The Sushruta Samhita — trans. Bhishagratna

Pain is absent in this type and the patient feels an irresistible inclination to scratch the parts. In the Satnnipaitaja type, the lips change

* According to others sixty-seven-^but Dalian does not support this.

102 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. XVI.

colour, becoming black, yellow, or ash-coloured (white) at intervals and are found to be studded with various sorts of eruptions. 5 — 8.

The Raktaja type :— (Produced by the vitiated condition of the blood) the affected lips look as red as blood and profusely bleed and crops of date coloured (chocolate-coloured) eruptions appear on their surface. In the Maknsaja type (due to the vitiated condition of the local flesh), the lips become heavy, thick and gathered up in the form of a lump of flesh. The angles of the mouth become infested with parasites which germinate and spread themselves in the affected parts. In the Medaja(fat-origined) type the lips become numbed, soft, heavy and marked by an itching sensation. The skin of the inflamed surface becomes glossy and looks like the surface layer of clarified butter exuding a thin crystal-like (transparent) watery discharge. In the Abhighaitaja (Traumatic) type, the lips become red, knotty and marked by an itching sensation and seem as if (pierced into or cut open with an axe and (become cracked and fissured). 9 — 12.

Disease of the roots of the teeth ;—

Diseases which are peculiar to the roots of the teeth, are known as Sitada, Danta-pupputaka, Danta-veshtaka, Saushira, Mdha-Saushira, Paridara, Upakus'a, Dantavaidarbha, Vardhana, Adhimansa and the five sorts -of Nddi (,sinus). 13.

Sitada (Scurvy); — The gums of the teeth suddenly bleed and become putrified, black, slimy and emit a fetid smell. They become soft and gradually slough off. The disease has its origin in the deranged condition of the local blood and Kapham. Dantapupputaka (gum boil): — The disease in which the roots of two or three teeth at a time is marked by a violent swelling and

Chtip. XVI.] NIDANA STHANAM. 1 03

The disease has its origin in the deranged condition of the local blood and Kapham. Dantapupputaka (gum boil): — The disease in which the roots of two or three teeth at a time is marked by a violent swelling and

Chtip. XVI.] NIDANA STHANAM. 1 03

pain is called Danta-pupputaka. The disease is due to the vitiated condition of the blood and Kapham. Danta-veshtaka: — The teeth become loose in the gums, which exude a discharge of blood and pus. This disease is due to the vitiated blood of the locality. Saushira:— The disease in which an itching painful swelling appears about the gums attended with copious flow of saliva is called Saushira (Alveolar abscess). It is caused by the deranged blood and Kapham of the locality. Maha(- Saushira : — The disease in which the teeth become loose, the palate marked by sinuses or fissures, the gums putrified, and the whole cavity of the mouth inflamed, is called Mahas'aushira, the outcome of the concerted action of the deranged Doshas of the body. 14 — 18.

Paricla.ra. : — The disease in which the gums become putrified, wear off and bleed is called Paridara (bleeding gums\ The disease has its origin in the deranged condition of the blood, Kapham and Pittam. Upakusa :~The disease in which the gums become marked by a burning sensation and suppuration and the teeth become loose and shaky (in their gums) in consequence and bleed at the least shaking, is called Upakusa. There is a slight pain, and the entire cavity of the mouth becomes swollen and emits a fetid smell ; this disease is due to the vitiated condition of the blood and Pittam. 19.

Danta-Vaidarbha :— The disease which is consequent upon the friction of the gums marked by the appearance of a violent swelling about the portion (so rubbed and in which) the teeth beeome loose and can be moved about, is called Danta-vaidarbha which is due to an extraneous cause such as a blow etc. Vardhana : — the disease which is marked by the advent of an additional tooth (the last molar) through the action t04 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. XVI.

Vardhana : — the disease which is marked by the advent of an additional tooth (the last molar) through the action t04 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. XVI.

of the deranged Vayu with a specific excruciating pain of its own, is called Vardhana or eruption of the Wisdom tooth. The pain subsides with the cutting of the tooth. Adhimainsa :— The disease in which a violent and extremely painful tumour appears about the root of the tooth, and is situated in the farthest end of the cavity of the cheek-bone accompanied by a copious flow of saliva "is called Adhimansa or Epulis. It is due to the deranged Kapham. The five sorts of Na'di (sinus) which affect the roots of the teeth (are either Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Sdnnipataja or Abhighataja), their symptoms being respectively identical with those of the types of Nadi-vrana. 20 —24.

Diseases to the teeth proper :— Diseases

which are restricted to the teeth proper are named as,
Ddlana, Krimi-dantaka, Danta-harsha, Bhanjaka, Sarkard,
Kapalika, Syiva-dantaka and Hanu-moksha. 25.

Dalana : — The disease in which the teeth seem as if being cleft asunder with a violent pain is called Deilana or toothache, the origin of which is ascribed to the action of the aggravated state of the bodily Vayu. Krimi-dantaka : — The disease in which the teeth are eaten into by worms, is called Krimi-dantaka (caries\ The teeth become loose and perforated by black holes accompanied by a copious flow of saliva. The appearance of an extremely diffused swelling (about the roots of decayed teeth) with a sudden aggravation of the accompanying pain without any apparent cause is also one of its specific features. Danta-harsha : — The disease in which the teeth cannot bear the heat, cold or touch is called Danta-harsha. It is due to the deranged condition of Vdyu. Bhanjaka : — The disease in which the face is distorted, the teeth break, and the accompanying pain is severe, is called Bhanjaka (degeneration of the

Chap. XV 1 ] NIDANA STHANAM. 10^