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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
112. Near new-built houses (and) other things (of the same description there shall be) a passage three feet broad. 13. In a dispute about a house or a field, reliance (may be placed on the depositions of) neighbours. 14.’ If the statements of the neighbours disagree, documents (may be taken as) proof. the infant children of a hostile king who has been conquered and slain. It is, however, not improbable that it has a wider sense, and exhorts the king to look after the property of the children of his predecessor and of deceased feudal barons. 8-9. Gautama X, 48; Vishau III, 65. to. YAgwavalkya II, 22. 11. Krishnvapandita quotes in illustration of this Sfitra the following passage of Sankha and Likhita: ‘In a field through which (there is a right of) road, (space) for the road must be set apart, and on the king’s high-road a space sufficient for turning a chariot.’ 12. Arthantareshu, ‘near other things (of the same description),’ means, according to Kr:shzapandita, ‘near pleasure-gardens and the like.’ No doubt, buildings of all kinds, fenced or walled gardens, and so forth are meant. I read tripadamatram. 13. Manu VIII, 258, 262; Yagmavalkya II, 150, 152, 154. XVI, 20. LEGAL PROCEDURE. 81 15. Ifconflicting documents are produced, reliance (may be placed) on (the statements of) aged (inhabitants) of the village or town, and on (those of) guilds and corporations (of artisans or traders). 16. Now they quote also (the following verse) : ‘Property inherited from a father, a thing bought, a pledge, property given to a wife after marriage by her husband’s family, a gift, property obtained for performing a sacrifice, the property of reunited coparceners, and wages as the eighth.’ 17. Whatever belonging to these (eight kinds of property) has been enjoyed (by another person) for ten years continuously (is lost to the owner). 18. They quote also (a verse) on the other side: ‘A pledge, a boundary, and the property of minors, an (open) deposit, a sealed deposit, women, the property of a king, (and) the wealth of a Srotriya are not lost by being enjoyed (by others).’ 19. Property entirely given up (by its owner) goes to the king. 20. If it be otherwise, the king with his ministers and the citizens shall administer it. 15. Manu VIII, 259. 16. In translating anvadheya by ‘property given to a wife by her husband or his family after marriage,’ I have followed Krzshnapandita’s explanation. It may, however, mean also ‘a deposit to be delivered to a third person’ (anvahita or anvadhi). Pratigraha, ‘a gift,’ is elsewhere explained as ‘property promised, but not actually given.’ 17. YAgiavalkya II, 24; see also Vishnu V, 187; Manu VIII, 148. 18. Identical with Manu VIII, 149; Yagfavalkya II, 25. 1g. Manu VIII, 30. 20. ‘If it be otherwise,’ i.e. if the owner gave his property up temporarily only, e. g. went on a journey or a pilgrimage, leaving it without anybody to take care of. [14] G 82 VASISHTHA. XVI, 21.
218. Identical with Manu VIII, 149; Yagfavalkya II, 25. 1g. Manu VIII, 30. 20. ‘If it be otherwise,’ i.e. if the owner gave his property up temporarily only, e. g. went on a journey or a pilgrimage, leaving it without anybody to take care of. [14] G 82 VASISHTHA. XVI, 21. 21, A king will be superior even to Brahman if I he lives surrounded by servants (who are keen-eyed) like vultures. 22. But a king will not be exalted if he lives sur- / rounded by servants (who are greedy) like vultures. 23. Let him live surrounded by servants (who are keen-eyed) like vultures, let him not be a vulture surrounded by vultures. 24. For through his servants blemishes become manifest (in his kingdom), 25. (Such as) theft, robbery, oppression, and (so forth). 26. Therefore let him question his servants beforehand. 27. Now (follow the rules regarding) witnesses : 28, Srotriyas, men of unblemished form, of good character, men who are holy and love truth (are fit to be) witnesses, 29. Or (men of) any (caste may give evidence) regarding (men of) any (other caste). 30. Let him make women witnesses regarding women; for twice-born men twice-born men of the same caste (shall be witnesses), and good Sfidras for Sfidras, and men of low birth for low-caste men. 31. Now they quote also (the following verse): ‘A son need not pay money due by a surety, anything idly promised, money due for losses at play or for spirituous liquor, nor what remains unpaid of a fine or a toll.’ 32. ‘Depose, O witness, according to the truth ; expecting thy answer, thy ancestors hang in suspense; 28. Vishvu VIII, 8; Yagavalkya II, 68; Manu VIII, 62-63. 