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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1What is left (of the property) after the expense of maintaining the family has been defrayed, IV, 1. ‘Unduly’ means in a mode opposed to law. Mit4kshar4, Viramitrodaya, Mayfkha, &c. Manu VIII, 214. 2. ‘ Valid gifts,’ literally ‘what is given.’ ‘ Invalid gifts,’ literally ‘what is not given.’ 4. For the meaning of the technical terms, Anvahita and Y4fita, see II,14. The prohibition of such gifts as would leave the family destitute appears to relate principally to charitable donations and religious endowments. 4-6. Y4gviavalkya II, 175. 6. That only may be given which is left after the cost of living has been defrayed for those whom the head of the family is bound to support. Any gift, on the other hand, which causes hardship to the family, is reprehensible, and not meritorious. A. IV, 9. RESUMPTION OF GIFT. 129 may be given, But by giving away anything besides, a householder will incur censure. 7. He who has, for three years, property sufficient to provide for those whom he is bound to maintain, or who has even more than that, shall drink the Soma juice. *8. The price paid for merchandise, wages, (a present offered) for an amusement, (a gift made) from affection, or from gratitude, or for sexual intercourse with a woman, and a respectful gift, are the seven kinds of valid gifts. * 9. Invalid gifts are the following (sixteen): what 4. This rule applies to those cases where there is more wealth than what suffices to maintain the family. A. Manu XI, 7; YVAgviavalkya I, 124; Vasishtha VIII, 10; Vishau LIX, 8. 8. Those gifts only are valid which have been made in one of the seven modes here mentioned. The sixteen other modes of gift are illegal. A. ‘A present offered for an amusement,’ i.e. what has been given to bards, eulogists, and the like persons. ‘A gift made from affection,’ to a-daughter or other relative. Viramitrodaya, &c. Instead of stribhakti, ‘sexual intercourse with a woman,’ the MSS. of Vulg. and the quotations read strisulka, ‘a nuptial gift presented to the relations of the wife.’
2‘A gift made from affection,’ to a-daughter or other relative. Viramitrodaya, &c. Instead of stribhakti, ‘sexual intercourse with a woman,’ the MSS. of Vulg. and the quotations read strisulka, ‘a nuptial gift presented to the relations of the wife.’ g-11. 1. ‘ Fear,’ as e.g. if an honest man promises one hundred drachmas to a ruffian who addresses him, while he is passing through a forest, with the words, ‘If thou givest me one hundred drachmas, thou shalt live. Otherwise, thou shalt die.’ 2. ‘ Anger, or hatred:’ if a man, actuated by jealousy, says to a Brahman, to whom his wife has offered a seat, ‘ All the furniture which you see in this house shall be yours.’ 3. ‘ Sorrow:’ ifa man, in a heavy affliction, declares, ‘I will go into the forest. My house has been given to Brahmans to-day.’ 4. ‘Pain:’ a man distressed by a painful illness, says to a Brahman, ‘I have given thee one hundred Suvarnas. 5. ‘A bribe:’ a litigant says to an assessor of the court, ‘I will give thee one hundred Pamas if my cause is declared victorious by thee.’ 6. ‘In jest,’ what has been laughingly given. 4. ‘Under false pretences,’ as e.g. under the following circumstances:—A libidinous man is enamoured of a public woman, by the name of X(tamasigari (‘Mango Bud’). He is deprived of her (33] . K 130 NARADA. IV, 10. has been given bya man under the influence of fear, anger, hatred, sorrow or pain; or as a bribe; or in — jest; or fraudulently, under false pretences ; *10, Or bya child; or by a fool; or by a person not his own master; or by one distressed ; or by one intoxicated ; or by one insane; or in consideration of a reward, thinking ‘This man will show me some service ;’ *11, And so is invalid what was given from ignorance to an unworthy man thought to be worthy, or for a purpose (thought to be) virtuous. *12. Both the donee who covets invalid gifts and accepts them from avarice, and the donor of what ought not to be given who yet gives it away, deserve punishment.
