spitamide. Zarathustra was descended from Spitama at the fifth generation. FARGARD I. 3 I have made every land dear (to its people), even though it had no charms whatever in it!: had I not made every land dear (to its people), even though it had no charms whatever in it, then the whole living world would have invaded the Airyana Vaégd*. 3 (5). The first of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the Airyana Vaég6 *, by the Vanguhi Daitya +. 1 “Every one fancies that the land where he was born and has been brought up is the best and fairest land that I have created’ (Comm.)
23 (5). The first of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the Airyana Vaég6 *, by the Vanguhi Daitya +. 1 “Every one fancies that the land where he was born and has been brought up is the best and fairest land that I have created’ (Comm.) * Greater Bundahish : ‘ It is said in the Sacred Book: had I not created the Genius of the native place, all mankind would have gone to Eran-Vég, on account of its pleasantness.—On Airyanem Vaégd or Erfin-Vég, see following note.—Clause 2 in the Vendidad Sada is composed of Zend quotations in the Commentary that illustrate the alternative process of the creation: ‘First, Ahura Mazda would create a land of such kind that its dwellers might like it, dnd there could be nothing more delightful. Then he who is all death would bring against it a counter-creation.’ * Airyanem Vaég6, Iran-Vég, is the holy land of Zoroastrianism : Zoroaster was born and founded his religion there (Bund. XX, 32; XXXII, 3): the first animal couple appeared there (Bund. XIV, 4; ZAd Sparam, IX, 8). From its name, ‘ the Iranian seed,’ it seems to have been considered as the original seat of the Iranian race. It has been generally supposed to belong to Eastern Iran, like the provinces which are enumerated after it, chiefly on account of the name of its river, the Vanguhi Déitya, which was in the Sassanian times (as Véh) the name of the Oxus. But the Bundahish distinctly states that Iran-Vég is ‘bordering upon Adarbaigan’ (XXIX, 12); now, Adarbaigin is bordered by the Caspian Sea on the east, by the Rangha provinces on the west, by Media proper on the south, and by Arran on the north. The Rangha provinces are out of question, since they are mentioned at the end of the Fargard (§ 20), and the climatic conditions of Iran-Vég with its long winter likewise exclude Media and suit Arrin, where the summer lasts hardly two months (cf. § 4, note 6). The very name agrees, as the country ‘ For this note see next page. B2 4 VEND{DAD. Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created the serpent in the river 5 and Winter, a work of the Daévas ®. 4 (9). There are.ten winter months there, two summer months’; and those are cold for the waters 8, cold for the earth, cold for the trees®. Winter falls there, the worst of all plagues. 5 (13). The second of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the plain’? which the Sughdhas inhabit". Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, known as Arrfn seems to have been known to the Greeks as *Aptavia (Stephanus Byz.), which brings it close to our Airyanem. On the Vanguhi Daitya, see following note. ‘ The Vanguhi D4itya, belonging to Arran, must be the modern Aras (the classic Araxes). The Aras was named Vanguhi, like the Oxus, but distinguished from it by the addition Déitya, which made it ‘the Vanguhi of the Law’ (the Vanguhi by which Zoroaster received the Law).
3‘ The Vanguhi D4itya, belonging to Arran, must be the modern Aras (the classic Araxes). The Aras was named Vanguhi, like the Oxus, but distinguished from it by the addition Déitya, which made it ‘the Vanguhi of the Law’ (the Vanguhi by which Zoroaster received the Law). 5 ‘There are many Khrafstras in the Daitfk, as it is said, The Déitik full of Khrafstras’ (Bund. XX, 13). Snakes abound on the banks of the Araxes (Morier, A Second Journey, p. 250) nowadays as much as in the time of Pompeius, to whom they barred the way from Albania to Hyrcania (Plut.) ® Arran (Karabagh) is celebrated for its cold winter as well as for its beauty. At the Naurdz (first day of spring) the fields still lie under the snow. The temperature does not become milder before the second fortnight of April; no flower is seen before May. Summer, which is marked by the migration of the nomads from the plain to the mountains, begins about the 20th of June and ends in the middle of August. 7 Vendidad Sada: ‘It is known that [in the ordinary course of nature] there are seven months of summer and five of winter’ (see Bund. XXV). ® Some say: ‘Even those two months of summer are cold for the waters...’ (Comm. ; cf. Mainy6-i-khard XLIV, 20). ® Vend. Sada: ‘There reigns the core and heart of winter.’ % Doubtful. ™ Old P. Suguda ; Sogdiana. FARGARD I. 5 and he counter-created the locust’, which brings death unto cattle and plants. 6 (17). The third of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the strong, holy Moéuru ’, Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created plunder and sin *. 7 (21). The fourth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was the beautiful Bakhdhi‘ with high-lifted banners. Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created the ants and the anthills’. 8 (25). The fifth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda, created, was Nisdya °, that lies between Méuru and Bakhdhi. 1 <The plague that fell to that country was the bad locust: it devours the plants and death comes to the cattle’ (Gr. Bund.) 2 Margu ; Mapy:avy ; Marv. % Doubtful.—The Gr. Bd. has: ‘The plague that fell to that country was the coming and going of troops: for there is always there an evil concourse of horsemen, thieves, robbers, and heretics, who speak untruth and oppress the righteous. —Marv continued to be the resort of Turanian plunderers till the recent Russian annexation. * Bakhtri; Bderpa; Balkh. 5 «The corn-carrying ants’ (Asp.; cf. Farg. XIV, 5).
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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