Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
12g. Viv. p.129; Ratn. p. 229. XX, 1. Ratn. p. 243; Viv. p. 138. The former work reads ‘two species.’ 2-4. Ratn. pp. 243, 244; Viv. p.138; May. p.137; Viram. p. 483. ‘Terms of contempt’ in 3 means filthy speeches, such as ‘I shall visit your sister or mother.’ 5. Ratn. p. 245; Viram. p. 484. Aa2 356 BRIHASPATI. . XX, 6. 6. When persons equal in caste and qualities abuse one another, the punishment ordained for them in the system of law is thirteen Pazas and a half. 7. For a Brahman abusing a Kshatriya, the fine shall be half of a hundred (fifty Pazas) ; for abusing a Vaisya, half of fifty (twenty-five Pawas); for abusing a Sddra, twelve and a half. 8. This punishment has been declared for (abusing) a virtuous Sddra who has committed no wrong ; no offence is imputable to a Brahman for abusing (a Sddra) devoid of virtue. g. A Vaisya shall be fined a hundred (Pazas) for reviling a Kshatriya; a Kshatriya reviling a Vaisya shall have to pay half of that amount as a fine. to. In the case of a Kshatriya reviling a Sddra, the: fine shall be twenty Pawas; in the case of a Vaisya, the double amount is declared to be the proper fine by persons learned in law. 11, A Sfdra shall be compelled to pay the first fine for abusing a Vaisya; the middling fine (for abusing) a Kshatriya; and the highest fine (for abusing) a Brahman. 12. (A Sddra) teaching the precepts of religion, or uttering the words of the Veda, or insulting a Brahman, shall be punished by cutting out his tongue. 13. (A man) reviling a sister or other (relation) of 6. Ratn. p. 247; Viram. p. 483. y-11. Ratn. pp. 251, 252; Viram. p. 485. 4. May. p, 138. 12. May. p.138; Viram. p. 486; Viv. p.141; Ratn. p. 252. 13. Ratn. p. 250; Viram. p. 485. The latter work reads vipradikam, ‘a Brahman or other person,’ for svasradikam, ‘a sister or other relative.’ XXI, 4 ASSAULT. 357 another person shall give a fine amounting to fifty Pamas. ‘14. He who reviles a person’s native country or other (belongings of his), shall be fined twelve Pazas and a half. He who through arrogance imputes an offence t8 him, shall be compelled to pay the first fine. 15. This gradation of fines has been declared by me, subject to modification by the sages, in conformity with the (particular caste or qualities of a) man, so as either to remain as declared, or to be reduced or raised. X XI. AssavuLt. 1. Injuring (a man) with a hand, stone, club, or (throwing at him) ashes, or mud, or dust, or (attacking him with) a weapon, is termed assault. . 2. Throwing ashes or the like (at a man), or striking him with a hand or the like, is (termed) an assault of the first degree ; the fine to be inflicted in that case shall amount to a Masha. 3. This fine is ordained for (an assault on) equals in caste; (for assaults) on another man’s wife or on a superior, it shall be twofold or threefold, according to the sages, according to the rank (of the person injured).
