Pahlavi Texts, Part III — SBE Vol. 24 (trans. E. W. West, 1885)
The translator’s English as printed (E. W. West). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
What Afharmasd desires from men, and what Aharman does; and what is the end in the worldly and spiritual existences . . .
The mightiest man, most dreadful road, most perplexing account, pleasantest tie, most regretable work, and most unprofitable gift . . . : :
The three kinds of man
The spiritual armour and weapons “requisite for attaining to heaven and escaping from hell . . .
The arrangement of the sky and earth, flow of the water, and resting-place of the clouds; where the winter demon is most predominant, and the most undisturbed country . . . . .
How Aharman deceives, whence i is “his pleasure, where he has a foundation, whom he haunts, and whence is his food , . . . ' ’
Aharman considers no injury complete, unless he seizes the soul . ‘ : . : ’ :
What is better than ‘all wealth, predominant over everything, and from which no one can escape . .
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CONTENTS.
X CHAP, > , AGE 48. The dwelling of the understanding, intellect, seed, and wisdom in the body . : . ‘ . 89 49. The duties.and motions of the stars, “Tistar, Vanand, Hapték-ring, ‘the twelve signs of the zodiac, and the rest, the sun and the moon . - go go. The opulent person who is fortunate, and the reverse 93 51. Why a bad man sometimes succeeds, and a good one fails 93 §2. How the ceremonies and religion should be considered, and what is requisite for the renunciation of sin}. 94 53. How the homage and glorifying of the sacred beings are to be performed . . 95. 54. Why an ignorant man will not learn 96 55. Why an ill-natured man is no friend of the good, n nor an untalented man of the talented . 97 56. The uses of mountains andrivers. . . 98 57. The many advantages and uses of wisdom, - 98 58. Though an ignorant king is esteemed by man, a wise poor "man is more esteemed by the angels . 105 59. The vices of the four classes—priests, warriors, husbandmen, and artizans . . 105 60. The man most conversant with good and evil 106 61. The chiefs of men, women, horses, flying creatures, oxen, wild animals, and grains . . 107 62. Regarding Kangdez, the enclosure formed by Yim, the body of Sahm, the abode of Srésh, the three-legged ass, the Hém tree, Gépaitéshah, the Kar Ash, the griffon bird, and Xinadmrés . . . 108 63. The best good work, which requires no trouble 113 SIKAND-GOMANIK VieAR . «wl, 11g 1. Introducing the subject and the author . . 117 2. Why Aharman advanced towards the light though of a a _ different nature 122 3. Why Adharmazd did not use his omnipotence to repel Aharman .- 124 4. How the stars came to be distributors ‘both of the good produced by Aftharmaszd, and of the evil produced by Aharman . . . . . 127 5. Proof of the existence of a creator derived from the evident design in the creation . 139
CONTENTS.
xi
“6.
7
8.
9.
10.
If,
53.
14.
15.
16.
ow ATP WH
°
10.
Ii.
Te.
Further proofs of a similar description .
Proof of the existence of an injurer from the provision made against him . .
Proof of the existence of a creator derived from the evident design in the creation . 139
CONTENTS.
xi
“6.
7
8.
9.
10.
If,
53.
14.
15.
16.
ow ATP WH
°
10.
Ii.
Te.
Further proofs of a similar description .
Proof of the existence of an injurer from the provision made against him . .
Proofs of the same from the existence of evil .
Proof of the existence of the opponent before the creation, and of his appearance afterwards. .
Those who believe in the unity of creation, also believe i in a corrupting influence which is really another being .
The inconsistency of those who trace both good and evil to a sacred being whose attributes are incompatible with the latter; with references to various scriptures .
Other inconsistencies in the assertions of various sects regarding the sacred being .
Criticism of the Jewish account of the creation of the universe and the fall-of man, as given in the Old Testament
Other statements of the Old Testament and Jewish tradition, regarding the sacred being, that are inconsistent with his attributes.
Criticism of many statements of the Christian scriptures, showing their inconsistency, and that some of them also admit the existence of a separate originator of evil . Criticism of some of the doctrines of the Manichaeans .
Sap Dar
Introduction
. Necessity of unwavering faith i in the religion .
. Sin not to be committed .
. Advantage of perseverance in industry .
- No one should despair of the mercy of H6rmazd . . Advantage of Navaziid and Géti-kharid
The six indispensable good works
. Why. we should recite certain formulas after sneezing . Why high-priests must be obeyed . .
The sin of unnatural intercourse to be punished, by any one, by death on the spot .
Reasons for wearing the sacred thread-girdle and tying it with four knots . .
Why a household fire should be properly maintained
Why the clothing of a corpse should be scanty and old, . though many people must follow the bier.
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CONTENTS.
CHAP.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18,
19.
20.
21,
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
24,
28,
29.
30.
31.
32.
33-
34.
35+
36.
37.
38.
39:
40.
41.
42,
43.
44.
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xii
CONTENTS.
CHAP.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18,
19.
20.
21,
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
24,
28,
29.
30.
31.
32.
33-
34.
35+
36.
37.
38.
39:
40.
