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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1. ‘And of the poor he is the richer who is content with that which has come, (7) and cares not for the increase of anything.’ CuarteR XXVI. 1. The sage asked the spirit of wisdom (2) thus: ‘Is a blind eye worse, or a blind mind (dil)? 3. Is the ill-informed worse, or the bad-tempered ?’ 4. The spirit of wisdom answered (5) thus: ‘ He who is blind-eyed, when he has understanding in anything, azd accomplishes learning, is to be considered as sound-eyed. 6. Amd he who is soundeyed, when he has no knowledge and understanding}, and even that which they teach him he does not accept, then that is worse than even a blind eye. 7. ‘The ill-tempered is less evil? than the illinformed ; (8) because the ill-tempered, except by a decree, is not able to seize anything away from any one; (9) and as ¢éo the ill-informed man, his desire of every kind is then® for oppression and plunder. 10. Concerning him who is ill-informed z¢ is declared that, apart from predestination, he is born /vee from fresh understanding‘ * Lrg has ‘ when he has no knowledge of anything.’ *. Lrg has ‘is better.’ ’ That is, when he has a decree in his favour. “§10 is found only in TD2. It probably means that an illinformed man is not likely to acquire any knowledge beyond that which is unavoidable. CHAPTER XXV, 3-XXVII, 12. 57 CHAPTER XXVII. 1. The sage asked the spirit of wisdom (2) thus: ‘Wherefore have the people who weve from Gayémard!, and those, too, who were lords and monarchs, from Héshang 2, the Pésd4d, even unto Vistasp *, the king of kings, been such doers of ther own wills? 3. Much benefit was also obtained by them from the sacred beings, (4) azd they have been mostly those who were ungrateful unto the sacred beings, (5) and there are some even who have been very ungrateful, promise-breaking, avd sinful. 6. For what benefit then have they deen severally created, (7) and what result and advantage proceeded from them ?’ 8. The spirit of wisdom answered (9) thus: ‘ That which thou askest concerning them, as ¢o benefit, or as to the reverse‘, thou shouldst become aware of and fully understand. 10. Because the affairs of the world of every kind proceed through destiny and time and the supreme decree of the self-existent eternity (zérv4n), the king and long-continuing lord. 11. Since, at various periods, it happens unto every one, for whom it is allotted, just as that which is necessary.to happen. 12. As even from the mutual connection of those ancients, who are passed 1 Av, Gaya-maretan, the primeval man from whom the whole human race is supposed to have sprung, and who lived for thirty . years after the advent of the evil spirit (see Bd. III, 22, XXXIV, 2). ? Av. Haoshyangha, the first monarch of the Iranian world, and founder of the Pésdéd (Av. paradh4ta, ‘early law’) dynasty. He was the great-grandson of Mashya, the first earthly man that sprang from Gayémard, and is said to have reigned for forty years (see Bd. XV, 21-28, XXXI, 1, XXXIV, 4).
2? Av. Haoshyangha, the first monarch of the Iranian world, and founder of the Pésdéd (Av. paradh4ta, ‘early law’) dynasty. He was the great-grandson of Mashya, the first earthly man that sprang from Gayémard, and is said to have reigned for forty years (see Bd. XV, 21-28, XXXI, 1, XXXIV, 4). 5 See Chap. XIII, 14 n. * Lrg has ‘evil.’ 58 pinA-? Matnéc-i KHIRAD. away, it is manifest (13) that, ultimately, that benefit arose which was necessary to come from them to the creatures of Aftharmazd. 14. ‘Because the advantage from Gayémard was this, (15) first, the slaying of Arztr?, and making delivery of his own body, with great judiciousness, to Aharman*% 16. Azd the second advantage was this, (17) that mankind and all the guardian spirits of the producers of the renovation of the universe, males * and females‘, were produced from his body. 18, And, thirdly, this®, that even the metals were produced axzd formed® from his body’. 