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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Haradatta thinks that the term ‘the threefold sacred science includes the fourth Veda also, because it consists chiefly of Rzkas and Yagus formulas.’ 4. Manu VII, 30-31 ; Yaghavalkya I, 354; Apastamba II, 11, 24, 18. ‘Of subdued senses, i.e. free from the (seven) vices XI, 12. THE DUTIES OF A KING. 235 panions possessing excellent qualities and by the means (for upholding his rule). 5. He shall be impartial towards his subjects ; 6. And he shall do (what is) good for them. 7. All, excepting Brahmazas, shall worship him who is seated on a higher seat, (while they themselves sit on a) lower (one). 8. The (Brahmazas), also, shall honour him. 9. He shall protect the castes and orders in accordance with justice ; 10. And those who leave (the path of) duty, he shall lead back (to it). 11. For it is declared (in the Veda) that he obtains a share of the spiritual merit (gained by his subjects). 12, And he shall select as his domestic priest (purohita) a Brahmaza who is learned (in the Vedas), of noble family, eloquent, handsome, of (a suitable) age, and of a virtuous disposition, who lives righteously and who is austere. (common among kings), i.e. sensuality, gambling, hunting, drinking, &c.—Haradatta. The means (upaya) are those mentioned by Yagfavalkya I, 345-346. 5. Manu VII, 80; Yag#avalkya I, 333. 6. ‘And he shall do what is good, i.e. dig tanks, build embankments and bridges &c. for them, i.e. his subjects. —Haradatta. 7. ‘(On a) lower (one), i.e. on the ground only.’—Haradatta. This is still the custom in native courts, where, however, Brahmamas, as a rule, must also sit on the floor. 8. ‘Honour him,’ i.e. worship him by invoking blessings on him and the like. g. Manu VII, 35. 10. YAg#avalkya I, 360. 11. Manu VIII, 304; Yag#avalkya I, 334. 12. Manu VII, 78; Yag#avalkya I, 312. Haradatta explains vAaksampanna, ‘eloquent,’ by ‘one who knows Sanskrit.’ According to the same, ‘the (suitable) age’ is the prime of life, when men 236 GAUTAMA. ‘XI, 13. 13. With his assistance he shall fulfil his religious duties, 14. For it is declared (in the Veda) : ‘ Kshatriyas, who are assisted by Brahmazas, prosper and do not fall into distress.’ 15. He shall, also, take heed of that which astrologers and interpreters of omens tell (him). 16. For some (declare), that the acquisition of wealth and security depend also upon that. 17. He shall perform in the fire of the hall the rites ensuring prosperity which are connected with expiations (s4nti), festivals, a prosperous march, long life, and auspiciousness; as well as those that are intended to cause enmity, to subdue (enemies), to destroy (them) by incantations, and to cause their misfortune. 18. Officiating priests (shall perform) the other (sacrifices) according to the precepts (of the Veda). are neither too young nor too old. ‘Austere’ is interpreted to mean ‘not given to sensual enjoyments.’ 13. Manu VII, 78. 14. Satapatha-brahmaaa IV, 1, 4, 4-6.