2g. VAgiiavalkya II, 69. 30. Manu VIII, 68. 31. Vishvu VI, 41; Manu VIII, 159; YAgfavalkya II, 47. XVI, 36. LEGAL PROCEDURE. (in accordance with its truth or falsehood) they will rise (to heaven) or fall (into hell).’ 33. ‘Naked and shorn, tormented with hunger and thirst, and deprived of sight shall the man who gives false evidence go with a potsherd to beg food at the door of his enemy.’ 34. ‘He kills five by false testimony regarding a maiden; he kills ten by false testimony regarding kine; he kills a hundred by false evidence regarding a horse, and a thousand by false evidence regarding a man,’ 35. (Men) may speak an untruth at the time of marriage, during dalliance, when their lives are in danger or the loss of their whole property is imminent, and for the sake of a Brdhmaza; they declare that an untruth spoken in these five cases does not make (the speaker) an outcast. 36. Those who give partial evidence in a judicial proceeding for the sake of a relative or for money, deprive the ancestors of their spiritual family and those of their natural family of their place in heaven. 33. Identical with Manu VIII, 93. 34. Identical with Manu VIII, 98. Regarding the explanation of the words ‘he kills, see Manu VIII, 97, and Haradatta on Gautama XIII, 14.
333. Identical with Manu VIII, 93. 34. Identical with Manu VIII, 98. Regarding the explanation of the words ‘he kills, see Manu VIII, 97, and Haradatta on Gautama XIII, 14. 35. Gautama XXIII, 29. Between this and the preceding Sftras the MSS. as well as Krishvapandita insert another one, which is so corrupt that I am unable to translate it. Kvrishnapandita’s explanation is opposed to all rules of interpretation, and not worth giving. 36. This verse, too, is corrupt, though the general sense is not doubtful. I read svaganasy4rthe yadi varthahetoh pakshasrayenaiva vadanti karyam—te sabdavamsasya kulasya pfirvan svargasthitamstanapi patayanti. ‘The ancestors of their spiritual family,’ i. e. the teacher, the teacher’s teacher, and so forth. G2 84 VASISHTHA. XVII, 1. CuapTer XVII. 1. The father throws his debts on the (son) and obtains immortality if he sees the face of a living son. 2. It is declared in the Veda, ‘Endless are the worlds of those who have sons; there is no place for the man who is destitute of male offspring.’ 3. There is a curse (in the Veda), ‘May our enemies be destitute of offspring.’ 4. There is also (the following) passage of the Veda, ‘May I obtain, O Agni, immortality by offspring.’ 5. ‘ Through a son he conquers the worlds, through a grandson he obtains immortality, but through his son’s grandson he gains the world of the sun.’ 6. There is a dispute (among the wise; some say), ‘The son belongs to the husband of the wife;’ (and some say), ‘ The son belongs to the begetter.’ 7. With respect to this (matter) they quote also on both sides verses like the following : 8. (Some say), ‘If (one man’s) bull were to beget a hundred calves on another man’s cows, they would belong to the owner of the cows; in vain would the bull have spent his strength.’ XVII. 1. Identical with Vishvu XV, 45; Manu IX, 107; Colebrooke V, Dig. CCCIV. 2. The latter part of the quotation occurs Aitareya-brahmaza VII, 3, 9. 3. Rig-veda I, 21, 5. Rig-veda V, 4, 10; Taittiriya-samhita I, 4, 46, 1. Identical with Manu IX, 137, and Vishau XV, 46. The same point is argued Manu IX, 31-56. Identical with Manu IX, 50. PaAms XVII, 15. INHERITANCE. 85 g. (Others say), ‘Carefully watch the procreation of your offspring, lest strangers sow seed on your soil; in the next world the son belongs to the begetter; (by carelessness) a husband makes (the possession of) offspring in vain.’ 10. If amongst many brothers who are begotten by one father, one have a son, they all have offspring through that son; thus says the Veda. 11. If among many wives of one husband, one have a son, they all have offspring through that son; thus says the Veda. 12. Twelve (kinds of) sons only are noticed by the ancients. 13. The first (among these is the son) begotten by the husband himself on his legally married wife. 14. The second is the son of a wife (who is begotten) on failure of the (first) on a (wife or widow duly) authorised (thereto, by a kinsman).