41.
42,
43.
44.
Why ceremonies in honour of the souls of the departed should be properly celebrated . . Lo How nail-parings should be treated, and why . How we should salute anything agreeable, and why A pregnant woman and new-born infant require the protection ofa fire or burning lamp, with other precautions Why a toothpick must be cut free from bark ‘ People should marry early, to benefit by children’s good works; anda childless man must have an adopted son Advantage of attending to agriculture . oo. . Advantage of feeding the worthy . . . How grace must be said before and after eating, and why Advantage of performing Gadangét . ‘ Tethered animals must be restrained . . . Why and how Hém-juice must be given to anew-born child Why promises must not be broken. ‘ . Every man of fifteen years must select a patron spirit and a priestly guide whom he must obey . When it is doubtful whether an action be right or wrong a high-priest must be consulted ‘ Why the Avesta must be properly learnt and remembered Why liberality must extend only to the worthy . . Water must not be poured away, or drunk, in the dark . Dogs must be fed and well-treated . ‘ . Why a hen or cock must not be killed for crowing
Why search must be made where a corpse + is supposed ° to be buried . : . : Animals must not be often killed, ‘and some never; also certain parts should be consecrated . . Prayers to be used when washing the face . . . Necessity of the Bareshnfim for both men and women . Why the ten days of the guardian spirits must be celebrated We must not drink from the same cup as those of a different religion, until it is purified . . . The sacred fire and its attendant must be properly maintained (see Chap. 92) . . : . . Parents and priests must be obeyed and not vexed The care and prayers necessary for menstruous women . Why slander and seduction, sins producing accusers, are specially injurious. ‘ : . . Noxious creatures must be killed, especially five kinds . Walking barefoot is a sin, and why. : .
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p. 294
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p. 300
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395
306
p. 307
CONTENTS.
xiii
CHAP.
45-
46,
47.
48.
49.
50.
5I.
52.
53+
54.
How repentance must be accomplished for every sin.
The proper age for tying on the sacred thread-girdle
Ceremonies must be celebrated after the death of a child of seven, to liberate its soul from those of its parents.
A cooking-pot must not be more than two-thirds full, for fear of boiling over . . . :
A fire must be cold before the ashes are removed .
How the morning ablutions must be performed
Why it is necessary to send a child to school
What Afharmasd desires from men, and what Aharman does; and what is the end in the worldly and spiritual existences . . .
The mightiest man, most dreadful road, most perplexing account, pleasantest tie, most regretable work, and most unprofitable gift . . . : :
The three kinds of man
The spiritual armour and weapons “requisite for attaining to heaven and escaping from hell . . .
The arrangement of the sky and earth, flow of the water, and resting-place of the clouds; where the winter demon is most predominant, and the most undisturbed country . . . . .
How Aharman deceives, whence i is “his pleasure, where he has a foundation, whom he haunts, and whence is his food , . . . ' ’
Aharman considers no injury complete, unless he seizes the soul . ‘ : . : ’ :
What is better than ‘all wealth, predominant over everything, and from which no one can escape . .
PAGE
p. 68
69
yo
jo
71
73
p. 75
p. 46
p. 79
81
82
p. 83
p. 84
87
88
p. 89
CONTENTS.
X CHAP, > , AGE 48. The dwelling of the understanding, intellect, seed, and wisdom in the body . : . ‘ . 89 49. The duties.and motions of the stars, “Tistar, Vanand, Hapték-ring, ‘the twelve signs of the zodiac, and the rest, the sun and the moon . - go go. The opulent person who is fortunate, and the reverse 93 51. Why a bad man sometimes succeeds, and a good one fails 93 §2. How the ceremonies and religion should be considered, and what is requisite for the renunciation of sin}. 94 53. How the homage and glorifying of the sacred beings are to be performed . . 95. 54. Why an ignorant man will not learn 96 55. Why an ill-natured man is no friend of the good, n nor an untalented man of the talented . 97 56. The uses of mountains andrivers. . . 98 57. The many advantages and uses of wisdom, - 98 58. Though an ignorant king is esteemed by man, a wise poor "man is more esteemed by the angels . 105 59. The vices of the four classes—priests, warriors, husbandmen, and artizans . . 105 60. The man most conversant with good and evil 106 61. The chiefs of men, women, horses, flying creatures, oxen, wild animals, and grains . . 107 62. Regarding Kangdez, the enclosure formed by Yim, the body of Sahm, the abode of Srésh, the three-legged ass, the Hém tree, Gépaitéshah, the Kar Ash, the griffon bird, and Xinadmrés . . . 108 63. The best good work, which requires no trouble 113 SIKAND-GOMANIK VieAR . «wl, 11g 1. Introducing the subject and the author . . 117 2. Why Aharman advanced towards the light though of a a _ different nature 122 3. Why Adharmazd did not use his omnipotence to repel Aharman .- 124 4. How the stars came to be distributors ‘both of the good produced by Aftharmaszd, and of the evil produced by Aharman . . . . . 127 5. Proof of the existence of a creator derived from the evident design in the creation . 139
CONTENTS.
xi
“6.
