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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
14-10. Smritik. brahmafart faret kims’id vratam shafstrimsadabdikam | artharthi Aanyavishaye dirghakalam vasen narak \ sam4- R 2 244 QUOTATIONS FROM NARADA. IV, 8. 8. If, then, the student after having completed his period of studentship (and returned from his preceptor) were to look after his property, possession (by a stranger) continued for fifty years would be capable of depriving him of his property. 9. Twelve years for (the study of) each Veda is the period ordained for those engaged in the pursuit of religious knowledge; for those engaged in the acquisition of mechanical (or manual) skill, the period (of apprenticeship) is declared to last till they have acquired their art. 10. What has been possessed against their wish by their friends or relations, and what has been possessed by persons offending against the king, is not lost by the lapse of (a long) time. V. WITNESSES. 1. (By false evidence concerning land, a witness kills everything ; beware, then, of giving false evidence concerning land.) In the case of (false evidence concerning) water, the consequence is said to be the same as for land, and so it is in the case of carnal connexion with a female, as well as (in the vritto vratt kury4t svadhand4nveshanam tatah \ pa#thisadabdiko bhogas taddhanasyApaharakas ui prativedam dvadasaibdak kAlo vidyarthinam smritah | silpavidyarthinam faiva grahandntahk prakirtitah suhrédbhir bandhubhis faisham yat syad bhuktam avasyatém | nr¢paparadhikam faiva na tat kalena hfyate i See Manu III, 1. V, 1-3. Viram. p. 171. See Narada I, 17, 209 (above, p. 92), the text immediately preceding these texts in the Viramitrodaya. 1, 3=Manu VIII, 100, 101. All these texts, up to 10, form part of the exhortation to be addressed to the witnesses by the judge. In 2, I have substituted tath4svavat, the reading of the Zodarananda, for tathapnuyat. Vv, 7. WITNESSES. 245 case of false evidence) concerning gems produced in water, and everything consisting of stone. 2. In the case of honey or clarified butter (the consequence) is the same as (when false evidence has been given) with regard to small cattle. He incurs the same guilt as in the case of a horse (by giving false evidence) regarding a vehicle. The case of silver, clothes, grain, or the Veda is equal to the case of a cow. 3. Having considered all these evil consequences attending a false declaration, (a witness) must declare openly everything as (he has) heard or seen (it). 4. Kubera, Aditya, Varuza, Sakra (Indra), the son of Vivasvant (Yama), and the (other) guardian deities of the world are constantly looking on with divine eyes. 5. Let (the judge) ask a Brahman for his testimony by saying, ‘Speak;’ a Kshatriya by saying, ‘ Speak the truth ;’ a Vaisya, by referring to his kine, grain, and gold; but a Sddra (by conjuring him) by all possible wicked deeds.
25. Let (the judge) ask a Brahman for his testimony by saying, ‘Speak;’ a Kshatriya by saying, ‘ Speak the truth ;’ a Vaisya, by referring to his kine, grain, and gold; but a Sddra (by conjuring him) by all possible wicked deeds. 6. Whatever places (of torment) are assigned (in a future state) to the murderers of Brahmans, or to the slayers of women and children, and to him who betrays a friend, or shows ingratitude, those very places shall be thy home (after death) if thou speakest falsely. 7. All meritorious deeds which thou, O good man, hast done since thy birth, would go to the dogs, if thou shouldst speak falsely. 4. Smritiz. kuberddityavarunasakravaivasvatidayak 1 pasyanti lokapalas fa nityam divyena 4akshushé 1 5-9. Vy. K. Identical with Manu VIII, 88-92. 246 QUOTATIONS FROM NARADA. V, 8. 8. Although, O virtuous man, thou thinkest of thyself, ‘I am alone,’ yet that says who sees the evil and the good ever resides in thy heart. g. If thou art not at variance with the god Yama, the son of Vivasvant, who resides in thy heart, thou needest not go to the Ganges or to (the country of) the Kurus. 10. Perjured witnesses, as well as those who rob others of their property, and wicked kings, shall have to reside (hereafter) in a very dreadful hell for the time of a kalpa. 