The Sushruta Samhita — trans. Bhishagratna

It is due to the deranged condition of Vdyu. Bhanjaka : — The disease in which the face is distorted, the teeth break, and the accompanying pain is severe, is called Bhanjaka (degeneration of the

Chap. XV 1 ] NIDANA STHANAM. 10^ teeth). The disease is due to the deranged condition of the Vayu and Kapham. Sarkaiai : — The disease, in which sordes, formed on the teeth and hardened (by the action of the deranged Vayu), lie in a crystallised form at the roots of the teeth, is called Sarkara (Tartar). Such deposits tend to destroy the healthy growth and functions of the teeth. Kapalikai : — The disease in which the preceding crystallised deposits get cemented together and afterwards separate from the teeth taking away a part of their coating (enamel) is called Kapalika (calcareous deposit) which naturally makes an erosion into and destroys the teeth Sya^va-dantaka :— The disease, in which the teeth variously scorched by the action of the deranged Pittam assumes a blackish or blue colour, is named as Syava-dantaka (black teeth). Hanu-moksha : — The disease in which the Vayu aggravated (by such causes, as by loud talking, chewing of hard substances, or immoderate yawning) produces the dislocation of the jawbones is called Hanu-moksha It is identical with Ardditam as regards its symptoms. 26-33.

Diseases of the tongue :— The five kinds of diseases which affect the organ of taste are the three sorts of Kantakas due to the three deranged

Doshas (Vataja Pittaja and Kaphaja), AUsa and
Upa-jihvika. 34.

The three Kantaks :— In the Vataja Kantaka type the tongue becomes cracked, loses the sense of taste and becomes rough like a teak leaf (giving the organ a warty appearance). In the Pittaja Kantaka form the tongue is coloured yellow and studded over with furred blood-coloured papillae with the burning sensation (of the Pittam in them). In the Kaphaja Kantaka type the tongue becomes heavy, thick and grown over with vegetation of slender fleshy warts in thep. 14 to6 THE SOSHRUTA SAMHitA. CChap. XVI.

In the Kaphaja Kantaka type the tongue becomes heavy, thick and grown over with vegetation of slender fleshy warts in thep. 14 to6 THE SOSHRUTA SAMHitA. CChap. XVI.

shape o{ S'almali thorns. Alsbsa :- The severe inflammatory swelling about the under surface of the tongue is called Alasa, which if allowed to grow on unchecked gives rise to numbness and immobility of the organ and tends to a process of rapid suppuration at its base. The disease is caused by the deranged blood and Kapham. The Upa-jihva^ : - The disease in which a (cystic) swelling shaped like the tip of the tongue appears about the under-surface of that organ by raising it a little is called Upa-jihvika (Ranula). The accompanying symptoms are salivation, burning and itching sensations in the affected organ ; these are due to the deranged Kapham and blood (of the locality). 35 — 37.

Disease of the palate : — Diseases which are peculiar to the part of the palate are named Gala-s'undika, Tundikeri, Adhrusha, Mansa-kachchapa, Arvuda, Mansasanghata,, Talu-s'osha and Talu-pdka. 38.

Gala-SUndika :— The diffused and elongated swelling, caused by the deranged blood and Kapham, which first appears about the root of the palate and goes on extending till it looks like an inflated skinbladder is called Gala-s'undikd (tonsilitis) by physicians. Thirst, cough, difificult breathing are the indications of the disease. Tundikeri : — A thick swelling resembling the fruit of the Tundikeri plant in shape and appearing about the root of the palate attended with a burning, piercing or pricking pain and suppuration is called Tundikeri (abscess of the tonsil). Adhrusha :— A red, numbed svvelling appearing about the same region, as the effect of the vitiated blood of the locality, attended with severe fever and pain, is known by the name of Adhrusha. Mjinsa-kachchapa:— A brownish and slightly painful swelling somewhat shaped like the back of a tortoise (and appearing about the region of the soft

Chap. XVI.] NIDANA STHANAM. lo;

Mjinsa-kachchapa:— A brownish and slightly painful swelling somewhat shaped like the back of a tortoise (and appearing about the region of the soft

Chap. XVI.] NIDANA STHANAM. lo;

palate) is called Mdnsa-kachchhapa. The disease is, slow in its growth or development and is due to the deranged Kapham. Arvuda: — A swelling shaped like the petal of the lotus lily and appearing in the region of the soft palate as an outcome of the aggravated condition of the local blood is called Arvudam. The swelling is identical with the Raktarvuda described before. Mausa-Saiighata :— A vegetation of morbid flesh at the edge or extremity of the soft palate through the action of the derani^ed Kapham is called Mansa-Sanghata. It is painless. Ta!u-piipputa: — A painless permanent swelling to the shape o( the Kola fruit (plum) caused by the deranged fat and Kapham at the region of the soft palate is called Tdlu-pupputa. Tatiu-sosha :— The disease of the soft palate in which the patient feels a sort of parched sensation with dyspnoea and a severe piercing pain in the affected part is called T^llu-sosha, which has its origin in the aggravated condition of the bodily Vayu acting in concert with the deranged Pittam. Ta^lu-patka — The disease in which the deranged Pittam sets up a very severe suppurative process in the soft palate is called Talu-paka, 39-47.

The diseases of the throat and

larynx : —The diseases peculiar to the throat and the larynx are seventeen in number and are known as the five types of Pohini, Kantha-Saluka, Adhijihva, Valaya, Valasa, Eka-vrinda, Vrinda, Sataghni, Gilayu, Gala-vidradhi, Galaugha, Svaraghna, Mansatana. and Viddri. 48.

General features of Rohinis:-The

aggravated Vayu, Pittam, Kapham, either severally or in combination, or blood may affect the mucous of the throat and give rise to vegetations of fleshy papillae, lo8 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. XVI.

which gradually obstruct the channel of the throat and bring on death. The disease is called Rohini (Diphtheria^i. 49.