7
8.
9.
10.
If,
53.
14.
15.
16.
ow ATP WH
°
10.
Ii.
Te.
Further proofs of a similar description .
Proof of the existence of an injurer from the provision made against him . .
Proof of the existence of a creator derived from the evident design in the creation . 139
CONTENTS.
xi
“6.
7
8.
9.
10.
If,
53.
14.
15.
16.
ow ATP WH
°
10.
Ii.
Te.
Further proofs of a similar description .
Proof of the existence of an injurer from the provision made against him . .
Proofs of the same from the existence of evil .
Proof of the existence of the opponent before the creation, and of his appearance afterwards. .
Those who believe in the unity of creation, also believe i in a corrupting influence which is really another being .
The inconsistency of those who trace both good and evil to a sacred being whose attributes are incompatible with the latter; with references to various scriptures .
Other inconsistencies in the assertions of various sects regarding the sacred being .
Criticism of the Jewish account of the creation of the universe and the fall-of man, as given in the Old Testament
Other statements of the Old Testament and Jewish tradition, regarding the sacred being, that are inconsistent with his attributes.
Criticism of many statements of the Christian scriptures, showing their inconsistency, and that some of them also admit the existence of a separate originator of evil . Criticism of some of the doctrines of the Manichaeans .
Sap Dar
Introduction
. Necessity of unwavering faith i in the religion .
. Sin not to be committed .
. Advantage of perseverance in industry .
- No one should despair of the mercy of H6rmazd . . Advantage of Navaziid and Géti-kharid
The six indispensable good works
. Why. we should recite certain formulas after sneezing . Why high-priests must be obeyed . .
The sin of unnatural intercourse to be punished, by any one, by death on the spot .
Reasons for wearing the sacred thread-girdle and tying it with four knots . .
Why a household fire should be properly maintained
Why the clothing of a corpse should be scanty and old, . though many people must follow the bier.
p. 146
150
152
162
p. 166
p. 173
p. 202
p. 208
p. 221
229
243
p. 253
255
257
258
259
260
262
264
265
266
p. 267
268
270
p. 242
xii
CONTENTS.
CHAP.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18,
19.
20.
21,
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
24,
28,
29.
30.
31.
32.
33-
34.
35+
36.
37.
38.
39:
40.
41.
42,
43.
44.
p. 146
150
152
162
p. 166
p. 173
p. 202
p. 208
p. 221
229
243
p. 253
255
257
258
259
260
262
264
265
266
p. 267
268
270
p. 242
xii
CONTENTS.
CHAP.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18,
19.
20.
21,
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
24,
28,
29.
30.
31.
32.
33-
34.
35+
36.
37.
38.
39:
40.
41.
42,
43.
44.
Why ceremonies in honour of the souls of the departed should be properly celebrated . . Lo How nail-parings should be treated, and why . How we should salute anything agreeable, and why A pregnant woman and new-born infant require the protection ofa fire or burning lamp, with other precautions Why a toothpick must be cut free from bark ‘ People should marry early, to benefit by children’s good works; anda childless man must have an adopted son Advantage of attending to agriculture . oo. . Advantage of feeding the worthy . . . How grace must be said before and after eating, and why Advantage of performing Gadangét . ‘ Tethered animals must be restrained . . . Why and how Hém-juice must be given to anew-born child Why promises must not be broken. ‘ . Every man of fifteen years must select a patron spirit and a priestly guide whom he must obey . When it is doubtful whether an action be right or wrong a high-priest must be consulted ‘ Why the Avesta must be properly learnt and remembered Why liberality must extend only to the worthy . . Water must not be poured away, or drunk, in the dark . Dogs must be fed and well-treated . ‘ . Why a hen or cock must not be killed for crowing
Why search must be made where a corpse + is supposed ° to be buried . : . : Animals must not be often killed, ‘and some never; also certain parts should be consecrated . . Prayers to be used when washing the face . . . Necessity of the Bareshnfim for both men and women . Why the ten days of the guardian spirits must be celebrated We must not drink from the same cup as those of a different religion, until it is purified . . . The sacred fire and its attendant must be properly maintained (see Chap. 92) . . : . . Parents and priests must be obeyed and not vexed The care and prayers necessary for menstruous women . Why slander and seduction, sins producing accusers, are specially injurious. ‘ : . . Noxious creatures must be killed, especially five kinds . Walking barefoot is a sin, and why. : .
PAGE
273
275
276
277
278
278
281
282
282
285
286
286
284
p. 288
290
290
291
292
292
293
p. 294
295
296
296
298
p. 300
301
301
302
395
306
p. 307
CONTENTS.
xiii
CHAP.
45-
46,
47.
48.
49.
50.
5I.
52.
53+
54.
How repentance must be accomplished for every sin.
The proper age for tying on the sacred thread-girdle
Ceremonies must be celebrated after the death of a child of seven, to liberate its soul from those of its parents.
A cooking-pot must not be more than two-thirds full, for fear of boiling over . . . :
A fire must be cold before the ashes are removed .
How the morning ablutions must be performed
Why it is necessary to send a child to school
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