11, When (a calamity such as) an illness, or fire, or the death of a relative, happens to a witness within seven days after his evidence has been taken, he shall be made to pay the debt and a fine. 12. Learned Brahmans and other such persons (are incompetent witnesses) under a text of law; thieves and the like persons, on account of their notorious perversity ; (the deposition of the witnesses is worthless) owing to mutual contradiction when the witnesses make mutually conflicting statements at the trial of a cause. 13. ‘One who gives evidence of his own accord’ is a witness who comes to make a deposition of his own accord, without being appointed (a witness). Such a man is termed a spy in the law-books, and he is not worthy to become a witness. 10. Smritif. ativanarake kalpam vaseyuh k(sasAkshinah \ paravittahara ye fa raganas Aapyadharmikaf nA kalpa is a fabulous period of time, the duration of which is reckoned in various ways. 11. Zod. Identical with Manu VIII, 108. 12-14. Viram. p. 151. 12, 13a, and 14 occur in the Minor Narada as well (p. 34), where they come immediately after a text which is identical with Narada I, 12, 157 (above, p. 82). VI, 4. ORDEALS. 247 14. ‘One rendered incompetent by intervening decease’ is a witness (who comes) after the death of the claimant, unless he should have been instructed - (by the claimant) on his deathbed. VI. OrbDEALS. 1. Let (the defendant) touch the heads of his sons, wife, or friends ; or else the (ordeal by) sacred libation (may be performed), whatever the nature of the charge may be.
3VI. OrbDEALS. 1. Let (the defendant) touch the heads of his sons, wife, or friends ; or else the (ordeal by) sacred libation (may be performed), whatever the nature of the charge may be. 2. It is on the claimant that the duty of declaring his readiness to take on himself the penalty (to be awarded to the losing party) devolves in every case. Or the ordeal may be performed by either party at pleasure, the other party consenting to give the penalty (to be awarded in case of defeat). 3. To persons suspected by the king, or denounced (as criminals) by (intercourse with) robbers, or intent on their own justification, an ordeal must be administered without binding (an opponent) to give the penalty. 4. (The performance of) an ordeal is ordained in VI, 1. Viram. p. 226; M. Macn. X, 1, 5 (uncertain). 2. Viram. p. 228. 3. V.T.; M. Macn. X, 1, 5a (uncertain). The Mitakshard explains the term sira/ or sirsha, which has been translated by ‘penalty’ in this paragraph and in the preceding text, as denoting the head, i.e. the fourth or principal division of a lawsuit, which involves defeat or success, and results in the awarding of a punishment or fine to the losing party. It appears more probable, however, that siras, ‘head,’ is an equivalent for ‘life,’ the accuser having to declare his readiness to risk his life, i.e. a heavy punishment, in case of defeat. 4. Smritif. kaéraze mahati proktam divyam vadarthinam nrindm | sirovartf yada na syat tadé divyam na diyate i This is apparently the 248 QUOTATIONS FROM NARADA. VI, 5. important cases, when people are engaged in a controversy; an ordeal must not be administered when there is no one ready to take the punishment on himself. : 5. Justice is based on truth, and litigation (depends) on witnesses. When a case admits of divine test, human evidence (the testimony of witnesses) or documents must not be resorted to. 6. The (ordeal by) sacred libation has been declared by the wise to be applicable to all (castes), and poison (to all castes), excepting the Brahman (caste). (Either the balance is reserved for Brahmans), or the balance may be administered to (members of) every caste. 7. The (ordeal by) sacred libation may be administered in every case. The (ordeal by) balance is admissible in every season. 8. Eunuchs, distressed or feeble persons, the severely afflicted, infants, old men, women, and the blind should be tested by the balance always. 9. (The ordeal by) poison is not destined for correct reading of the text translated above, Narada I, 19, 257 (pp. 101, 102).
