The Sushruta Samhita — trans. Bhishagratna

Where there is life, there is a soul, and it is not everywhere the same. The soul in Sus'cula is individual

p. 120

The attributes of an organic individual : — Longing for pleasure, shunning of pain, enemity, energetic undertaking of work, respiration (Prdna\ emission of flatus (Apana), closing and opening of the eyelids, intellect (Vuddhi), sentiment (Manah), deliberation, discretion, memory, knowledge of art, perseverance, sensation and perception, are the attributes of an organic individual. i8.

Distinctive features of the different classes of mental temperaments :— An absence of all killing or hostile propensities, a judicious regimen of diet, forbearance, truthfulness, piety, a belief in God, spiritual knowledge, intellect, a good retentive memory, comprehension, and the doing of good deeds irrespective of consequences, are the qualities which grace the mind of a person of a Sa'ttvika temperament. Feeling of much pain and misery, a roving spirit, non-comprehension, vanity, untruthfulness, nonclemency, pride, an over winning confidence in one's own excellence, lust, anger and hilarity are the attributes which mark a mind of the Raijashika cast. Despondency, stupidity, disbelief in the existence of God, impiety, stupification and perversity of intellect, lethargy in action and sleepiness are the qualities which mark a mind of a Taimasliika stamp. 19,

The distinctive traits of the five material of Elements of the world ;—

The properties of Akas'a (ether) are sound, the sense of hearing, porosity and differentia evolution of the veins, ligaments etc. into their characterised species (Viviktatd.)

Xif^^ ^^^'. ^"^ takes cognisance of sorrow, disease and death by its union with the body ( ^t ?T^UJ^ sjfjf^C ^^^\m g»iq 9gj^^ )• Hence the living frame together with the soul that ia said to inhabit it forms the subject-matter of Ayurvedic medical treatment, Ed.

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The properties Vatya (etherin) are touch, the skin, all functional activities of the organism, throbbing of the whole body (Spandana) and lightness. The properties of Tejl (fire or heat) are form, the eyes, colours, heat, illumination, digestion, anger, generation of instantaneous energy and valour. The properties of Apa (water or liquid) arc taste, the tongue, fluidity, heaviness, coldness, olioginousncss and semen. The properties or modifications of Prithivi (the earth matter or solid) are smell, the nose, embodiment and heaviness. 20.

The properties of Apa (water or liquid) arc taste, the tongue, fluidity, heaviness, coldness, olioginousncss and semen. The properties or modifications of Prithivi (the earth matter or solid) are smell, the nose, embodiment and heaviness. 20.

Of these the ether or Akasa abounds in attributes of the Sdttvika stamp, the Vayu or etherin in Rdjashika, the Teja in Sattvika and Rajashika, the water in S^ttvika and Tamashika and the earth in Tamasha attributes. 21.

There are IVIemorable Verses :— These

qualities are found to characterise and enter intothe*successive elements in the order of their enumeration. The specific attributes of these elements are manifest in the substances which are respectively originated from them. The term Prakriti or original nature connotes the eight categories (of Avyakta, Mahan, Ahamkara, and the five Tanmatras) and the rest of the twenty four fundamental principles are its modifications. The Furusha forms the twentyfifth principle. These twentyfive fundamental prin^ ciples of cosmogony have been dealt w^ith in the present treatise ^Salya-Tantram) as well as in the other treatise (Salaky-Tantram and Sankhya Philosophy). 22 — ■23.

Thus ends the first Chapter of the S'arira Sihananin the Sus'ruta Samhita which deals with the science of Being in general.

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CHAPTER II.

Now we shall discourse on the Sariiam whicii treats of the purification of semen and cataminal fluid etc. (Sukra-^onita-^uddhirnama ^ariram). i.

A man is incapable ol begetting children, whose seminal fluid, affected by the aggravated Vayu, Pittam or Kapham, emits a cadaverous smell, or has acquired a clotted or shreddy character or which looks like putrid pus, or has become thin, or smells like urine or stool, 2.

Deranged Semen : — Semen vitiated by the deranged Vayu acquires a (reddish-black) colour and gives rise to a pain (piercing and cutting etc.) which characterises the Vayu (at the time of being emitted). Similarly semen deranged by the Pittam gets a (yellowish or bluish etc.) colour and produces the specific pain (burning and sucking etc.) of the deranged Pittam (at the time of emission). Semen vitiated by the action of the deranged Kapham has a (white) colour and produces the pain (itching sensation etc.) peculiar to the deranged Kapham (at the time of its outflow). The semen vitiated by blood is tinged with a bloody hue, produces all kinds of pain peculiar to the deranged Sonita (Pittam). The semen smells like a putrid corpse and is emitted in large quantities. The shreddy or clotted character of the fluid (Granthila) should be ascribed to the action of the deranged Vayu and Kapham. If vitiated by the action of the deranged Pittam and Kapham it looks like putrid pus (Putipuya). Thin semen is caused by the deranged Vayu and

Chap, II.] SARIRA STHANAM. ' 1 23

Pittam as described before. A concerted action of the deranged Vayu, Pittam, and Kapham causes the semen to smell like urine or fecal matter. Of these, the cadaverously smelling, shreddy and clotted, putrid puslike and thinned semen can be remedied and corrected only with the greatest difficulty ; while the one, having the smell of stool or urine, should be regarded as beyond cure. The remaining kinds arc curable. 3.

Deranged Artavam :— The catamenial fluid (Artavam) of a woman vitiated by the deranged Vayu, Pittam, Kapham, or blood, either severally or in combination of two or more Doshas should be likewise considered as unfit for the purpose of fecundation. Vitiated catamenial fluid exhibits the characteristic colour and pain of the deranged Doshas or blood (underlying at its roots). Of the several kinds (of vitiated catamenial fluids) those which smell like a putrid corpse or fetid pus, or which is clotted, or is thin, or emits the smell of urine or fecal matter, should be deemed as being beyond remedy, the rest being amenable. 4.

IVIemorable Verses :— The first three types