19. ‘And the advantage from Héshang, the Pésdad, was this, (20) that, of three parts, he slew two parts of the demons of Mazendar*, who were destroyers of the world. 21. ‘The advantage from Takhmorup °, the well- 1 Written Afrzfr in TDz. It has been suggested by Windischmann (Zor. Stud. p. 5) that this was the name of a demon, afterwards applied to the Aresfir ridge at the gate of hell (see Bd. XII, 8), but this requires confirmation. Regarding this ridge the following explanation occurs in the Pahlavi Rivayat which precedes Dd. in many MSS. :—‘ They say that hell is the ridge (pfistd) of Arekzir; and hell is not the ridge of Arekzfir, but that place where the gate of hell exzsés is a ridge (grivak6) such as the ridge named Arekzfir, and owing to that they assert that ¢f cs the ridge (piistd) of Arekzfir.’ The explainer appears to mean that the ridge at the gate of hell was named after the other Mount Arezfir, in Arfim (see Bd. XII, 16). 2 Compare Bd. III, 21-23. 8 Lrg has ‘righteous males.’ * Fifteen of each, as stated in Bd. XXX, 17. 5 Lrg has ‘this advantage.’ * Lig omits the former verb. 7 See Zs. X, 2, Dd. LXIV, 7. ® See Dd. LXV, 5, referring probably to the demon-worshippers of M4zendar4n, south of the Caspian. ® Av. Takhm6-urupa, the Tahmfras of the Shahnamah; he CHAPTER XXVII, 13-28. 59 grown, was this, (22) that the accursed evil one, the wicked, was kept by him thirty years as a charger}. 23. And the writing of penmanship of seven kinds, which that wicked ome kept in concealment, he brought out to publicity. 24. ‘The advantage from the well-flocked Yimshéd?, son of Vivangha, was this, (25)-that an immortality of six hundred years, six months, and sixteen days® is provided by him for the creatures and creation, of every kind, of the creator Adharmazd; (26) and they are made unsuffering, undecaying, azd undisturbed‘. (27) Secondly, this‘, that the enclosure formed by Yim* was made by him ; (28) avd when that rain of Malkés? occurs— since z¢ is declared in revelation that mankind and
3(27) Secondly, this‘, that the enclosure formed by Yim* was made by him ; (28) avd when that rain of Malkés? occurs— since z¢ is declared in revelation that mankind and is said to have been a great-grandson of Héshang, whom he succeeded on the throne, and to have reigned thirty years (see Bd. XXXI, 2, XXXIV, 4). Written Takhméridd in TD2. * See Ram Yt. 12, Zamyéd Yt. 29. * Av. Yima khshaéta, ‘Yim the spendid;’ he was a brother of his predecessor, Takhmorup, and the Bundahis states that he reigned six hundred and sixteen years and six months in glory, and one hundred years in concealment (see Chap. VIII, 27, Bd. XXXI, 3, XXXIV, 4). S TDz has only ‘ three hundred years,’ by the accidental omission of a cipher ; it also omits the months and days. * See Vend. II, 16, Ram Yt. 16, Zamy4d Yt. 33. 5 Lig has ‘this advantage.’ ® See Chap. LXII, 15-19. The formation of this enclosure is ordered by Aftharmasd in Vend. II, 61-92, for the preservation of mankind, animals, and plants from the effects of a glacial epoch which he foretells, and which is here represented as the rain of Malkés. 7 This term for ‘ deluging rain’ may be traced either to Chald. wpbo ‘autumnal rain,’ or to Av. mahrkfis6, the title of a demon regarding whom nothing is yet known (see Dd. XXXVII, 94 n and SBE, vol. xviii, p. 479). 60 DINA-? MAtN6G-f KHIRAD. the other creatures and creations of Athaymazd, the lord, are mostly those which shall perish '—(29) one shall afterwards open the gate of that enclosure formed by Yim, (30) ad the people and cattle, and other creatures and creations of the creator Adhavmazd, shall come out from that enclosure, (31) and arrange the world again. 32. Thirdly, (33) when? he brought back the proportion of the worldly existences, which that evil-producing wicked one® had swallowed, from his belly‘. Fourthly, when a goat (géspend) was not given by him to the demons in the character of an old man >. 34. ‘And the advantage from Az-t Dahdk, the 1 Lig has merely ‘shall mostly perish,’ in place of these last six words. 2 Lrg has ‘thirdly, this advantage, that.’ 5 Lig adds ‘ who is Aharman.’
