Fetching
One moment.
Fetching
One moment.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
110. They declare that the condition of a Pérasava is that of one who, though living, is (as impure) as a corpse. I 11. Some call that Sidra race a burial-ground. ' 12. Therefore (the Veda) must not be recited in the presence of a Stidra. 13. Now they quote also the (following) verses, which Yama proclaimed : ‘The wicked Sfidra-race is manifestly a burialground. Therefore (the Veda) must never be recited in the presence of a Sédra.’ 14. ‘Let him not give advice to a Sddra, nor what remains from his table, nor (remnants of) offerings (to the gods); nor let him explain the holy law to such a man, nor order him (to perform) a penance.’ 15. ‘He who declares the law to such a man, and he who instructs him in (the mode of) expiating (sin), sinks together with that very man into the dreadful hell, (called) Asamvrita.’ 16. ‘If ever a worm is produced in an open wound (on his body), he shall purify himself by the Prag4patya penance, and give gold, a cow, (and) a garment as presents (to Brahmamas),’ 8. Gautama IV, 16. to. I omit the words sava iti mrdtikhy4, ‘a corpse is another name for one who has died,’ as an interpolation. 11. Apastamba I, 3, 9, 9. 12, Vishwu XXX, 14. 14-15. Identical with Manu IV, 80-81. 16, A Pragapatya penance, i.e. a Krikkhra, see below, XXI, 20. 96 VASISHTHA. XVIII, 17. 17. Let him not approach a wife of the Sidra caste after he has built the fire-altar for a Srautasacrifice, 18. For a Sfidra-wife who belongs to the black race, (is espoused) for pleasure, not in order to fulfil the law. Cuapter XIX, 1. The particular duty of a king is to protect (all) beings; by fulfilling it (he obtains) success (in this world and in the next). 2. Those learned (in the sacred law) declare that to be free from fear and pity is, indeed, a life-long sacrificial session (sattra, to be performed by the king). 3. Therefore let him appoint a domestic priest to (perform the rites) obligatory on the order of householders. 4. It is declared in the Veda, ‘A realm where a Brahmaza is appointed domestic priest, prospers ;’ 5. For thus both (the special duties of a king and those of a householder) will be fulfilled, 6. And (the king alone is) unable (to do both). 7. Let the king, paying attention to all the laws of countries, (subdivisions of) castes (gati) and families, make the four castes (varza) fulfil their (respective) particular duties. The verse belongs rather to the section on penances, and seems to have been entered here merely because it stood in Yama’s text with the other two, and the author, to use a homely Indian comparison, ‘did not disdain to catch a fish, though he went to fetch water.’ XIX. 1. Vishau III, 2. 2. Manu VIII, 306. 3. Vishzu III, 70. 4. Gautama XI, 14. 4. Vishau III, 3; Gautama XI, 20. XIX, 15. DUTIES OF A KING. 97 8. Let him punish those who stray from (the path of duty).