218. Officiating priests (shall perform) the other (sacrifices) according to the precepts (of the Veda). are neither too young nor too old. ‘Austere’ is interpreted to mean ‘not given to sensual enjoyments.’ 13. Manu VII, 78. 14. Satapatha-brahmaaa IV, 1, 4, 4-6. 17. Apastamba II, 10, 25, 4, 7. Santis, ‘expiations,’ are rites intended to avert an impending misfortune which is announced by an evil omen. ‘Festivals’ are, according to Haradatta, wedding-days and the like; ‘rites connected with auspiciousness’ are, according to the same, rites on entering a new dwelling and the like. Haradatta further remarks that, though, according to the text, the king must perform these rites, he is, in reality, only to give the necessary orders, and to furnish the means for their performance, while the Purohita is to officiate as priest. He adds, that another commentator asserts that ‘the Purohita,’ not ‘the king,’ must be taken as the subject of the sentence. 18. Manu VII, 78-79; YAgéavalkya I, 313. Haradatta says that by the ‘other’ sacrifices, both Grihya and Srauta rites are meant. I think that the latter are chiefly intended, as the Samsk4ras are included under the rites of festive days, mentioned in the preceding Sftra. XI, 25. THE DUTIES OF A KING. 237 19. His administration of justice (shall be regulated by) the Veda, the Institutes of the Sacred Law, the Angas, and the Purdma. 20. The laws of countries, castes, and families, which are not opposed to the (sacred) records, (have) also authority. 21. Cultivators, traders, herdsmen, money-lenders, and artisans (have authority to lay down rules) for their respective classes. 22. Having learned the (state of) affairs from those who (in each class) have authority (to speak he shall give) the legal decision. 23. Reasoning is a means for arriving at the truth. 24. Coming to a conclusion through that, he shall decide properly. 25. If (the evidence) is conflicting, he shall learn (the truth) from (Bréhmazas) who are well versed in 19. The Angas, i.e. the six auxiliary branches of learning mentioned above, VIII, 5. My best copy inserts ‘the Upavedas’ after the Angas. But the words upavedaA and dharmas4strdzi, ‘ the institutes of Jaw,’ are probably interpolations. For the latter are already i included by the term Anga, as part of the Kalpa. 20. Apastamba Il, 6, 15, 1; Manu VII, 203; VIII, 41, 46; Yagiiavalkya I, 342. ‘The (sacred) records, i.e. the Vedas and the rest.’— Haradatta. 22. ‘Having learned, i.e. having heard and considered, from them, i.e. from men of those classes, according to their authority, i.e. from those who in each class are authorised to give decisions, the (state of) affairs, i.e. the peculiar customs, the legal decision must be given in accordance with that which they declare to be the rule in their community.’— Haradatta.
3from those who in each class are authorised to give decisions, the (state of) affairs, i.e. the peculiar customs, the legal decision must be given in accordance with that which they declare to be the rule in their community.’— Haradatta. 23. Manu VIII, 44; XII, 105-106; Macnaghten, Mitakshara II, 8, 8. Haradatta remarks, that this Sfitra refers to the case _ where the spokesmen of a guild may be suspected of partiality. 25. Manu XII, 108-113. According to Haradatta this Stra refers to particularly difficult cases. 238 . GAUTAMA. XI, 26. the threefold sacred lore, and give his decision (accordingly). 26. For, (if he acts) thus, blessings will attend him (in this world and the next). 27. It has been declared in the Veda: ‘Brahmazas, united with Kshatriyas, uphold gods, manes, and men.’ 28. They declare, that (the word) dazda (rule or punishment) is derived from (the verb) damayati (he restrains); therefore he shall restrain those who do not restrain themselves. 29. (Men of) the (several) castes and orders who always live according to their duty enjoy after death the rewards of their works, and by virtue of a remnant of their (merit) they are born again in excellent countries, castes, and families, (endowed) with beauty, long life, learning in the Vedas, (virtuous) conduct, wealth, happiness, and wisdom. 30. Those who act in a contrary manner perish, being born again in various (evil conditions). 