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1B. Spirit in self-estrangement : The discipline of culture and civilisation . . . 486-605 I. The world of spirit in self-estrangement . 493-545 a. Culture and its sphere of reality . 494-533 [(1) Culture as the estrangement of natural existence, (rt) Goodness and badness : state-power and wealth. (6) The cleavage of self-consciousness : nobility [and baseness, (c) Service and advice. (2) Language as the actuality ^of culture. (a) Flattery. (&) The language of distraction, (c) The vanity of culture.] h. Belief and pure Insight . . . 534-545 [(1) The idea of belief. (2) The object of belief. (3) The rationality of pure insight.] II. Enlightenment .... 546-591 a. The struggle of enlightenment with superstition .... 549-581 [(1) The negative attitude of insight towards belief. (2) The doctrine of enlightenment. (3) The rights of enlightenment.] h. The truth of enlightenment . . 582-591 [(1) Pure thought and pure matter. (2) The sphere of utility. (3) Self -certainty.] Ill, Absolute freedom and terror . . 592-605 [The awakening of free subjectivity.] C. Spirit certain of itself : Morality . . 606-682 a The moral view of the world . . . 610-623
2Contents vii PAGE [(1) The postulated harmony of duty and reality. (2) The ;divine lawgiver and the imperfect moral consciousness. (3) The moral world as a presented idea.] h. Dissemblance ..... 625-639 [(1) The contradictions in the moral view of the world. (2) The resolution of morality into its opposite. (3) The truth of moral self-consciousness]. c. Conscience : the " beautiful soul " : Evil and the forgiveness of it . . . . 642-682 [(1) Conscience as the freedom of the self within itself. The reality of duty : conviction. (2) The universality of conscience. (.3) Evil and forgiveness.] (CC). RELIGION . . 683-799 VII. Keligion in General . . . . 685-696 A. Natural Religion .... 698-711 a. God as Light. h. Plants and Animals as religious objects. c. The artificer. B. Religion in the form of Art . . . 712-758 a. The abstract work of art. [(1) The representation of the gods. (2) The hymn. (3) The cult.] h. The living work of art : the human form as an embodiment of beauty. c. The spiritual work of art : art expressive of social life. [(1) Epic. (2) Tragedy. (3) Comedy.] .eis viii Contents PAOE C. Eevealed Eeligion .... 759-799 [1. The presuppositions requisite for the notion of revealed religion. 2. The ultimate content of revealed religion : the reality of the incarnation of God (a) in an individual, (6) in a religious communion. 3. Development of the notion of revealed religion. The Absolute as a trinity : the Absolute as externalised in the world : the Absolute as fulfilled in a spiritual kingdom.] (DD). ABSOLUTE KNOWLEDGE . 800-823 VIII. Absolute Knowledge .... 800-823 [1. The ultimate content of the Self which knows itself as all existence. 2. Systematic Science as the self-comprehension of Spirit. 3. The return of Spirit so comprehended to immediate existence]
3PHENOMENOLOGY OF MIND (BB) SPIRIT * [In the preceding section there is analysed the attempt on the part of individuality to operate as its own legislator and judge of laws holding for individuals. Individuality may claim the privilege of enunciating laws universal in character but having their source and inspiration solely in the single individual. Such laws can at best only be regulative and cannot be constitutive of the substance of individuality ; for the substance of individuality necessarily involves other individuals within it. In short individuality is itself only realised as a part of a concrete whole of individuals : its life is drawn from common life in and with others. To attempt to enunciate laws from itself as if it could create the conditions of its own inherent universality can only issue in one result : laws are furnished without the content which gives those laws any meaning, or else the laws and the content remain from first to last external to one another. But if laws are purely formal, they cease to be " laws," i.e. constitutive conditions of individuality. Hence the attempt above described is sure to break down by its own futility. What is wanted to give the laws meaning is the concrete substance of social life : and when this concrete substance is provided ipso facto the attempt of individuality to create laws disappears, for these laws are already found in operation in social life. Only such laws have reality. But this involves the further step that individuality is only realised, only finds its true universal content, in and with the order of a society. Here alone is individuality what it is in truth, at once a particular focus of self-consciousness, and a realisation of universal mind. This condition where individuality is conscious of itself only in and with others, and conscious of the common life as its own, is the stage of spiritual existence. Spiritual existence and social life thus go together. The following section begins the analysis of this phase of experience, which extends from the simplest form of sociality — the Family — up to the highest experience of universal mind — Eeligiou. The immediately succeeding section may be taken as tlie keystone of the whole arch of experience traversed in the Phenomenology. Here it is pointed out that all the preceding phases of experience have not merely been preparing the way for what is to follow, but that the various aspects, hitherto treated as separate moments of experience, are iu reality abstractions from the life of concrete spirit now to be discussed and analysed. It is noteworthy that from this point onwards the argument is less negative in its result either directly or indirectly, and is more systematic and constructive. This is no doubt largely because hitherto individual mind as such has been under review, and this is an abstraction from social mind or spiritual existence.] * The term "Spirit" seems better to render the word "Geist" used here, than the word " mind '' would do. Up to this stage of experience the word "mind" is sufficient to convey the meaning. But spirit is mind at a much higher level of existence. VOL. II.— B 429
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