23. This fine is ordained for (an assault on) equals in caste; (for assaults) on another man’s wife or on a superior, it shall be twofold or threefold, according to the sages, according to the rank (of the person injured). 4. He who having been abused returns the abuse, or having been beaten returns the blow, or strikes an offender down, commits no wrong. 14,16. Viram. p. 488; Ratn. p. 257. XXI, 1. Ratn. p. 259. 2, 3. Ratn. p. 261; Viv. p. 144. 4. May. p. 139; Viram. p. 472; Viv. p. 153; Ratn. p. 276. 358 BRIHASPATI. XXI, 5. 5. When a person throws gravel, stones, or pieces of wood at another, the first (or lowest) fine shall be inflicted on him. When they mutually strike one another with a hand or foot, it shall amount to ten or twenty Pazas respectively. 6. The second fine shall be imposed when two persons in anger use weapons against one another ; when a wound has been inflicted, the punishment shall be fixed by experts, corresponding to the severity of the hurt. 7. For injuring (a person) with bricks, stones, or a wooden club, (the fine shall be) two MAshas; the double fine shall be inflicted, according to the sages, when blood flows. 8. For tearing the skin, the first (or lowest) fine (shall be inflicted) ; for tearing the flesh, the second fine; for breaking a bone, the highest fine; for killing, capital punishment. 9. For breaking the ear, nose, or hand (of a person), or injuring his teeth, or feet, the second fine shall be inflicted; and double of that, for entirely cutting off (any of those limbs). 10. He who injures a limb, or divides it, or cuts it off, shall be compelled to pay the expense of curing it; and (he who forcibly took an article in a quarrel, shall restore) his plunder. 11. When a man has been beaten in a solitary place, or when no wound is seen, the offender shall 5. Ratn. p. 263; Viv. p. 145; Viram. p. 473. 6, 7. Viram. p. 474; Viv. p.147; Ratn. p. 264. 8,9. Viv. p. 148. 10. Viv. p. 153; Ratn. p. 270; Viram. p. 477. 11, 12. Ratn. p. 273. XXII, 2. ROBBERY AND VIOLENCE. 359 be found out by circumstantial evidence or by an oath or ordeal. 12. When he has been struck in the interior of a house, or in a wood, or at night, and blood becomes visible, one shall not examine witnesses. 13. When two persons strike simultaneously, the punishment shall be equal for both; the first aggressor and he who is a habitual mischief-maker shall be compelled to pay a larger fine. 14. When a low person offends a man in high position by harsh words or the like, that man must not be persecuted by the king if he beats his aggressor. 15. Persons begotten in the inverse order of castes, and members of the lowest caste, are called the refuse of society; should they insult a Brahman, they shall be corporally punished, and shall never be “amerced in a fine.
315. Persons begotten in the inverse order of castes, and members of the lowest caste, are called the refuse of society; should they insult a Brahman, they shall be corporally punished, and shall never be “amerced in a fine. 16. He who employs at an improper time, for drawing or carrying, tired, or hungry, or thirsty animals, shall be compelled to atone for it in the same way as a cow-killer, or to pay the first fine. XXII. Ropsery AND VIOLENCE. 1. Homicide, theft, assault on another man’s wife, and the two kinds of injury (abuse and assault) are the four species of violence (Sahasa). 2. Thieves are declared to be of two kinds, open and concealed. These are subdivided a thousand- 13. Ratn. p. 275. 14. Ratn. p. 276. 15. Ratn. p. 277. 16. Ratn. p. 280. XXII, 1. May. p. 145. 2-4. Ratn. p. 289; Viram. p. 491. 360 BRIHASPATI. XXII, 3. fold, according to their skill, ability, and mode of cheating. 3. (Fraudulent) traders, quacks, gamblers, (corruptible) judges, those who accept bribes, cheats, persons (pretending) to know how to interpret evil omens, or to practise propitiatory rites, low artists, forgers, 4. (Hired servants) refusing to do their work, {roguish) umpires, perjured witnesses, and, lastly, jugglers: these are termed open thieves, 5. Housebreakers, highwaymen, robbers of bipeds or quadrupeds, thieves of clothes and the like, and stealers of grain, should be considered secret thieves. 