21. Vishau III, 2. 2. Manu VIII, 306. 3. Vishzu III, 70. 4. Gautama XI, 14. 4. Vishau III, 3; Gautama XI, 20. XIX, 15. DUTIES OF A KING. 97 8. Let him punish those who stray from (the path of duty). 9. But punishment must be awarded in cases of assault and abuse after (due consideration of) the particular place and time (where and when the offence was committed), of the duties, age, learning (of the parties), and the seat (of the injury), 10. In accordance with (the precepts of) the (sacred) records and with precedents. 11. Let him not injure trees that bear fruit or flowers. 12. (But) he may injure them in order to extend cultivation and (for sacrifices). 13. The measures and weights of objects necessary for households must be guarded (against falsification). 14. Let him not take property for his own use from (the inhabitants of) his realm. 15. The measures and price (of such property) only shall be liable to deductions (in the shape of taxes). 8. Vishau III, 37. g. Gautama XII, 51. Krishnapandita has two Sfitras instead of one, and reads the second himsakrosayohk kalpak. The majority of the MSS. have, however, kalp4(#), which I consider to be a mistake for kalpyaA, ‘must be awarded.’ 11. Vishzu V, 55-56. The meaning of the Sitra is that the king is to punish those who commit such acts. 12. The explicit permission to cut down trees for sacrificial purposes is given Vishwu LI, 63. 13. Manu VIII, 403. 14-15. The translation of these two Sfitras is not certain, because the words nthara and naiharika are not found elsewhere in the sense which has been attributed to them here. Still I think it very probable that Kréshnapandita’s explanation nirhara and nirhare sdhu is right, and that the king is exhorted not to take the property of his subjects by force, but to levy taxes according to the value or the measure of the articles sold. [14] . H 98 VASISHTHA. XIX, 16. 17. On the march against the enemy the army which consists of companies of ten, shall be able to perform a double (duty). 18. In every (camp) there shall be places where water is distributed. 19. Let him make one hundred men at the least engage in battle. 20. The wives (of slain soldiers) shall be provided for. 22. A ferry shall be taken away (from a river) in which there is no water. 23. A Srotriya is free from taxes, (and so are) a servant of the king, one who has no protector, 16. The Sftra has been left out, as the text is corrupt, and I am unable to suggest any emendation. Kvrishnapandita’s explanation is not worth giving.
323. A Srotriya is free from taxes, (and so are) a servant of the king, one who has no protector, 16. The Sftra has been left out, as the text is corrupt, and I am unable to suggest any emendation. Kvrishnapandita’s explanation is not worth giving. 17. ‘The army which consists of companies of ten,’ i.e. the lowest subdivision of which consists of ten parts, viz. one elephant, one chariot, two horsemen, and three foot soldiers. Such a body is called a patti. The larger divisions, like the senédmukha, ‘battalion,’ &c., are formed by three, nine, or twenty-seven pattis. Though I am unable to adduce any positive proof for it, vaha must, according to the connexion in which it stands, be a synonym of patti. ‘The double duty ’ of the army is, according to Krishnapandita, marching and fighting. 21. The Sitra is utterly corrupt, and cannot be restored with the help of the MSS. at my disposal. It probably referred to the amount of duties to be levied on goods sold in the market. 22. The meaning of the Sfitra seems to be, that on those rivers, where the water either runs off or is very low during the dry season, the ferrymen must not be allowed to exact a toll from people crossing without their help. Such a rule would not be superfluous, as most Indian rivers are perfectly fordable between December and June, but impassable without boats in the other five months. 