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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1® If a schism among the fraternity has been composed, the reconciled parties hold Uposatha together (X, 5, 14). 298 MAHAVAGGA. IH, 1,1. THIRD KHANDHAKA. (RESIDENCE DURING THE RAINY SEASON, VASSA.) 1. 1. At that time the Blessed One dwelt at Ragagaha, in the Ve/uvana, in the Kalandakanivapa’. At that time the retreat during the rainy season had not yet been instituted by the Blessed One for the Bhikkhus. Thus the Bhikkhus went on their travels alike during winter, summer, and the rainy season. 2. People were annoyed, murmured, and became angry, saying, ‘ How can the Sakyaputtiya Samazas go on their travels alike during winter, summer, and the rainy season? They crush the green herbs, they hurt vegetable life *, they destroy the life of many small living things. Shall the ascetics who belong to Titthiya schools, whose doctrine is ill preached, retire during the rainy season and arrange places for themselves to live in? ? shall the birds make their nests on the summits of the trees, and retire during 1 See the note on I, 22,17. About the name of Kalandakanivapa (seeds of Kalandaka? feeding ground for squirrels ?), see the story related in Beal, Romantic Legend, &c., p. 315, where this place is said to be the gift of a merchant named Kalandaka. A different account is given by Spence Hardy, Manual, p. 194. 2 Literally, living creatures which have but one organ of sense ; that is, which have only the organ of feeling, viz. the outward form (kaya). ° Samkapayissanti = samkappayissanti? Buddhaghosa: appossukka-nibaddha-vasam vasissanti. III, 2,2. RESIDENCE DURING THE RAINY SEASON, 299 the rainy season, and arrange themselves places to live in; and yet the Sakyaputtiya Samazas go on their travels alike during winter, summer, and the rainy season, crushing the green herbs, hurting vegetable life, and destroying the life of many small things ?’ 3. Now some Bhikkhus heard those people that were annoyed, murmured, and had become angry. These Bhikkhus told this thing to the Blessed One. In consequence of that and on this occasion the Blessed One, after having delivered a religious discourse, thus addressed the Bhikkhus: ‘I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you enter upon Vassal’ 2 1. Now the Bhikkhus thought: ‘When are we to enter upon Vassa?’ They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you enter upon Vassa in the rainy season.’ 2. Then the Bhikkhus thought: ‘How many periods are there for entering upon Vassa ?’ They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘ There are two periods, O Bhikkhus, for entering upon Vassa, the earlier and the later. The earlier time for entering (upon Vassa) is the day after the
2Then the Bhikkhus thought: ‘How many periods are there for entering upon Vassa ?’ They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘ There are two periods, O Bhikkhus, for entering upon Vassa, the earlier and the later. The earlier time for entering (upon Vassa) is the day after the ’ Ie. enter upon the retreat prescribed for the rainy season. Buddhaghosa: ‘They are to look after their Vihara (if it is in a proper state), to provide food and water for themselves, to fulfil all due ceremonies, such as paying reverence to sacred shrines, &c., and to say loudly once, or twice, or thrice: ‘I enter upon Vassa in this Vihara for these three months.” Thus they are to enter upon Vassa.’ 300 MAHAVAGGA. III, 3, 1. full moon of AsA/ha (June-July); the later, a month after the full moon of Asd/4a!. These, O Bhikkhus, are the two periods for entering upon Vassa.’ 3. 1. At that time the X/abbaggiya Bhikkhus, having entered upon Vassa, went on their travels during the period of Vassa. People were annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), ‘How can the Sakyaputtiya Samazas go on their travels alike during winter, summer, and the rainy season, ... . (&c., as in chap. 1. 2, down to:) and destroy the life of many small living things?’ 2. Now some Bhikkhus heard those people that were annoyed, murmured, and had become angry. The moderate Bhikkhus were annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), ‘How can the Ahabbaggiya Bhikkhus, having entered upon Vassa, go on their travels during the period of Vassa?’ These Bhikkhus told this thing to the Blessed One. * Very probably this double period stands in connection -with the double period prescribed in the Brahmamas and Sfttras for most of the Vedic festivals. Thus the sacrifice of the varuzapraghas4s, with which the Brahmans began the rainy season, was to be held either on the full moon day of Ash4dha or on the full moon day of the following month, Sravama, quite in accordance with the Buddhistical rules about the vassupanayika. The Bréhmama texts begin the year with the full moon day of the (uttara) Phalgunt; the Sfitras mention, besides the Phalguni, another new-year’s day, the Xaitr? paurzamasi, which falls one month later. It was in connection with this dislocation of the beginning of the year that the annual festivals could be postponed accordingly. See Weber, Die vedischen Nachrichten von den Naxatra, IT, p. 329 seq. III, 4,3. RESIDENCE DURING THE RAINY SEASON. 301 In consequence of that and on this occasion the Blessed One, after having delivered a religious discourse, thus addressed the Bhikkhus: ‘Let no one, O Bhikkhus, who has entered upon Vassa, go on his travels before he has kept Vassa during the earlier or during the later three months. He who does so, commits a dukka/Za offe 1, At that time the K/abbaggiya Bhik not willing to enter upon Vassa. They told this thing to the Blessed One.