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
14-10. Smritik. brahmafart faret kims’id vratam shafstrimsadabdikam | artharthi Aanyavishaye dirghakalam vasen narak \ sam4- R 2 244 QUOTATIONS FROM NARADA. IV, 8. 8. If, then, the student after having completed his period of studentship (and returned from his preceptor) were to look after his property, possession (by a stranger) continued for fifty years would be capable of depriving him of his property. 9. Twelve years for (the study of) each Veda is the period ordained for those engaged in the pursuit of religious knowledge; for those engaged in the acquisition of mechanical (or manual) skill, the period (of apprenticeship) is declared to last till they have acquired their art. 10. What has been possessed against their wish by their friends or relations, and what has been possessed by persons offending against the king, is not lost by the lapse of (a long) time. V. WITNESSES. 1. (By false evidence concerning land, a witness kills everything ; beware, then, of giving false evidence concerning land.) In the case of (false evidence concerning) water, the consequence is said to be the same as for land, and so it is in the case of carnal connexion with a female, as well as (in the vritto vratt kury4t svadhand4nveshanam tatah \ pa#thisadabdiko bhogas taddhanasyApaharakas ui prativedam dvadasaibdak kAlo vidyarthinam smritah | silpavidyarthinam faiva grahandntahk prakirtitah suhrédbhir bandhubhis faisham yat syad bhuktam avasyatém | nr¢paparadhikam faiva na tat kalena hfyate i See Manu III, 1. V, 1-3. Viram. p. 171. See Narada I, 17, 209 (above, p. 92), the text immediately preceding these texts in the Viramitrodaya. 1, 3=Manu VIII, 100, 101. All these texts, up to 10, form part of the exhortation to be addressed to the witnesses by the judge. In 2, I have substituted tath4svavat, the reading of the Zodarananda, for tathapnuyat. Vv, 7. WITNESSES. 245 case of false evidence) concerning gems produced in water, and everything consisting of stone. 2. In the case of honey or clarified butter (the consequence) is the same as (when false evidence has been given) with regard to small cattle. He incurs the same guilt as in the case of a horse (by giving false evidence) regarding a vehicle. The case of silver, clothes, grain, or the Veda is equal to the case of a cow. 3. Having considered all these evil consequences attending a false declaration, (a witness) must declare openly everything as (he has) heard or seen (it). 4. Kubera, Aditya, Varuza, Sakra (Indra), the son of Vivasvant (Yama), and the (other) guardian deities of the world are constantly looking on with divine eyes. 5. Let (the judge) ask a Brahman for his testimony by saying, ‘Speak;’ a Kshatriya by saying, ‘ Speak the truth ;’ a Vaisya, by referring to his kine, grain, and gold; but a Sddra (by conjuring him) by all possible wicked deeds.
25. Let (the judge) ask a Brahman for his testimony by saying, ‘Speak;’ a Kshatriya by saying, ‘ Speak the truth ;’ a Vaisya, by referring to his kine, grain, and gold; but a Sddra (by conjuring him) by all possible wicked deeds. 6. Whatever places (of torment) are assigned (in a future state) to the murderers of Brahmans, or to the slayers of women and children, and to him who betrays a friend, or shows ingratitude, those very places shall be thy home (after death) if thou speakest falsely. 7. All meritorious deeds which thou, O good man, hast done since thy birth, would go to the dogs, if thou shouldst speak falsely. 4. Smritiz. kuberddityavarunasakravaivasvatidayak 1 pasyanti lokapalas fa nityam divyena 4akshushé 1 5-9. Vy. K. Identical with Manu VIII, 88-92. 246 QUOTATIONS FROM NARADA. V, 8. 8. Although, O virtuous man, thou thinkest of thyself, ‘I am alone,’ yet that says who sees the evil and the good ever resides in thy heart. g. If thou art not at variance with the god Yama, the son of Vivasvant, who resides in thy heart, thou needest not go to the Ganges or to (the country of) the Kurus. 10. Perjured witnesses, as well as those who rob others of their property, and wicked kings, shall have to reside (hereafter) in a very dreadful hell for the time of a kalpa. 