23. Apastamba II, 10, 26, 10,12-17; Manu VIII, 394. Kréshaa- XIX, 29. DUTIES OF A KING, 99 one who has left (the order of householders), an infant, a very aged man, a young man (who studies), and pradatas ; 24. (Moreover widows). who return to their former (family), unmarried maidens, and the wives of servants, 25. He who swims with his arms (across a river in order to escape payment of a toll at a ferry) shall pay one hundred times (the amount due). 26. No taxes (shall be paid) on the usufruct of rivers, dry grass, forests, (places of) combustion, and mountains ; 27. Or those who draw their subsistence from them may pay (something), 28. But he shall take a monthly tax from artisans. 29. And when a king has died, let him give what is required for the occasion. pandita correctly points out that, though according to I, 43, all Brahmaaas are to be free from taxes, the Srotriya or Vaidik is mentioned once more in order to show that a king, however distressed, must not take anything from him (Manu VII, 133). Krishnapandita reads instead of prad&t&s, prad4tara, ‘very liberal men.’ Manu loc. cit. exempts ‘those who confer great benefits on priests of eminent learning’ from paying taxes. His emendation would, therefore, be acceptable if the word pradat&/ did not occur in the same connexion above, XJ, 7. 24. Apastamba II, ro, 26, 11. 25. I read with the majority of the MSS. bahubhyA4muttarafithatagunam dadyat.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
110. They declare that the condition of a Pérasava is that of one who, though living, is (as impure) as a corpse. I 11. Some call that Sidra race a burial-ground. ' 12. Therefore (the Veda) must not be recited in the presence of a Stidra. 13. Now they quote also the (following) verses, which Yama proclaimed : ‘The wicked Sfidra-race is manifestly a burialground. Therefore (the Veda) must never be recited in the presence of a Sédra.’ 14. ‘Let him not give advice to a Sddra, nor what remains from his table, nor (remnants of) offerings (to the gods); nor let him explain the holy law to such a man, nor order him (to perform) a penance.’ 15. ‘He who declares the law to such a man, and he who instructs him in (the mode of) expiating (sin), sinks together with that very man into the dreadful hell, (called) Asamvrita.’ 16. ‘If ever a worm is produced in an open wound (on his body), he shall purify himself by the Prag4patya penance, and give gold, a cow, (and) a garment as presents (to Brahmamas),’ 8. Gautama IV, 16. to. I omit the words sava iti mrdtikhy4, ‘a corpse is another name for one who has died,’ as an interpolation. 11. Apastamba I, 3, 9, 9. 12, Vishwu XXX, 14. 14-15. Identical with Manu IV, 80-81. 16, A Pragapatya penance, i.e. a Krikkhra, see below, XXI, 20. 96 VASISHTHA. XVIII, 17. 17. Let him not approach a wife of the Sidra caste after he has built the fire-altar for a Srautasacrifice, 18. For a Sfidra-wife who belongs to the black race, (is espoused) for pleasure, not in order to fulfil the law. Cuapter XIX, 1. The particular duty of a king is to protect (all) beings; by fulfilling it (he obtains) success (in this world and in the next). 2. Those learned (in the sacred law) declare that to be free from fear and pity is, indeed, a life-long sacrificial session (sattra, to be performed by the king). 3. Therefore let him appoint a domestic priest to (perform the rites) obligatory on the order of householders. 4. It is declared in the Veda, ‘A realm where a Brahmaza is appointed domestic priest, prospers ;’ 5. For thus both (the special duties of a king and those of a householder) will be fulfilled, 6. And (the king alone is) unable (to do both). 7. Let the king, paying attention to all the laws of countries, (subdivisions of) castes (gati) and families, make the four castes (varza) fulfil their (respective) particular duties. The verse belongs rather to the section on penances, and seems to have been entered here merely because it stood in Yama’s text with the other two, and the author, to use a homely Indian comparison, ‘did not disdain to catch a fish, though he went to fetch water.’ XIX. 1. Vishau III, 2. 2. Manu VIII, 306. 3. Vishzu III, 70. 4. Gautama XI, 14. 4. Vishau III, 3; Gautama XI, 20. XIX, 15. DUTIES OF A KING. 97 8. Let him punish those who stray from (the path of duty).