3He who does so, commits a dukka/Za offe 1, At that time the K/abbaggiya Bhik not willing to enter upon Vassa. They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘Let no one, O Bhikkhus, forbear to enter upon Vassa. He who does not enter upon Vassa, commits a dukka/a offence.’ 2. At that time the XZabbaggiya Bhikkhus, who were not willing to enter upon Vassa on the prescribed day, purposely left the district (where they were living). They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘Let no one, O Bhikkhus, purposely leave the district (where he is living), because he is not willing to enter upon Vassa on the prescribed day. He who does, commits a dukka/Za offence.’ 3. At that time the Magadha king Seniya Bimbisdra, who wished that the Vassa period might be postponed, sent a messenger to the Bhikkhus: ‘What if their reverences were to enter upon Vassa on the next full moon day ?’ They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you obey kings.’ 302 MAHAVAGGA. III, 5, 1. 5. 1. And the Blessed One, after having resided at Ragagaha as long as he thought fit, went forth to S4vatthi. Wandering from place to place he came to SAvatthi. There, at SAvatthi, the Blessed One dwelt in the Getavana, the garden of Anathapizaika. At that time an updsaka (lay devotee) named Udena, in the Kosala country, had a Vihara built for the Samgha. He sent a messenger to the Bhikkhus (saying), ‘Might their reverences come hither; I desire to bestow gifts (on the Samgha) and to hear the Dhamma and to see the Bhikkhus.’ 2. The Bhikkhus replied: ‘The Blessed One has prescribed, friend, that no one who has entered upon Vassa, may go on a journey before he has kept Vassa during the earlier or during the later three months. Let the upasaka Udena wait so long as the Bhikkhus keep their Vassa residence; when they have finished Vassa, they will go. But if there is any urgent necessity, let him dedicate the Vihdra in presence of the Bhikkhus who reside there.’ 3. The up4saka Udena was annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), ‘How can their reverences, when I send for them, refuse to come? Iam a giver and a doer (of good works), and do service to the fraternity. Some Bhikkhus heard the upésaka Udena, who was annoyed, &c. These Bhikkhus told the thing to the Blessed One. 4. In consequence of that the Blessed One, after having delivered a religious discourse, thus addressed the Bhikkhus : ‘I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to go (even during III, 5,6. . RESIDENCE DURING THE RAINY SEASON. 303
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1® If a schism among the fraternity has been composed, the reconciled parties hold Uposatha together (X, 5, 14). 298 MAHAVAGGA. IH, 1,1. THIRD KHANDHAKA. (RESIDENCE DURING THE RAINY SEASON, VASSA.) 1. 1. At that time the Blessed One dwelt at Ragagaha, in the Ve/uvana, in the Kalandakanivapa’. At that time the retreat during the rainy season had not yet been instituted by the Blessed One for the Bhikkhus. Thus the Bhikkhus went on their travels alike during winter, summer, and the rainy season. 2. People were annoyed, murmured, and became angry, saying, ‘ How can the Sakyaputtiya Samazas go on their travels alike during winter, summer, and the rainy season? They crush the green herbs, they hurt vegetable life *, they destroy the life of many small living things. Shall the ascetics who belong to Titthiya schools, whose doctrine is ill preached, retire during the rainy season and arrange places for themselves to live in? ? shall the birds make their nests on the summits of the trees, and retire during 1 See the note on I, 22,17. About the name of Kalandakanivapa (seeds of Kalandaka? feeding ground for squirrels ?), see the story related in Beal, Romantic Legend, &c., p. 315, where this place is said to be the gift of a merchant named Kalandaka. A different account is given by Spence Hardy, Manual, p. 194. 2 Literally, living creatures which have but one organ of sense ; that is, which have only the organ of feeling, viz. the outward form (kaya). ° Samkapayissanti = samkappayissanti? Buddhaghosa: appossukka-nibaddha-vasam vasissanti. III, 2,2. RESIDENCE DURING THE RAINY SEASON, 299 the rainy season, and arrange themselves places to live in; and yet the Sakyaputtiya Samazas go on their travels alike during winter, summer, and the rainy season, crushing the green herbs, hurting vegetable life, and destroying the life of many small things ?’ 3. Now some Bhikkhus heard those people that were annoyed, murmured, and had become angry. These Bhikkhus told this thing to the Blessed One. In consequence of that and on this occasion the Blessed One, after having delivered a religious discourse, thus addressed the Bhikkhus: ‘I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you enter upon Vassal’ 2 1. Now the Bhikkhus thought: ‘When are we to enter upon Vassa?’ They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you enter upon Vassa in the rainy season.’ 2. Then the Bhikkhus thought: ‘How many periods are there for entering upon Vassa ?’ They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘ There are two periods, O Bhikkhus, for entering upon Vassa, the earlier and the later. The earlier time for entering (upon Vassa) is the day after the
