Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1You would have changed all your attendants-in-waiting before I had concluded‘ The duke ordered a mat 1 See the introductory notice, vol. xxvii, pp. §1, 52. * Callery renders Zi here by ‘le Philosophe.’ Evidently there was in Confucius’ time a class of men, thus denominated, distinguished by their learning and conduct. The name first occurs in the Aau Lf. It is now used for the literati of China, the followers of Confucius, in distinction from TAoists and Buddhists, > See vol. xxvii, page 438, paragraph 3. Confucius’ ancestors belonged to the state of Sung, the representative of the ancient Yin. “ It was the custom for a ruler to change his attendants-inwaiting, so as not to overtire any. BK. XXXVIII, zO HSING. 403 to be placed for him, and Confucius took his place by his side. 3. He then said, ‘The scholar has a precious gem placed upon its mat, with which he is waiting to receive an invitation (from some ruler)'; early and late he studies with energy, waiting to be questioned. He carries in his bosom leal-heartedness and good faith, waiting to be raised (to office); he is vigorous in all his doings, waiting to be chosen(to employment) :— so does he establish his character and prepare himself (for the future). 4. ‘The scholar’s garments and cap are all fitting and becoming; he is careful in his undertakings and doings: in declining great compliments he might seem to be rude, and in regard to small compliments, hypocritical ; in great matters he has an air of dignity, and in small matters, of modesty; he seems to have a difficulty in advancing, but retires with ease and readiness ; and he has a shrinking appearance, as if wanting in power :—such is he in his external appearance. 5. ‘ The scholar, wherever he resides, ordinarily or only for a time, is grave as if he were apprehensive of difficulties; when seated or on foot, he is courteous and respectful ; in speaking, his object is, first of all, to be sincere; in acting, he wishes to be exact and correct; on the road, he does not strive about the most difficult or easiest places; in winter and summer, he does not strive about the temperature, the light and shade ; he guards against death that he may be in waiting (for whatever he may be called to); he attends well to his person that he may be * Compare Analects IX,12. The gem is the scholar’s virtue,— his character and capacities. pd2 404 THE xf xt. BK, XXXVIII. ready for action:—such are his preparations and precautions for the future. _ 6, ‘The scholar does not consider gold and jade
2The gem is the scholar’s virtue,— his character and capacities. pd2 404 THE xf xt. BK, XXXVIII. ready for action:—such are his preparations and precautions for the future. _ 6, ‘The scholar does not consider gold and jade to be precious treasures, but leal-heartedness and good faith ; he does not desire lands and territory, but considers the establishment of righteousness as his domain; he does not desire a great accumulation of wealth, but looks on many accomplishments as his riches ; it is difficult to win him, but easy to pay him; itis easy to pay him, but difficult to retain him. As he will not show himself when the time is not proper for him to do so, is it not difficult to win him ? As he will have no fellowship with what is not righteous, is it not difficult to retain him? As he must first do the work, and then take the pay, is it not easy to pay him?—such are the conditions of his close association with others. 7. ‘Though there may be offered to the scholar ' valuable articles and wealth, and though it be tried to enervate him with delights and pleasures, he sees those advantages without doing anything contrary to his sense of righteousness; though a multitude may attempt to force him (from his standpoint), and his way be stopped by force of arms, he will look death in the face without changing the principles (which) he maintains ; (he would face) birds and beasts of prey with their talons and wings, without regard to their fierceness; he would undertake to raise the heaviest tripod, without regard to his strength; he has no occasion to regret what he has done in the past, nor to make preparations for what may come to him in the future; he does not repeat any error of speech; any rumours against -him he does not pursue up to their source; he does not allow his BK, XXXVIII, ZU HSING. ~ 405 dignity to be interrupted; he does not dread to practise (beforehand) the counsels (which he gives):— such are the things in which he stands out and apart from other men. 8. (‘With the scholar friendly relations may be cultivated, but no attempt must be made to constrain him ; near association with him can be sought, but cannot be forced on him; he may be killed, but he cannot be disgraced if in his dwelling he will not be extravagant ; in his eating and drinking he will not be luxurious ; he may be gently admonished of his errors and failings, but he should not have them enumerated to him to his face :—such is his boldness and determination. 9g. ‘The scholar considers leal-heartedness and Y~ — good faith to be his coat-of-mail and helmet; propriety and righteousness to be his shield and buckler ; he walks along, bearing aloft over his head benevolence; he dwells, holding righteousness in his arms before him ; the government may be violently oppressive, but he does not change his course :— such is the way in which he maintains himself.