21. Vishau III, 2. 2. Manu VIII, 306. 3. Vishzu III, 70. 4. Gautama XI, 14. 4. Vishau III, 3; Gautama XI, 20. XIX, 15. DUTIES OF A KING. 97 8. Let him punish those who stray from (the path of duty). 9. But punishment must be awarded in cases of assault and abuse after (due consideration of) the particular place and time (where and when the offence was committed), of the duties, age, learning (of the parties), and the seat (of the injury), 10. In accordance with (the precepts of) the (sacred) records and with precedents. 11. Let him not injure trees that bear fruit or flowers. 12. (But) he may injure them in order to extend cultivation and (for sacrifices). 13. The measures and weights of objects necessary for households must be guarded (against falsification). 14. Let him not take property for his own use from (the inhabitants of) his realm. 15. The measures and price (of such property) only shall be liable to deductions (in the shape of taxes). 8. Vishau III, 37. g. Gautama XII, 51. Krishnapandita has two Sfitras instead of one, and reads the second himsakrosayohk kalpak. The majority of the MSS. have, however, kalp4(#), which I consider to be a mistake for kalpyaA, ‘must be awarded.’ 11. Vishzu V, 55-56. The meaning of the Sitra is that the king is to punish those who commit such acts. 12. The explicit permission to cut down trees for sacrificial purposes is given Vishwu LI, 63. 13. Manu VIII, 403. 14-15. The translation of these two Sfitras is not certain, because the words nthara and naiharika are not found elsewhere in the sense which has been attributed to them here. Still I think it very probable that Kréshnapandita’s explanation nirhara and nirhare sdhu is right, and that the king is exhorted not to take the property of his subjects by force, but to levy taxes according to the value or the measure of the articles sold. [14] . H 98 VASISHTHA. XIX, 16. 17. On the march against the enemy the army which consists of companies of ten, shall be able to perform a double (duty). 18. In every (camp) there shall be places where water is distributed. 19. Let him make one hundred men at the least engage in battle. 20. The wives (of slain soldiers) shall be provided for. 22. A ferry shall be taken away (from a river) in which there is no water. 23. A Srotriya is free from taxes, (and so are) a servant of the king, one who has no protector, 16. The Sftra has been left out, as the text is corrupt, and I am unable to suggest any emendation. Kvrishnapandita’s explanation is not worth giving.
323. A Srotriya is free from taxes, (and so are) a servant of the king, one who has no protector, 16. The Sftra has been left out, as the text is corrupt, and I am unable to suggest any emendation. Kvrishnapandita’s explanation is not worth giving. 17. ‘The army which consists of companies of ten,’ i.e. the lowest subdivision of which consists of ten parts, viz. one elephant, one chariot, two horsemen, and three foot soldiers. Such a body is called a patti. The larger divisions, like the senédmukha, ‘battalion,’ &c., are formed by three, nine, or twenty-seven pattis. Though I am unable to adduce any positive proof for it, vaha must, according to the connexion in which it stands, be a synonym of patti. ‘The double duty ’ of the army is, according to Krishnapandita, marching and fighting. 21. The Sitra is utterly corrupt, and cannot be restored with the help of the MSS. at my disposal. It probably referred to the amount of duties to be levied on goods sold in the market. 22. The meaning of the Sfitra seems to be, that on those rivers, where the water either runs off or is very low during the dry season, the ferrymen must not be allowed to exact a toll from people crossing without their help. Such a rule would not be superfluous, as most Indian rivers are perfectly fordable between December and June, but impassable without boats in the other five months. 23. Apastamba II, 10, 26, 10,12-17; Manu VIII, 394. Kréshaa- XIX, 29. DUTIES OF A KING, 99 one who has left (the order of householders), an infant, a very aged man, a young man (who studies), and pradatas ; 24. (Moreover widows). who return to their former (family), unmarried maidens, and the wives of servants, 25. He who swims with his arms (across a river in order to escape payment of a toll at a ferry) shall pay one hundred times (the amount due). 26. No taxes (shall be paid) on the usufruct of rivers, dry grass, forests, (places of) combustion, and mountains ; 27. Or those who draw their subsistence from them may pay (something), 28. But he shall take a monthly tax from artisans. 29. And when a king has died, let him give what is required for the occasion. pandita correctly points out that, though according to I, 43, all Brahmaaas are to be free from taxes, the Srotriya or Vaidik is mentioned once more in order to show that a king, however distressed, must not take anything from him (Manu VII, 133). Krishnapandita reads instead of prad&t&s, prad4tara, ‘very liberal men.’ Manu loc. cit. exempts ‘those who confer great benefits on priests of eminent learning’ from paying taxes. His emendation would, therefore, be acceptable if the word pradat&/ did not occur in the same connexion above, XJ, 7. 24. Apastamba II, ro, 26, 11. 25. I read with the majority of the MSS. bahubhyA4muttarafithatagunam dadyat.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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