2Then the Bhikkhus thought: ‘How many periods are there for entering upon Vassa ?’ They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘ There are two periods, O Bhikkhus, for entering upon Vassa, the earlier and the later. The earlier time for entering (upon Vassa) is the day after the ’ Ie. enter upon the retreat prescribed for the rainy season. Buddhaghosa: ‘They are to look after their Vihara (if it is in a proper state), to provide food and water for themselves, to fulfil all due ceremonies, such as paying reverence to sacred shrines, &c., and to say loudly once, or twice, or thrice: ‘I enter upon Vassa in this Vihara for these three months.” Thus they are to enter upon Vassa.’ 300 MAHAVAGGA. III, 3, 1. full moon of AsA/ha (June-July); the later, a month after the full moon of Asd/4a!. These, O Bhikkhus, are the two periods for entering upon Vassa.’ 3. 1. At that time the X/abbaggiya Bhikkhus, having entered upon Vassa, went on their travels during the period of Vassa. People were annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), ‘How can the Sakyaputtiya Samazas go on their travels alike during winter, summer, and the rainy season, ... . (&c., as in chap. 1. 2, down to:) and destroy the life of many small living things?’ 2. Now some Bhikkhus heard those people that were annoyed, murmured, and had become angry. The moderate Bhikkhus were annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), ‘How can the Ahabbaggiya Bhikkhus, having entered upon Vassa, go on their travels during the period of Vassa?’ These Bhikkhus told this thing to the Blessed One. * Very probably this double period stands in connection -with the double period prescribed in the Brahmamas and Sfttras for most of the Vedic festivals. Thus the sacrifice of the varuzapraghas4s, with which the Brahmans began the rainy season, was to be held either on the full moon day of Ash4dha or on the full moon day of the following month, Sravama, quite in accordance with the Buddhistical rules about the vassupanayika. The Bréhmama texts begin the year with the full moon day of the (uttara) Phalgunt; the Sfitras mention, besides the Phalguni, another new-year’s day, the Xaitr? paurzamasi, which falls one month later. It was in connection with this dislocation of the beginning of the year that the annual festivals could be postponed accordingly. See Weber, Die vedischen Nachrichten von den Naxatra, IT, p. 329 seq. III, 4,3. RESIDENCE DURING THE RAINY SEASON. 301 In consequence of that and on this occasion the Blessed One, after having delivered a religious discourse, thus addressed the Bhikkhus: ‘Let no one, O Bhikkhus, who has entered upon Vassa, go on his travels before he has kept Vassa during the earlier or during the later three months. He who does so, commits a dukka/Za offe 1, At that time the K/abbaggiya Bhik not willing to enter upon Vassa. They told this thing to the Blessed One.
3He who does so, commits a dukka/Za offe 1, At that time the K/abbaggiya Bhik not willing to enter upon Vassa. They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘Let no one, O Bhikkhus, forbear to enter upon Vassa. He who does not enter upon Vassa, commits a dukka/a offence.’ 2. At that time the XZabbaggiya Bhikkhus, who were not willing to enter upon Vassa on the prescribed day, purposely left the district (where they were living). They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘Let no one, O Bhikkhus, purposely leave the district (where he is living), because he is not willing to enter upon Vassa on the prescribed day. He who does, commits a dukka/Za offence.’ 3. At that time the Magadha king Seniya Bimbisdra, who wished that the Vassa period might be postponed, sent a messenger to the Bhikkhus: ‘What if their reverences were to enter upon Vassa on the next full moon day ?’ They told this thing to the Blessed One. ‘I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that you obey kings.’ 302 MAHAVAGGA. III, 5, 1. 5. 1. And the Blessed One, after having resided at Ragagaha as long as he thought fit, went forth to S4vatthi. Wandering from place to place he came to SAvatthi. There, at SAvatthi, the Blessed One dwelt in the Getavana, the garden of Anathapizaika. At that time an updsaka (lay devotee) named Udena, in the Kosala country, had a Vihara built for the Samgha. He sent a messenger to the Bhikkhus (saying), ‘Might their reverences come hither; I desire to bestow gifts (on the Samgha) and to hear the Dhamma and to see the Bhikkhus.’ 2. The Bhikkhus replied: ‘The Blessed One has prescribed, friend, that no one who has entered upon Vassa, may go on a journey before he has kept Vassa during the earlier or during the later three months. Let the upasaka Udena wait so long as the Bhikkhus keep their Vassa residence; when they have finished Vassa, they will go. But if there is any urgent necessity, let him dedicate the Vihdra in presence of the Bhikkhus who reside there.’ 3. The up4saka Udena was annoyed, murmured, and became angry (saying), ‘How can their reverences, when I send for them, refuse to come? Iam a giver and a doer (of good works), and do service to the fraternity. Some Bhikkhus heard the upésaka Udena, who was annoyed, &c. These Bhikkhus told the thing to the Blessed One. 4. In consequence of that the Blessed One, after having delivered a religious discourse, thus addressed the Bhikkhus : ‘I allow you, O Bhikkhus, to go (even during III, 5,6. . RESIDENCE DURING THE RAINY SEASON. 303
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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