6. (Thieves or robbers) having been found out by the king’s attendants by their associating (with thieves) or by marks of their criminality, or by their being possessed of stolen goods, shall be compelled to restore their plunder, and shall be visited with punishments ordained in law. 7. A merchant who conceals the blemish of an article which he is selling, or mixes bad and good articles together, or sells (old articles) after repairing them, shall be compelled to give the double quantity (to the purchaser) and to pay a fine equal (in amount) to the value of the article. 8. A physician who, though unacquainted with drugs and spells, or ignorant of the nature of a disease, yet takes money from the sick, shall be punished like a thief. 9. Gamblers playing with false dice, prostitutes, 5. Ratn. p. 292. 6. Viv. p.157; Ratn. p. 293. 4-15. Ratn. pp. 297, 306-311, 314; May. p. 142; Viram. p. 492; Viv. pp.159-165. The readings of the Ratnfkara have been followed throughout, in preference to those found in the other works. XXII, 17. ROBBERY AND VIOLENCE. 361 those who appropriate what belongs to the king, and those who cheat an association, are pronounced to be impostors, and punishable as such. 10, Judges passing an unjust sentence, those who live by taking bribes, and those who disappoint . confidence (placed in them): all such persons shall be banished. 11. Those who, without knowing the science of stars, or portents, expound them to the people from avarice, shall be punished by all means.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
12g. Viv. p.129; Ratn. p. 229. XX, 1. Ratn. p. 243; Viv. p. 138. The former work reads ‘two species.’ 2-4. Ratn. pp. 243, 244; Viv. p.138; May. p.137; Viram. p. 483. ‘Terms of contempt’ in 3 means filthy speeches, such as ‘I shall visit your sister or mother.’ 5. Ratn. p. 245; Viram. p. 484. Aa2 356 BRIHASPATI. . XX, 6. 6. When persons equal in caste and qualities abuse one another, the punishment ordained for them in the system of law is thirteen Pazas and a half. 7. For a Brahman abusing a Kshatriya, the fine shall be half of a hundred (fifty Pazas) ; for abusing a Vaisya, half of fifty (twenty-five Pawas); for abusing a Sddra, twelve and a half. 8. This punishment has been declared for (abusing) a virtuous Sddra who has committed no wrong ; no offence is imputable to a Brahman for abusing (a Sddra) devoid of virtue. g. A Vaisya shall be fined a hundred (Pazas) for reviling a Kshatriya; a Kshatriya reviling a Vaisya shall have to pay half of that amount as a fine. to. In the case of a Kshatriya reviling a Sddra, the: fine shall be twenty Pawas; in the case of a Vaisya, the double amount is declared to be the proper fine by persons learned in law. 11, A Sfdra shall be compelled to pay the first fine for abusing a Vaisya; the middling fine (for abusing) a Kshatriya; and the highest fine (for abusing) a Brahman. 12. (A Sddra) teaching the precepts of religion, or uttering the words of the Veda, or insulting a Brahman, shall be punished by cutting out his tongue. 13. (A man) reviling a sister or other (relation) of 6. Ratn. p. 247; Viram. p. 483. y-11. Ratn. pp. 251, 252; Viram. p. 485. 4. May. p, 138. 12. May. p.138; Viram. p. 486; Viv. p.141; Ratn. p. 252. 13. Ratn. p. 250; Viram. p. 485. The latter work reads vipradikam, ‘a Brahman or other person,’ for svasradikam, ‘a sister or other relative.’ XXI, 4 ASSAULT. 357 another person shall give a fine amounting to fifty Pamas. ‘14. He who reviles a person’s native country or other (belongings of his), shall be fined twelve Pazas and a half. He who through arrogance imputes an offence t8 him, shall be compelled to pay the first fine. 15. This gradation of fines has been declared by me, subject to modification by the sages, in conformity with the (particular caste or qualities of a) man, so as either to remain as declared, or to be reduced or raised. X XI. AssavuLt. 1. Injuring (a man) with a hand, stone, club, or (throwing at him) ashes, or mud, or dust, or (attacking him with) a weapon, is termed assault. . 2. Throwing ashes or the like (at a man), or striking him with a hand or the like, is (termed) an assault of the first degree ; the fine to be inflicted in that case shall amount to a Masha. 3. This fine is ordained for (an assault on) equals in caste; (for assaults) on another man’s wife or on a superior, it shall be twofold or threefold, according to the sages, according to the rank (of the person injured).