1B. Spirit in self-estrangement : The discipline of culture and civilisation . . . 486-605 I. The world of spirit in self-estrangement . 493-545 a. Culture and its sphere of reality . 494-533 [(1) Culture as the estrangement of natural existence, (rt) Goodness and badness : state-power and wealth. (6) The cleavage of self-consciousness : nobility [and baseness, (c) Service and advice. (2) Language as the actuality ^of culture. (a) Flattery. (&) The language of distraction, (c) The vanity of culture.] h. Belief and pure Insight . . . 534-545 [(1) The idea of belief. (2) The object of belief. (3) The rationality of pure insight.] II. Enlightenment .... 546-591 a. The struggle of enlightenment with superstition .... 549-581 [(1) The negative attitude of insight towards belief. (2) The doctrine of enlightenment. (3) The rights of enlightenment.] h. The truth of enlightenment . . 582-591 [(1) Pure thought and pure matter. (2) The sphere of utility. (3) Self -certainty.] Ill, Absolute freedom and terror . . 592-605 [The awakening of free subjectivity.] C. Spirit certain of itself : Morality . . 606-682 a The moral view of the world . . . 610-623
2Contents vii PAGE [(1) The postulated harmony of duty and reality. (2) The ;divine lawgiver and the imperfect moral consciousness. (3) The moral world as a presented idea.] h. Dissemblance ..... 625-639 [(1) The contradictions in the moral view of the world. (2) The resolution of morality into its opposite. (3) The truth of moral self-consciousness]. c. Conscience : the " beautiful soul " : Evil and the forgiveness of it . . . . 642-682 [(1) Conscience as the freedom of the self within itself. The reality of duty : conviction. (2) The universality of conscience. (.3) Evil and forgiveness.] (CC). RELIGION . . 683-799 VII. Keligion in General . . . . 685-696 A. Natural Religion .... 698-711 a. God as Light. h. Plants and Animals as religious objects. c. The artificer. B. Religion in the form of Art . . . 712-758 a. The abstract work of art. [(1) The representation of the gods. (2) The hymn. (3) The cult.] h. The living work of art : the human form as an embodiment of beauty. c. The spiritual work of art : art expressive of social life. [(1) Epic. (2) Tragedy. (3) Comedy.] .eis viii Contents PAOE C. Eevealed Eeligion .... 759-799 [1. The presuppositions requisite for the notion of revealed religion. 2. The ultimate content of revealed religion : the reality of the incarnation of God (a) in an individual, (6) in a religious communion. 3. Development of the notion of revealed religion. The Absolute as a trinity : the Absolute as externalised in the world : the Absolute as fulfilled in a spiritual kingdom.] (DD). ABSOLUTE KNOWLEDGE . 800-823 VIII. Absolute Knowledge .... 800-823 [1. The ultimate content of the Self which knows itself as all existence. 2. Systematic Science as the self-comprehension of Spirit. 3. The return of Spirit so comprehended to immediate existence]
3PHENOMENOLOGY OF MIND (BB) SPIRIT * [In the preceding section there is analysed the attempt on the part of individuality to operate as its own legislator and judge of laws holding for individuals. Individuality may claim the privilege of enunciating laws universal in character but having their source and inspiration solely in the single individual. Such laws can at best only be regulative and cannot be constitutive of the substance of individuality ; for the substance of individuality necessarily involves other individuals within it. In short individuality is itself only realised as a part of a concrete whole of individuals : its life is drawn from common life in and with others. To attempt to enunciate laws from itself as if it could create the conditions of its own inherent universality can only issue in one result : laws are furnished without the content which gives those laws any meaning, or else the laws and the content remain from first to last external to one another. But if laws are purely formal, they cease to be " laws," i.e. constitutive conditions of individuality. Hence the attempt above described is sure to break down by its own futility. What is wanted to give the laws meaning is the concrete substance of social life : and when this concrete substance is provided ipso facto the attempt of individuality to create laws disappears, for these laws are already found in operation in social life. Only such laws have reality. But this involves the further step that individuality is only realised, only finds its true universal content, in and with the order of a society. Here alone is individuality what it is in truth, at once a particular focus of self-consciousness, and a realisation of universal mind. This condition where individuality is conscious of itself only in and with others, and conscious of the common life as its own, is the stage of spiritual existence. Spiritual existence and social life thus go together. The following section begins the analysis of this phase of experience, which extends from the simplest form of sociality — the Family — up to the highest experience of universal mind — Eeligiou. The immediately succeeding section may be taken as tlie keystone of the whole arch of experience traversed in the Phenomenology. Here it is pointed out that all the preceding phases of experience have not merely been preparing the way for what is to follow, but that the various aspects, hitherto treated as separate moments of experience, are iu reality abstractions from the life of concrete spirit now to be discussed and analysed. It is noteworthy that from this point onwards the argument is less negative in its result either directly or indirectly, and is more systematic and constructive. This is no doubt largely because hitherto individual mind as such has been under review, and this is an abstraction from social mind or spiritual existence.] * The term "Spirit" seems better to render the word "Geist" used here, than the word " mind '' would do. Up to this stage of experience the word "mind" is sufficient to convey the meaning. But spirit is mind at a much higher level of existence. VOL. II.— B 429
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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