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1. ‘And of the poor he is the richer who is content with that which has come, (7) and cares not for the increase of anything.’ CuarteR XXVI. 1. The sage asked the spirit of wisdom (2) thus: ‘Is a blind eye worse, or a blind mind (dil)? 3. Is the ill-informed worse, or the bad-tempered ?’ 4. The spirit of wisdom answered (5) thus: ‘ He who is blind-eyed, when he has understanding in anything, azd accomplishes learning, is to be considered as sound-eyed. 6. Amd he who is soundeyed, when he has no knowledge and understanding}, and even that which they teach him he does not accept, then that is worse than even a blind eye. 7. ‘The ill-tempered is less evil? than the illinformed ; (8) because the ill-tempered, except by a decree, is not able to seize anything away from any one; (9) and as ¢éo the ill-informed man, his desire of every kind is then® for oppression and plunder. 10. Concerning him who is ill-informed z¢ is declared that, apart from predestination, he is born /vee from fresh understanding‘ * Lrg has ‘ when he has no knowledge of anything.’ *. Lrg has ‘is better.’ ’ That is, when he has a decree in his favour. “§10 is found only in TD2. It probably means that an illinformed man is not likely to acquire any knowledge beyond that which is unavoidable. CHAPTER XXV, 3-XXVII, 12. 57 CHAPTER XXVII. 1. The sage asked the spirit of wisdom (2) thus: ‘Wherefore have the people who weve from Gayémard!, and those, too, who were lords and monarchs, from Héshang 2, the Pésd4d, even unto Vistasp *, the king of kings, been such doers of ther own wills? 3. Much benefit was also obtained by them from the sacred beings, (4) azd they have been mostly those who were ungrateful unto the sacred beings, (5) and there are some even who have been very ungrateful, promise-breaking, avd sinful. 6. For what benefit then have they deen severally created, (7) and what result and advantage proceeded from them ?’ 8. The spirit of wisdom answered (9) thus: ‘ That which thou askest concerning them, as ¢o benefit, or as to the reverse‘, thou shouldst become aware of and fully understand. 10. Because the affairs of the world of every kind proceed through destiny and time and the supreme decree of the self-existent eternity (zérv4n), the king and long-continuing lord. 11. Since, at various periods, it happens unto every one, for whom it is allotted, just as that which is necessary.to happen. 12. As even from the mutual connection of those ancients, who are passed 1 Av, Gaya-maretan, the primeval man from whom the whole human race is supposed to have sprung, and who lived for thirty . years after the advent of the evil spirit (see Bd. III, 22, XXXIV, 2). ? Av. Haoshyangha, the first monarch of the Iranian world, and founder of the Pésdéd (Av. paradh4ta, ‘early law’) dynasty. He was the great-grandson of Mashya, the first earthly man that sprang from Gayémard, and is said to have reigned for forty years (see Bd. XV, 21-28, XXXI, 1, XXXIV, 4).
2? Av. Haoshyangha, the first monarch of the Iranian world, and founder of the Pésdéd (Av. paradh4ta, ‘early law’) dynasty. He was the great-grandson of Mashya, the first earthly man that sprang from Gayémard, and is said to have reigned for forty years (see Bd. XV, 21-28, XXXI, 1, XXXIV, 4). 5 See Chap. XIII, 14 n. * Lrg has ‘evil.’ 58 pinA-? Matnéc-i KHIRAD. away, it is manifest (13) that, ultimately, that benefit arose which was necessary to come from them to the creatures of Aftharmazd. 14. ‘Because the advantage from Gayémard was this, (15) first, the slaying of Arztr?, and making delivery of his own body, with great judiciousness, to Aharman*% 16. Azd the second advantage was this, (17) that mankind and all the guardian spirits of the producers of the renovation of the universe, males * and females‘, were produced from his body. 18, And, thirdly, this®, that even the metals were produced axzd formed® from his body’. 19. ‘And the advantage from Héshang, the Pésdad, was this, (20) that, of three parts, he slew two parts of the demons of Mazendar*, who were destroyers of the world. 