23. This fine is ordained for (an assault on) equals in caste; (for assaults) on another man’s wife or on a superior, it shall be twofold or threefold, according to the sages, according to the rank (of the person injured). 4. He who having been abused returns the abuse, or having been beaten returns the blow, or strikes an offender down, commits no wrong. 14,16. Viram. p. 488; Ratn. p. 257. XXI, 1. Ratn. p. 259. 2, 3. Ratn. p. 261; Viv. p. 144. 4. May. p. 139; Viram. p. 472; Viv. p. 153; Ratn. p. 276. 358 BRIHASPATI. XXI, 5. 5. When a person throws gravel, stones, or pieces of wood at another, the first (or lowest) fine shall be inflicted on him. When they mutually strike one another with a hand or foot, it shall amount to ten or twenty Pazas respectively. 6. The second fine shall be imposed when two persons in anger use weapons against one another ; when a wound has been inflicted, the punishment shall be fixed by experts, corresponding to the severity of the hurt. 7. For injuring (a person) with bricks, stones, or a wooden club, (the fine shall be) two MAshas; the double fine shall be inflicted, according to the sages, when blood flows. 8. For tearing the skin, the first (or lowest) fine (shall be inflicted) ; for tearing the flesh, the second fine; for breaking a bone, the highest fine; for killing, capital punishment. 9. For breaking the ear, nose, or hand (of a person), or injuring his teeth, or feet, the second fine shall be inflicted; and double of that, for entirely cutting off (any of those limbs). 10. He who injures a limb, or divides it, or cuts it off, shall be compelled to pay the expense of curing it; and (he who forcibly took an article in a quarrel, shall restore) his plunder. 11. When a man has been beaten in a solitary place, or when no wound is seen, the offender shall 5. Ratn. p. 263; Viv. p. 145; Viram. p. 473. 6, 7. Viram. p. 474; Viv. p.147; Ratn. p. 264. 8,9. Viv. p. 148. 10. Viv. p. 153; Ratn. p. 270; Viram. p. 477. 11, 12. Ratn. p. 273. XXII, 2. ROBBERY AND VIOLENCE. 359 be found out by circumstantial evidence or by an oath or ordeal. 12. When he has been struck in the interior of a house, or in a wood, or at night, and blood becomes visible, one shall not examine witnesses. 13. When two persons strike simultaneously, the punishment shall be equal for both; the first aggressor and he who is a habitual mischief-maker shall be compelled to pay a larger fine. 14. When a low person offends a man in high position by harsh words or the like, that man must not be persecuted by the king if he beats his aggressor. 15. Persons begotten in the inverse order of castes, and members of the lowest caste, are called the refuse of society; should they insult a Brahman, they shall be corporally punished, and shall never be “amerced in a fine.
315. Persons begotten in the inverse order of castes, and members of the lowest caste, are called the refuse of society; should they insult a Brahman, they shall be corporally punished, and shall never be “amerced in a fine. 16. He who employs at an improper time, for drawing or carrying, tired, or hungry, or thirsty animals, shall be compelled to atone for it in the same way as a cow-killer, or to pay the first fine. XXII. Ropsery AND VIOLENCE. 1. Homicide, theft, assault on another man’s wife, and the two kinds of injury (abuse and assault) are the four species of violence (Sahasa). 2. Thieves are declared to be of two kinds, open and concealed. These are subdivided a thousand- 13. Ratn. p. 275. 14. Ratn. p. 276. 15. Ratn. p. 277. 16. Ratn. p. 280. XXII, 1. May. p. 145. 2-4. Ratn. p. 289; Viram. p. 491. 360 BRIHASPATI. XXII, 3. fold, according to their skill, ability, and mode of cheating. 3. (Fraudulent) traders, quacks, gamblers, (corruptible) judges, those who accept bribes, cheats, persons (pretending) to know how to interpret evil omens, or to practise propitiatory rites, low artists, forgers, 4. (Hired servants) refusing to do their work, {roguish) umpires, perjured witnesses, and, lastly, jugglers: these are termed open thieves, 5. Housebreakers, highwaymen, robbers of bipeds or quadrupeds, thieves of clothes and the like, and stealers of grain, should be considered secret thieves. 6. (Thieves or robbers) having been found out by the king’s attendants by their associating (with thieves) or by marks of their criminality, or by their being possessed of stolen goods, shall be compelled to restore their plunder, and shall be visited with punishments ordained in law. 7. A merchant who conceals the blemish of an article which he is selling, or mixes bad and good articles together, or sells (old articles) after repairing them, shall be compelled to give the double quantity (to the purchaser) and to pay a fine equal (in amount) to the value of the article. 8. A physician who, though unacquainted with drugs and spells, or ignorant of the nature of a disease, yet takes money from the sick, shall be punished like a thief. 9. Gamblers playing with false dice, prostitutes, 5. Ratn. p. 292. 6. Viv. p.157; Ratn. p. 293. 4-15. Ratn. pp. 297, 306-311, 314; May. p. 142; Viram. p. 492; Viv. pp.159-165. The readings of the Ratnfkara have been followed throughout, in preference to those found in the other works. XXII, 17. ROBBERY AND VIOLENCE. 361 those who appropriate what belongs to the king, and those who cheat an association, are pronounced to be impostors, and punishable as such. 10, Judges passing an unjust sentence, those who live by taking bribes, and those who disappoint . confidence (placed in them): all such persons shall be banished. 11. Those who, without knowing the science of stars, or portents, expound them to the people from avarice, shall be punished by all means.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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