31. The advice of the spiritual teacher and the punishment (inflicted by the king) guard them. 32. Therefore a king and a spiritual teacher must not be reviled. CuarTer XII. 1. A Sidra who intentionally reviles twice-born men by criminal abuse, or criminally assaults them with blows, shall be deprived of the limb with which he offends. 26, Apastamba Il, 5, 11, 4- 29. Apastamba II, 5, 11, 10. 30. Apastamba II, 5,11, 11. ‘Perish, i.e. fall from one misfortune into the other.’—Haradatta. 31. Apastamba II, 5, ro, 12-16. 32. Manu VII, 8. XII. 1. Apastamba II, 10, 27, 14; Manu VIII, 270, 279-283; XIT, 9. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 239 2. If he has criminal intercourse with an Aryan woman, his organ shall be cut off, and all his property be confiscated. 3. If (the woman had) a protector, he shall be executed after (having undergone the punishments prescribed above). 4. Now if he listens intentionally to (a recitation of) the Veda, his ears shall be filled with (molten) tin or lac. 5. If he recites (Vedic texts), his tongue shall be cut out. 6. If he remembers them, his body shall be split in twain. 7. If he assumes a position equal (to that of twice-born men) in sitting, in lying down, in conversation or on the road, he shall undergo (corporal) punishment. 8. A Kshatriya (shall be fined) one hundred (Karshapazas) if he abuses a Brahmaza, 9. In case of an assault, twice as much.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Haradatta thinks that the term ‘the threefold sacred science includes the fourth Veda also, because it consists chiefly of Rzkas and Yagus formulas.’ 4. Manu VII, 30-31 ; Yaghavalkya I, 354; Apastamba II, 11, 24, 18. ‘Of subdued senses, i.e. free from the (seven) vices XI, 12. THE DUTIES OF A KING. 235 panions possessing excellent qualities and by the means (for upholding his rule). 5. He shall be impartial towards his subjects ; 6. And he shall do (what is) good for them. 7. All, excepting Brahmazas, shall worship him who is seated on a higher seat, (while they themselves sit on a) lower (one). 8. The (Brahmazas), also, shall honour him. 9. He shall protect the castes and orders in accordance with justice ; 10. And those who leave (the path of) duty, he shall lead back (to it). 11. For it is declared (in the Veda) that he obtains a share of the spiritual merit (gained by his subjects). 12, And he shall select as his domestic priest (purohita) a Brahmaza who is learned (in the Vedas), of noble family, eloquent, handsome, of (a suitable) age, and of a virtuous disposition, who lives righteously and who is austere. (common among kings), i.e. sensuality, gambling, hunting, drinking, &c.—Haradatta. The means (upaya) are those mentioned by Yagfavalkya I, 345-346. 5. Manu VII, 80; Yag#avalkya I, 333. 6. ‘And he shall do what is good, i.e. dig tanks, build embankments and bridges &c. for them, i.e. his subjects. —Haradatta. 7. ‘(On a) lower (one), i.e. on the ground only.’—Haradatta. This is still the custom in native courts, where, however, Brahmamas, as a rule, must also sit on the floor. 8. ‘Honour him,’ i.e. worship him by invoking blessings on him and the like. g. Manu VII, 35. 10. YAg#avalkya I, 360. 11. Manu VIII, 304; Yag#avalkya I, 334. 12. Manu VII, 78; Yag#avalkya I, 312. Haradatta explains vAaksampanna, ‘eloquent,’ by ‘one who knows Sanskrit.’ According to the same, ‘the (suitable) age’ is the prime of life, when men 236 GAUTAMA. ‘XI, 13. 13. With his assistance he shall fulfil his religious duties, 14. For it is declared (in the Veda) : ‘ Kshatriyas, who are assisted by Brahmazas, prosper and do not fall into distress.’ 15. He shall, also, take heed of that which astrologers and interpreters of omens tell (him). 16. For some (declare), that the acquisition of wealth and security depend also upon that. 17. He shall perform in the fire of the hall the rites ensuring prosperity which are connected with expiations (s4nti), festivals, a prosperous march, long life, and auspiciousness; as well as those that are intended to cause enmity, to subdue (enemies), to destroy (them) by incantations, and to cause their misfortune. 18. Officiating priests (shall perform) the other (sacrifices) according to the precepts (of the Veda). are neither too young nor too old. ‘Austere’ is interpreted to mean ‘not given to sensual enjoyments.’ 13. Manu VII, 78. 14. Satapatha-brahmaaa IV, 1, 4, 4-6.