11, When (a calamity such as) an illness, or fire, or the death of a relative, happens to a witness within seven days after his evidence has been taken, he shall be made to pay the debt and a fine. 12. Learned Brahmans and other such persons (are incompetent witnesses) under a text of law; thieves and the like persons, on account of their notorious perversity ; (the deposition of the witnesses is worthless) owing to mutual contradiction when the witnesses make mutually conflicting statements at the trial of a cause. 13. ‘One who gives evidence of his own accord’ is a witness who comes to make a deposition of his own accord, without being appointed (a witness). Such a man is termed a spy in the law-books, and he is not worthy to become a witness. 10. Smritif. ativanarake kalpam vaseyuh k(sasAkshinah \ paravittahara ye fa raganas Aapyadharmikaf nA kalpa is a fabulous period of time, the duration of which is reckoned in various ways. 11. Zod. Identical with Manu VIII, 108. 12-14. Viram. p. 151. 12, 13a, and 14 occur in the Minor Narada as well (p. 34), where they come immediately after a text which is identical with Narada I, 12, 157 (above, p. 82). VI, 4. ORDEALS. 247 14. ‘One rendered incompetent by intervening decease’ is a witness (who comes) after the death of the claimant, unless he should have been instructed - (by the claimant) on his deathbed. VI. OrbDEALS. 1. Let (the defendant) touch the heads of his sons, wife, or friends ; or else the (ordeal by) sacred libation (may be performed), whatever the nature of the charge may be.
3VI. OrbDEALS. 1. Let (the defendant) touch the heads of his sons, wife, or friends ; or else the (ordeal by) sacred libation (may be performed), whatever the nature of the charge may be. 2. It is on the claimant that the duty of declaring his readiness to take on himself the penalty (to be awarded to the losing party) devolves in every case. Or the ordeal may be performed by either party at pleasure, the other party consenting to give the penalty (to be awarded in case of defeat). 3. To persons suspected by the king, or denounced (as criminals) by (intercourse with) robbers, or intent on their own justification, an ordeal must be administered without binding (an opponent) to give the penalty. 4. (The performance of) an ordeal is ordained in VI, 1. Viram. p. 226; M. Macn. X, 1, 5 (uncertain). 2. Viram. p. 228. 3. V.T.; M. Macn. X, 1, 5a (uncertain). The Mitakshard explains the term sira/ or sirsha, which has been translated by ‘penalty’ in this paragraph and in the preceding text, as denoting the head, i.e. the fourth or principal division of a lawsuit, which involves defeat or success, and results in the awarding of a punishment or fine to the losing party. It appears more probable, however, that siras, ‘head,’ is an equivalent for ‘life,’ the accuser having to declare his readiness to risk his life, i.e. a heavy punishment, in case of defeat. 4. Smritif. kaéraze mahati proktam divyam vadarthinam nrindm | sirovartf yada na syat tadé divyam na diyate i This is apparently the 248 QUOTATIONS FROM NARADA. VI, 5. important cases, when people are engaged in a controversy; an ordeal must not be administered when there is no one ready to take the punishment on himself. : 5. Justice is based on truth, and litigation (depends) on witnesses. When a case admits of divine test, human evidence (the testimony of witnesses) or documents must not be resorted to. 6. The (ordeal by) sacred libation has been declared by the wise to be applicable to all (castes), and poison (to all castes), excepting the Brahman (caste). (Either the balance is reserved for Brahmans), or the balance may be administered to (members of) every caste. 7. The (ordeal by) sacred libation may be administered in every case. The (ordeal by) balance is admissible in every season. 8. Eunuchs, distressed or feeble persons, the severely afflicted, infants, old men, women, and the blind should be tested by the balance always. 9. (The ordeal by) poison is not destined for correct reading of the text translated above, Narada I, 19, 257 (pp. 101, 102).
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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