3*12. Both the donee who covets invalid gifts and accepts them from avarice, and the donor of what ought not to be given who yet gives it away, deserve punishment. by a Thakur, and is bewailing his separation from her. Some one asks him whether he will make him a present of a ring, in case he should bring Xatamasigart before him. He promises to give the ring and offers a surety for it. Thereupon the other exhibits a Mango bud (Xfttamazigari) to him, instead of the woman KX‘ftamafgarf. 8. What was given by a child. 9. What was given by a fool. 10. What was given by a person not his own master. 11. What was given by one distressed, as e.g. if a man being carried away by a current of water exclaims, ‘I will give one hundred Suvar#as to any one who saves my life.’ 12. What was given by one inebriated. 13. What was given by one insane or possessed by a demon. 14. What was given through a hope of recompense, in expectation of some service to be performed by the donee. 15. What was given to an unworthy man, from ignorance, as e.g. to a Sfidra, whom the donor fancied to be a Brahman, because he saw him girt with the sacred thread. 16. What was given for a purpose (thought to be) virtuous, as e. g. if a devout man has made a religious endowment, and the donee employs it for gambling or libidinous purposes. A. Other jurists construe these texts somewhat differently, in order to obtain the sixteen sorts of void gifts distinguished by Narada. Manu VIII, 212. V, 6. RESUMPTION OF GIFT; SERVICE. 131 FIFTH TITLE OF LAW. BREACH OF A CONTRACT OF SERVICE. *1. If a man has promised to render service and fails to render it, it is termed Breach of a Contract of Service, a title of law. *2. The sages have distinguished five sorts of attendants according to law. Among these are four sorts of labourers ; the slaves (are the fifth category, of which there are) fifteen species, * 3. A student, an apprentice, a hired servant, and fourthly, an official; these must be regarded as labourers; slaves are those born in the house and the rest. *4. The sages have declared that the state of dependence is common to all these; but that their respective position and income depends on their particular caste and occupation. *5. Know that there are two sorts of occupations ; pure work and impure work. Impure work is that done by slaves. Pure work is that done by labourers. *6, Sweeping the gateway, the privy, the road, V, 1-4. Persons bound to obedience. A. 3. ‘A student,’ one studying divine science. ‘A pupil,’ an. apprentice. Viramitrodaya, &c. . 4. Their respective position depends on their caste, and their income depends on their occupation. A, 5-7. Unclean occupations, A. 6. The term ‘sweeping’ has to be construed with all four nouns, the gateway and the rest. ‘The privy,’ i.e. a hole or other receptacle of impure substances. ‘The place for rubbish,’ i.e. a place where the dust and other sweepings from the house are deposited. Viframitrodaya. K 2 132 NARADA. Vv, 7.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1What is left (of the property) after the expense of maintaining the family has been defrayed, IV, 1. ‘Unduly’ means in a mode opposed to law. Mit4kshar4, Viramitrodaya, Mayfkha, &c. Manu VIII, 214. 2. ‘ Valid gifts,’ literally ‘what is given.’ ‘ Invalid gifts,’ literally ‘what is not given.’ 4. For the meaning of the technical terms, Anvahita and Y4fita, see II,14. The prohibition of such gifts as would leave the family destitute appears to relate principally to charitable donations and religious endowments. 4-6. Y4gviavalkya II, 175. 6. That only may be given which is left after the cost of living has been defrayed for those whom the head of the family is bound to support. Any gift, on the other hand, which causes hardship to the family, is reprehensible, and not meritorious. A. IV, 9. RESUMPTION OF GIFT. 129 may be given, But by giving away anything besides, a householder will incur censure. 7. He who has, for three years, property sufficient to provide for those whom he is bound to maintain, or who has even more than that, shall drink the Soma juice. *8. The price paid for merchandise, wages, (a present offered) for an amusement, (a gift made) from affection, or from gratitude, or for sexual intercourse with a woman, and a respectful gift, are the seven kinds of valid gifts. * 9. Invalid gifts are the following (sixteen): what 4. This rule applies to those cases where there is more wealth than what suffices to maintain the family. A. Manu XI, 7; YVAgviavalkya I, 124; Vasishtha VIII, 10; Vishau LIX, 8. 8. Those gifts only are valid which have been made in one of the seven modes here mentioned. The sixteen other modes of gift are illegal. A. ‘A present offered for an amusement,’ i.e. what has been given to bards, eulogists, and the like persons. ‘A gift made from affection,’ to a-daughter or other relative. Viramitrodaya, &c. Instead of stribhakti, ‘sexual intercourse with a woman,’ the MSS. of Vulg. and the quotations read strisulka, ‘a nuptial gift presented to the relations of the wife.’