3_ 10. ‘The scholar may have a house in (only) a mAu of ground,—a (poor) dwelling each of whose (surrounding) walls is (only) ten paces long, with an outer door of thorns and bamboos, and openings in the wall, long and pointed; within, the inner door stopped up by brushwood, and little round windows like the mouth of a jar’; the inmates may have to 1 This is a picture of squalid poverty, in which it is not easy to understand all the details without a discussion of the force of the Chinese characters, on which it is impossible to enter here. With all the discussion which they have received from the critics, there are still difficulties in interpreting the paragraph, 406 THE Li xf." BK. XXXVILI. exchange garments when they go out; they may have to make one day's food serve for two days; if the ruler respond to him, he does not dare to have any hesitation (in accepting office); if he do not respond, he does not have recourse to flattery :— such is he in the matter of taking office, (however small). 11. ‘The scholar lives and has his associations with men of the present day, but the men of antiquity are the subjects of his study. Following their (principles and example) in the present age, he will become a pattern in future ages. If it should be that his own age does not understand and encourage him, that those above him do not bring him, and those below him do not push him, forward, or even that calumniators and flatterers band together to put him in danger, his person may be placed in peril, but his aim cannot be taken from him. Though danger may threaten him in his undertakings and wherever he is, he will still pursue his aim, and never forget the afflictions of the people, (which he would relieve):—such is the anxiety which he cherishes. _. 142, ‘The scholar learns extensively, but never allows his researches to come to an end; he does what he does with all his might, but is never weary; he may be living unnoticed, but does not give way to licentiousness ; he may be having free course in his acknowledged position, but is not hampered (by it) ; in his practice of ceremonial usages he shows the value which he sets on a natural ease; in the excellence of his leal-heartedness and good faith, he acts under the law of a benignant playfulness ; he shows his fond regard for men of virtue and ability, and yet BK. XXXVIII. z0 HSING. 407 is forbearing and kind to all; he (is like a potter who) breaks his square (mould), and his tiles are found to fit together :—such is the largeness and generosity of his spirit.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1You would have changed all your attendants-in-waiting before I had concluded‘ The duke ordered a mat 1 See the introductory notice, vol. xxvii, pp. §1, 52. * Callery renders Zi here by ‘le Philosophe.’ Evidently there was in Confucius’ time a class of men, thus denominated, distinguished by their learning and conduct. The name first occurs in the Aau Lf. It is now used for the literati of China, the followers of Confucius, in distinction from TAoists and Buddhists, > See vol. xxvii, page 438, paragraph 3. Confucius’ ancestors belonged to the state of Sung, the representative of the ancient Yin. “ It was the custom for a ruler to change his attendants-inwaiting, so as not to overtire any. BK. XXXVIII, zO HSING. 403 to be placed for him, and Confucius took his place by his side. 3. He then said, ‘The scholar has a precious gem placed upon its mat, with which he is waiting to receive an invitation (from some ruler)'; early and late he studies with energy, waiting to be questioned. He carries in his bosom leal-heartedness and good faith, waiting to be raised (to office); he is vigorous in all his doings, waiting to be chosen(to employment) :— so does he establish his character and prepare himself (for the future). 4. ‘The scholar’s garments and cap are all fitting and becoming; he is careful in his undertakings and doings: in declining great compliments he might seem to be rude, and in regard to small compliments, hypocritical ; in great matters he has an air of dignity, and in small matters, of modesty; he seems to have a difficulty in advancing, but retires with ease and readiness ; and he has a shrinking appearance, as if wanting in power :—such is he in his external appearance. 5. ‘ The scholar, wherever he resides, ordinarily or only for a time, is grave as if he were apprehensive of difficulties; when seated or on foot, he is courteous and respectful ; in speaking, his object is, first of all, to be sincere; in acting, he wishes to be exact and correct; on the road, he does not strive about the most difficult or easiest places; in winter and summer, he does not strive about the temperature, the light and shade ; he guards against death that he may be in waiting (for whatever he may be called to); he attends well to his person that he may be * Compare Analects IX,12. The gem is the scholar’s virtue,— his character and capacities. pd2 404 THE xf xt. BK, XXXVIII. ready for action:—such are his preparations and precautions for the future. _ 6, ‘The scholar does not consider gold and jade