218. Officiating priests (shall perform) the other (sacrifices) according to the precepts (of the Veda). are neither too young nor too old. ‘Austere’ is interpreted to mean ‘not given to sensual enjoyments.’ 13. Manu VII, 78. 14. Satapatha-brahmaaa IV, 1, 4, 4-6. 17. Apastamba II, 10, 25, 4, 7. Santis, ‘expiations,’ are rites intended to avert an impending misfortune which is announced by an evil omen. ‘Festivals’ are, according to Haradatta, wedding-days and the like; ‘rites connected with auspiciousness’ are, according to the same, rites on entering a new dwelling and the like. Haradatta further remarks that, though, according to the text, the king must perform these rites, he is, in reality, only to give the necessary orders, and to furnish the means for their performance, while the Purohita is to officiate as priest. He adds, that another commentator asserts that ‘the Purohita,’ not ‘the king,’ must be taken as the subject of the sentence. 18. Manu VII, 78-79; YAgéavalkya I, 313. Haradatta says that by the ‘other’ sacrifices, both Grihya and Srauta rites are meant. I think that the latter are chiefly intended, as the Samsk4ras are included under the rites of festive days, mentioned in the preceding Sftra. XI, 25. THE DUTIES OF A KING. 237 19. His administration of justice (shall be regulated by) the Veda, the Institutes of the Sacred Law, the Angas, and the Purdma. 20. The laws of countries, castes, and families, which are not opposed to the (sacred) records, (have) also authority. 21. Cultivators, traders, herdsmen, money-lenders, and artisans (have authority to lay down rules) for their respective classes. 22. Having learned the (state of) affairs from those who (in each class) have authority (to speak he shall give) the legal decision. 23. Reasoning is a means for arriving at the truth. 24. Coming to a conclusion through that, he shall decide properly. 25. If (the evidence) is conflicting, he shall learn (the truth) from (Bréhmazas) who are well versed in 19. The Angas, i.e. the six auxiliary branches of learning mentioned above, VIII, 5. My best copy inserts ‘the Upavedas’ after the Angas. But the words upavedaA and dharmas4strdzi, ‘ the institutes of Jaw,’ are probably interpolations. For the latter are already i included by the term Anga, as part of the Kalpa. 20. Apastamba Il, 6, 15, 1; Manu VII, 203; VIII, 41, 46; Yagiiavalkya I, 342. ‘The (sacred) records, i.e. the Vedas and the rest.’— Haradatta. 22. ‘Having learned, i.e. having heard and considered, from them, i.e. from men of those classes, according to their authority, i.e. from those who in each class are authorised to give decisions, the (state of) affairs, i.e. the peculiar customs, the legal decision must be given in accordance with that which they declare to be the rule in their community.’— Haradatta.
3from those who in each class are authorised to give decisions, the (state of) affairs, i.e. the peculiar customs, the legal decision must be given in accordance with that which they declare to be the rule in their community.’— Haradatta. 23. Manu VIII, 44; XII, 105-106; Macnaghten, Mitakshara II, 8, 8. Haradatta remarks, that this Sfitra refers to the case _ where the spokesmen of a guild may be suspected of partiality. 25. Manu XII, 108-113. According to Haradatta this Stra refers to particularly difficult cases. 238 . GAUTAMA. XI, 26. the threefold sacred lore, and give his decision (accordingly). 26. For, (if he acts) thus, blessings will attend him (in this world and the next). 27. It has been declared in the Veda: ‘Brahmazas, united with Kshatriyas, uphold gods, manes, and men.’ 28. They declare, that (the word) dazda (rule or punishment) is derived from (the verb) damayati (he restrains); therefore he shall restrain those who do not restrain themselves. 29. (Men of) the (several) castes and orders who always live according to their duty enjoy after death the rewards of their works, and by virtue of a remnant of their (merit) they are born again in excellent countries, castes, and families, (endowed) with beauty, long life, learning in the Vedas, (virtuous) conduct, wealth, happiness, and wisdom. 30. Those who act in a contrary manner perish, being born again in various (evil conditions). 31. The advice of the spiritual teacher and the punishment (inflicted by the king) guard them. 32. Therefore a king and a spiritual teacher must not be reviled. CuarTer XII. 1. A Sidra who intentionally reviles twice-born men by criminal abuse, or criminally assaults them with blows, shall be deprived of the limb with which he offends. 26, Apastamba Il, 5, 11, 4- 29. Apastamba II, 5, 11, 10. 30. Apastamba II, 5,11, 11. ‘Perish, i.e. fall from one misfortune into the other.’—Haradatta. 31. Apastamba II, 5, ro, 12-16. 32. Manu VII, 8. XII. 1. Apastamba II, 10, 27, 14; Manu VIII, 270, 279-283; XIT, 9. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW. 239 2. If he has criminal intercourse with an Aryan woman, his organ shall be cut off, and all his property be confiscated. 3. If (the woman had) a protector, he shall be executed after (having undergone the punishments prescribed above). 4. Now if he listens intentionally to (a recitation of) the Veda, his ears shall be filled with (molten) tin or lac. 5. If he recites (Vedic texts), his tongue shall be cut out. 6. If he remembers them, his body shall be split in twain. 7. If he assumes a position equal (to that of twice-born men) in sitting, in lying down, in conversation or on the road, he shall undergo (corporal) punishment. 8. A Kshatriya (shall be fined) one hundred (Karshapazas) if he abuses a Brahmaza, 9. In case of an assault, twice as much.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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