2‘A gift made from affection,’ to a-daughter or other relative. Viramitrodaya, &c. Instead of stribhakti, ‘sexual intercourse with a woman,’ the MSS. of Vulg. and the quotations read strisulka, ‘a nuptial gift presented to the relations of the wife.’ g-11. 1. ‘ Fear,’ as e.g. if an honest man promises one hundred drachmas to a ruffian who addresses him, while he is passing through a forest, with the words, ‘If thou givest me one hundred drachmas, thou shalt live. Otherwise, thou shalt die.’ 2. ‘ Anger, or hatred:’ if a man, actuated by jealousy, says to a Brahman, to whom his wife has offered a seat, ‘ All the furniture which you see in this house shall be yours.’ 3. ‘ Sorrow:’ ifa man, in a heavy affliction, declares, ‘I will go into the forest. My house has been given to Brahmans to-day.’ 4. ‘Pain:’ a man distressed by a painful illness, says to a Brahman, ‘I have given thee one hundred Suvarnas. 5. ‘A bribe:’ a litigant says to an assessor of the court, ‘I will give thee one hundred Pamas if my cause is declared victorious by thee.’ 6. ‘In jest,’ what has been laughingly given. 4. ‘Under false pretences,’ as e.g. under the following circumstances:—A libidinous man is enamoured of a public woman, by the name of X(tamasigari (‘Mango Bud’). He is deprived of her (33] . K 130 NARADA. IV, 10. has been given bya man under the influence of fear, anger, hatred, sorrow or pain; or as a bribe; or in — jest; or fraudulently, under false pretences ; *10, Or bya child; or by a fool; or by a person not his own master; or by one distressed ; or by one intoxicated ; or by one insane; or in consideration of a reward, thinking ‘This man will show me some service ;’ *11, And so is invalid what was given from ignorance to an unworthy man thought to be worthy, or for a purpose (thought to be) virtuous. *12. Both the donee who covets invalid gifts and accepts them from avarice, and the donor of what ought not to be given who yet gives it away, deserve punishment.
3*12. Both the donee who covets invalid gifts and accepts them from avarice, and the donor of what ought not to be given who yet gives it away, deserve punishment. by a Thakur, and is bewailing his separation from her. Some one asks him whether he will make him a present of a ring, in case he should bring Xatamasigart before him. He promises to give the ring and offers a surety for it. Thereupon the other exhibits a Mango bud (Xfttamazigari) to him, instead of the woman KX‘ftamafgarf. 8. What was given by a child. 9. What was given by a fool. 10. What was given by a person not his own master. 11. What was given by one distressed, as e.g. if a man being carried away by a current of water exclaims, ‘I will give one hundred Suvar#as to any one who saves my life.’ 12. What was given by one inebriated. 13. What was given by one insane or possessed by a demon. 14. What was given through a hope of recompense, in expectation of some service to be performed by the donee. 15. What was given to an unworthy man, from ignorance, as e.g. to a Sfidra, whom the donor fancied to be a Brahman, because he saw him girt with the sacred thread. 16. What was given for a purpose (thought to be) virtuous, as e. g. if a devout man has made a religious endowment, and the donee employs it for gambling or libidinous purposes. A. Other jurists construe these texts somewhat differently, in order to obtain the sixteen sorts of void gifts distinguished by Narada. Manu VIII, 212. V, 6. RESUMPTION OF GIFT; SERVICE. 131 FIFTH TITLE OF LAW. BREACH OF A CONTRACT OF SERVICE. *1. If a man has promised to render service and fails to render it, it is termed Breach of a Contract of Service, a title of law. *2. The sages have distinguished five sorts of attendants according to law. Among these are four sorts of labourers ; the slaves (are the fifth category, of which there are) fifteen species, * 3. A student, an apprentice, a hired servant, and fourthly, an official; these must be regarded as labourers; slaves are those born in the house and the rest. *4. The sages have declared that the state of dependence is common to all these; but that their respective position and income depends on their particular caste and occupation. *5. Know that there are two sorts of occupations ; pure work and impure work. Impure work is that done by slaves. Pure work is that done by labourers. *6, Sweeping the gateway, the privy, the road, V, 1-4. Persons bound to obedience. A. 3. ‘A student,’ one studying divine science. ‘A pupil,’ an. apprentice. Viramitrodaya, &c. . 4. Their respective position depends on their caste, and their income depends on their occupation. A, 5-7. Unclean occupations, A. 6. The term ‘sweeping’ has to be construed with all four nouns, the gateway and the rest. ‘The privy,’ i.e. a hole or other receptacle of impure substances. ‘The place for rubbish,’ i.e. a place where the dust and other sweepings from the house are deposited. Viframitrodaya. K 2 132 NARADA. Vv, 7.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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