2The gem is the scholar’s virtue,— his character and capacities. pd2 404 THE xf xt. BK, XXXVIII. ready for action:—such are his preparations and precautions for the future. _ 6, ‘The scholar does not consider gold and jade to be precious treasures, but leal-heartedness and good faith ; he does not desire lands and territory, but considers the establishment of righteousness as his domain; he does not desire a great accumulation of wealth, but looks on many accomplishments as his riches ; it is difficult to win him, but easy to pay him; itis easy to pay him, but difficult to retain him. As he will not show himself when the time is not proper for him to do so, is it not difficult to win him ? As he will have no fellowship with what is not righteous, is it not difficult to retain him? As he must first do the work, and then take the pay, is it not easy to pay him?—such are the conditions of his close association with others. 7. ‘Though there may be offered to the scholar ' valuable articles and wealth, and though it be tried to enervate him with delights and pleasures, he sees those advantages without doing anything contrary to his sense of righteousness; though a multitude may attempt to force him (from his standpoint), and his way be stopped by force of arms, he will look death in the face without changing the principles (which) he maintains ; (he would face) birds and beasts of prey with their talons and wings, without regard to their fierceness; he would undertake to raise the heaviest tripod, without regard to his strength; he has no occasion to regret what he has done in the past, nor to make preparations for what may come to him in the future; he does not repeat any error of speech; any rumours against -him he does not pursue up to their source; he does not allow his BK, XXXVIII, ZU HSING. ~ 405 dignity to be interrupted; he does not dread to practise (beforehand) the counsels (which he gives):— such are the things in which he stands out and apart from other men. 8. (‘With the scholar friendly relations may be cultivated, but no attempt must be made to constrain him ; near association with him can be sought, but cannot be forced on him; he may be killed, but he cannot be disgraced if in his dwelling he will not be extravagant ; in his eating and drinking he will not be luxurious ; he may be gently admonished of his errors and failings, but he should not have them enumerated to him to his face :—such is his boldness and determination. 9g. ‘The scholar considers leal-heartedness and Y~ — good faith to be his coat-of-mail and helmet; propriety and righteousness to be his shield and buckler ; he walks along, bearing aloft over his head benevolence; he dwells, holding righteousness in his arms before him ; the government may be violently oppressive, but he does not change his course :— such is the way in which he maintains himself.
3_ 10. ‘The scholar may have a house in (only) a mAu of ground,—a (poor) dwelling each of whose (surrounding) walls is (only) ten paces long, with an outer door of thorns and bamboos, and openings in the wall, long and pointed; within, the inner door stopped up by brushwood, and little round windows like the mouth of a jar’; the inmates may have to 1 This is a picture of squalid poverty, in which it is not easy to understand all the details without a discussion of the force of the Chinese characters, on which it is impossible to enter here. With all the discussion which they have received from the critics, there are still difficulties in interpreting the paragraph, 406 THE Li xf." BK. XXXVILI. exchange garments when they go out; they may have to make one day's food serve for two days; if the ruler respond to him, he does not dare to have any hesitation (in accepting office); if he do not respond, he does not have recourse to flattery :— such is he in the matter of taking office, (however small). 11. ‘The scholar lives and has his associations with men of the present day, but the men of antiquity are the subjects of his study. Following their (principles and example) in the present age, he will become a pattern in future ages. If it should be that his own age does not understand and encourage him, that those above him do not bring him, and those below him do not push him, forward, or even that calumniators and flatterers band together to put him in danger, his person may be placed in peril, but his aim cannot be taken from him. Though danger may threaten him in his undertakings and wherever he is, he will still pursue his aim, and never forget the afflictions of the people, (which he would relieve):—such is the anxiety which he cherishes. _. 142, ‘The scholar learns extensively, but never allows his researches to come to an end; he does what he does with all his might, but is never weary; he may be living unnoticed, but does not give way to licentiousness ; he may be having free course in his acknowledged position, but is not hampered (by it) ; in his practice of ceremonial usages he shows the value which he sets on a natural ease; in the excellence of his leal-heartedness and good faith, he acts under the law of a benignant playfulness ; he shows his fond regard for men of virtue and ability, and yet BK. XXXVIII. z0 HSING. 407 is forbearing and kind to all; he (is like a potter who) breaks his square (mould), and his tiles are found to fit together :—such is the largeness and generosity of his spirit.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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