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
112. Near new-built houses (and) other things (of the same description there shall be) a passage three feet broad. 13. In a dispute about a house or a field, reliance (may be placed on the depositions of) neighbours. 14.’ If the statements of the neighbours disagree, documents (may be taken as) proof. the infant children of a hostile king who has been conquered and slain. It is, however, not improbable that it has a wider sense, and exhorts the king to look after the property of the children of his predecessor and of deceased feudal barons. 8-9. Gautama X, 48; Vishau III, 65. to. YAgwavalkya II, 22. 11. Krishnvapandita quotes in illustration of this Sfitra the following passage of Sankha and Likhita: ‘In a field through which (there is a right of) road, (space) for the road must be set apart, and on the king’s high-road a space sufficient for turning a chariot.’ 12. Arthantareshu, ‘near other things (of the same description),’ means, according to Kr:shzapandita, ‘near pleasure-gardens and the like.’ No doubt, buildings of all kinds, fenced or walled gardens, and so forth are meant. I read tripadamatram. 13. Manu VIII, 258, 262; Yagmavalkya II, 150, 152, 154. XVI, 20. LEGAL PROCEDURE. 81 15. Ifconflicting documents are produced, reliance (may be placed) on (the statements of) aged (inhabitants) of the village or town, and on (those of) guilds and corporations (of artisans or traders). 16. Now they quote also (the following verse) : ‘Property inherited from a father, a thing bought, a pledge, property given to a wife after marriage by her husband’s family, a gift, property obtained for performing a sacrifice, the property of reunited coparceners, and wages as the eighth.’ 17. Whatever belonging to these (eight kinds of property) has been enjoyed (by another person) for ten years continuously (is lost to the owner). 18. They quote also (a verse) on the other side: ‘A pledge, a boundary, and the property of minors, an (open) deposit, a sealed deposit, women, the property of a king, (and) the wealth of a Srotriya are not lost by being enjoyed (by others).’ 19. Property entirely given up (by its owner) goes to the king. 20. If it be otherwise, the king with his ministers and the citizens shall administer it. 15. Manu VIII, 259. 16. In translating anvadheya by ‘property given to a wife by her husband or his family after marriage,’ I have followed Krzshnapandita’s explanation. It may, however, mean also ‘a deposit to be delivered to a third person’ (anvahita or anvadhi). Pratigraha, ‘a gift,’ is elsewhere explained as ‘property promised, but not actually given.’ 17. YAgiavalkya II, 24; see also Vishnu V, 187; Manu VIII, 148. 18. Identical with Manu VIII, 149; Yagfavalkya II, 25. 1g. Manu VIII, 30. 20. ‘If it be otherwise,’ i.e. if the owner gave his property up temporarily only, e. g. went on a journey or a pilgrimage, leaving it without anybody to take care of. [14] G 82 VASISHTHA. XVI, 21.
218. Identical with Manu VIII, 149; Yagfavalkya II, 25. 1g. Manu VIII, 30. 20. ‘If it be otherwise,’ i.e. if the owner gave his property up temporarily only, e. g. went on a journey or a pilgrimage, leaving it without anybody to take care of. [14] G 82 VASISHTHA. XVI, 21. 21, A king will be superior even to Brahman if I he lives surrounded by servants (who are keen-eyed) like vultures. 22. But a king will not be exalted if he lives sur- / rounded by servants (who are greedy) like vultures. 23. Let him live surrounded by servants (who are keen-eyed) like vultures, let him not be a vulture surrounded by vultures. 24. For through his servants blemishes become manifest (in his kingdom), 25. (Such as) theft, robbery, oppression, and (so forth). 26. Therefore let him question his servants beforehand. 27. Now (follow the rules regarding) witnesses : 28, Srotriyas, men of unblemished form, of good character, men who are holy and love truth (are fit to be) witnesses, 29. Or (men of) any (caste may give evidence) regarding (men of) any (other caste). 30. Let him make women witnesses regarding women; for twice-born men twice-born men of the same caste (shall be witnesses), and good Sfidras for Sfidras, and men of low birth for low-caste men. 31. Now they quote also (the following verse): ‘A son need not pay money due by a surety, anything idly promised, money due for losses at play or for spirituous liquor, nor what remains unpaid of a fine or a toll.’ 32. ‘Depose, O witness, according to the truth ; expecting thy answer, thy ancestors hang in suspense; 28. Vishvu VIII, 8; Yagavalkya II, 68; Manu VIII, 62-63. 