21. ‘The advantage from Takhmorup °, the well- 1 Written Afrzfr in TDz. It has been suggested by Windischmann (Zor. Stud. p. 5) that this was the name of a demon, afterwards applied to the Aresfir ridge at the gate of hell (see Bd. XII, 8), but this requires confirmation. Regarding this ridge the following explanation occurs in the Pahlavi Rivayat which precedes Dd. in many MSS. :—‘ They say that hell is the ridge (pfistd) of Arekzir; and hell is not the ridge of Arekzfir, but that place where the gate of hell exzsés is a ridge (grivak6) such as the ridge named Arekzfir, and owing to that they assert that ¢f cs the ridge (piistd) of Arekzfir.’ The explainer appears to mean that the ridge at the gate of hell was named after the other Mount Arezfir, in Arfim (see Bd. XII, 16). 2 Compare Bd. III, 21-23. 8 Lrg has ‘righteous males.’ * Fifteen of each, as stated in Bd. XXX, 17. 5 Lrg has ‘this advantage.’ * Lig omits the former verb. 7 See Zs. X, 2, Dd. LXIV, 7. ® See Dd. LXV, 5, referring probably to the demon-worshippers of M4zendar4n, south of the Caspian. ® Av. Takhm6-urupa, the Tahmfras of the Shahnamah; he CHAPTER XXVII, 13-28. 59 grown, was this, (22) that the accursed evil one, the wicked, was kept by him thirty years as a charger}. 23. And the writing of penmanship of seven kinds, which that wicked ome kept in concealment, he brought out to publicity. 24. ‘The advantage from the well-flocked Yimshéd?, son of Vivangha, was this, (25)-that an immortality of six hundred years, six months, and sixteen days® is provided by him for the creatures and creation, of every kind, of the creator Adharmazd; (26) and they are made unsuffering, undecaying, azd undisturbed‘. (27) Secondly, this‘, that the enclosure formed by Yim* was made by him ; (28) avd when that rain of Malkés? occurs— since z¢ is declared in revelation that mankind and
3(27) Secondly, this‘, that the enclosure formed by Yim* was made by him ; (28) avd when that rain of Malkés? occurs— since z¢ is declared in revelation that mankind and is said to have been a great-grandson of Héshang, whom he succeeded on the throne, and to have reigned thirty years (see Bd. XXXI, 2, XXXIV, 4). Written Takhméridd in TD2. * See Ram Yt. 12, Zamyéd Yt. 29. * Av. Yima khshaéta, ‘Yim the spendid;’ he was a brother of his predecessor, Takhmorup, and the Bundahis states that he reigned six hundred and sixteen years and six months in glory, and one hundred years in concealment (see Chap. VIII, 27, Bd. XXXI, 3, XXXIV, 4). S TDz has only ‘ three hundred years,’ by the accidental omission of a cipher ; it also omits the months and days. * See Vend. II, 16, Ram Yt. 16, Zamy4d Yt. 33. 5 Lig has ‘this advantage.’ ® See Chap. LXII, 15-19. The formation of this enclosure is ordered by Aftharmasd in Vend. II, 61-92, for the preservation of mankind, animals, and plants from the effects of a glacial epoch which he foretells, and which is here represented as the rain of Malkés. 7 This term for ‘ deluging rain’ may be traced either to Chald. wpbo ‘autumnal rain,’ or to Av. mahrkfis6, the title of a demon regarding whom nothing is yet known (see Dd. XXXVII, 94 n and SBE, vol. xviii, p. 479). 60 DINA-? MAtN6G-f KHIRAD. the other creatures and creations of Athaymazd, the lord, are mostly those which shall perish '—(29) one shall afterwards open the gate of that enclosure formed by Yim, (30) ad the people and cattle, and other creatures and creations of the creator Adhavmazd, shall come out from that enclosure, (31) and arrange the world again. 32. Thirdly, (33) when? he brought back the proportion of the worldly existences, which that evil-producing wicked one® had swallowed, from his belly‘. Fourthly, when a goat (géspend) was not given by him to the demons in the character of an old man >. 34. ‘And the advantage from Az-t Dahdk, the 1 Lig has merely ‘shall mostly perish,’ in place of these last six words. 2 Lrg has ‘thirdly, this advantage, that.’ 5 Lig adds ‘ who is Aharman.’
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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