2g. VAgiiavalkya II, 69. 30. Manu VIII, 68. 31. Vishvu VI, 41; Manu VIII, 159; YAgfavalkya II, 47. XVI, 36. LEGAL PROCEDURE. (in accordance with its truth or falsehood) they will rise (to heaven) or fall (into hell).’ 33. ‘Naked and shorn, tormented with hunger and thirst, and deprived of sight shall the man who gives false evidence go with a potsherd to beg food at the door of his enemy.’ 34. ‘He kills five by false testimony regarding a maiden; he kills ten by false testimony regarding kine; he kills a hundred by false evidence regarding a horse, and a thousand by false evidence regarding a man,’ 35. (Men) may speak an untruth at the time of marriage, during dalliance, when their lives are in danger or the loss of their whole property is imminent, and for the sake of a Brdhmaza; they declare that an untruth spoken in these five cases does not make (the speaker) an outcast. 36. Those who give partial evidence in a judicial proceeding for the sake of a relative or for money, deprive the ancestors of their spiritual family and those of their natural family of their place in heaven. 33. Identical with Manu VIII, 93. 34. Identical with Manu VIII, 98. Regarding the explanation of the words ‘he kills, see Manu VIII, 97, and Haradatta on Gautama XIII, 14.
333. Identical with Manu VIII, 93. 34. Identical with Manu VIII, 98. Regarding the explanation of the words ‘he kills, see Manu VIII, 97, and Haradatta on Gautama XIII, 14. 35. Gautama XXIII, 29. Between this and the preceding Sftras the MSS. as well as Krishvapandita insert another one, which is so corrupt that I am unable to translate it. Kvrishnapandita’s explanation is opposed to all rules of interpretation, and not worth giving. 36. This verse, too, is corrupt, though the general sense is not doubtful. I read svaganasy4rthe yadi varthahetoh pakshasrayenaiva vadanti karyam—te sabdavamsasya kulasya pfirvan svargasthitamstanapi patayanti. ‘The ancestors of their spiritual family,’ i. e. the teacher, the teacher’s teacher, and so forth. G2 84 VASISHTHA. XVII, 1. CuapTer XVII. 1. The father throws his debts on the (son) and obtains immortality if he sees the face of a living son. 2. It is declared in the Veda, ‘Endless are the worlds of those who have sons; there is no place for the man who is destitute of male offspring.’ 3. There is a curse (in the Veda), ‘May our enemies be destitute of offspring.’ 4. There is also (the following) passage of the Veda, ‘May I obtain, O Agni, immortality by offspring.’ 5. ‘ Through a son he conquers the worlds, through a grandson he obtains immortality, but through his son’s grandson he gains the world of the sun.’ 6. There is a dispute (among the wise; some say), ‘The son belongs to the husband of the wife;’ (and some say), ‘ The son belongs to the begetter.’ 7. With respect to this (matter) they quote also on both sides verses like the following : 8. (Some say), ‘If (one man’s) bull were to beget a hundred calves on another man’s cows, they would belong to the owner of the cows; in vain would the bull have spent his strength.’ XVII. 1. Identical with Vishvu XV, 45; Manu IX, 107; Colebrooke V, Dig. CCCIV. 2. The latter part of the quotation occurs Aitareya-brahmaza VII, 3, 9. 3. Rig-veda I, 21, 5. Rig-veda V, 4, 10; Taittiriya-samhita I, 4, 46, 1. Identical with Manu IX, 137, and Vishau XV, 46. The same point is argued Manu IX, 31-56. Identical with Manu IX, 50. PaAms XVII, 15. INHERITANCE. 85 g. (Others say), ‘Carefully watch the procreation of your offspring, lest strangers sow seed on your soil; in the next world the son belongs to the begetter; (by carelessness) a husband makes (the possession of) offspring in vain.’ 10. If amongst many brothers who are begotten by one father, one have a son, they all have offspring through that son; thus says the Veda. 11. If among many wives of one husband, one have a son, they all have offspring through that son; thus says the Veda. 12. Twelve (kinds of) sons only are noticed by the ancients. 13. The first (among these is the son) begotten by the husband himself on his legally married wife. 14. The second is the son of a wife (who is begotten) on failure of the (first) on a (wife or widow duly) authorised (thereto, by a kinsman).
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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