The Sacred Laws of the Âryas, Part II — SBE Vol. 14 (trans. Georg Bühler, 1882)

14. Now they quote also (the following verses): ‘But Snatakas shall always wear a lower garment and an upper one, two sacrificial threads, (shall carry) a staff and a vessel filled with water.’

15. ‘It is declared, that (a vessel becomes) pure (if cleaned) with water, or with the hand, or with a stick, or with fire. Therefore he shall clean (his) vessel with water and with his (right) hand.’

16. ‘For Manu, the lord of created beings, calls
(this mode of cleaning) encircling it with fire.’

17. ‘He who is perfectly acquainted with (the rules of) purification shall sip water (out of this vessel), after he has relieved the necessities of nature.’

18. Let him eat his food facing the east.

explanation is given by Narayaza on Sankhayana Grzhya-sitra IV, 12, 11, who takes it to mean, ‘Let him not go from one house to the other.’

g. Gautama IX, 52; Vishzu LXIII, 42.

10. Vishvu LXXI, 17-18. 11-12. Vishnu LXXI, 35.

13. Gautama IX, 37-38, 41-43; Vishvu LX, 2-3.

14. Vishau LXXI, 13-15. 18. Vishvu LXVIII, 40.

p. 61

19. Silently let him swallow the entire mouthful,
(introducing it into the mouth) with the four fingers
and with the thumb;

20. And let him not make a noise (while eating).

21. Let him approach his wife in the proper season, except on the Parva days.

22. Let him not commit a crime against nature
(with her).

23. Now they quote also (the following verse): ‘The ancestors of a man who commits an unnatural crime with a wedded wife, feed during that month on his semen. All unnatural intercourse is against the sacred law.’

24. It is also declared in the Ka¢haka, ‘ (When) the women (asked) Indra, “ May even those among us, who are soon to be mothers, (be allowed to) cohabit with their husbands,” he granted that wish.’

25. Let him not ascend a tree.

26. Let him not descend into a well.

27. Let him not blow the fire with his mouth.

28. Let him not pass between a fire and a Brah-

_maza,

29. Nor between two fires ;

30. Nor between two Brahmamzas; or (he may do it) after having asked for permission.

31. Let him not dine together with his wife. For it is declared in the Vagasaneyaka, ‘His children will be destitute of manly vigour.’

19. Krishnapandita thinks that this rule refers to the first five mouthfuls only.

21. Vishnu LXIX, 1.. The Parva days are the eighth, fourteenth, and fifteenth of each half-month.

25-27. Gautama IX, 32. 28. Apastamba II, 5, 12, 6.

30. Apastamba II, 5, 12, 7-8.

31. Satapatha-brahmama X, 5, 2,9; Vishvu LXVIII, 46.

p. 32

32. Let him not point out (a rainbow calling it) by (its proper) name, ‘ Indra’s bow.’

33. Let him call it ‘the jewelled bow’ (mazidhanuZ).

34. Let him avoid seats, clogs, sticks for cleaning the teeth, (and other implements) made of Paldsa wood,

35. Let him not eat (food placed) in his lap.

36. Let him not eat (food placed) on a chair.

37. Let him carry a staff of bamboo,

38. And (wear) two golden earrings.

34. Let him avoid seats, clogs, sticks for cleaning the teeth, (and other implements) made of Paldsa wood,

35. Let him not eat (food placed) in his lap.

36. Let him not eat (food placed) on a chair.

37. Let him carry a staff of bamboo,

38. And (wear) two golden earrings.

39. Let him not wear any visible wreath excepting a golden one;

40. And let him disdain assemblies and crowds.

41. Now they quote also (the following verse) :
‘To deny the authority of the Vedas, to carp at the
teaching of the Avzshis, to waver with respect to any
(matter of duty), that is to destroy one’s soul.’

42. Let him not go to a sacrifice except if he is chosen (to be an officiating priest. But) if he goes, he must, on returning home, turn his right hand (towards the place).

43. Let him not set out on a journey when the sun stands over the trees.

32-33. Gautama IX, 22. 34. Gautama IX, 44.

• 35. Vishvu LXVIII, 21. 36. Gautama IX, 32.
• 37. Vishau LXXI, 13. 38. Vishvu LXXI, 16.

39. Gautama IX, 32.

40. I read sabhdsamavayamskavagayeta. The corrupt readings of Bh. samavaydska gaviyan and of F. samavayamska vakshtyanna point to this version, the sense of which agrees with the parallel passages of other Sm~‘tis, see e. g. Apastamba I, 11, 32, 19.

41. Vishnu LXXI, 83. 42. Gautama IX, 54-55, 66.

43. Vishnu LXIII, 9. According to Krishnapandita the time intended is midday.

XIII, s. THE STUDY OF THE VEDA. 63

44. Let him not ascend an unsafe boat, or (any unsafe conveyance).

45. Let him not cross a river, swimming.

46. When he has risen in the last watch (of the night) and has recited (the Veda) he shall not lie down again.

47. In the Muhfrta sacred to Pragdpati a
Brahmamza shall fulfil some sacred duties.

CuHaPTeR XIII.

1. Now, therefore, the Upakarman (or the rite preparatory to the study) of the Veda (must be performed) on the full moon day of the month Sravaza or Praush¢hapada.

2. Having kindled the sacred fire, he offers
(therein) unground (rice) grains,

3. To- the gods, to the Avzshis, and to the
Khandas.

4. Let them begin to study the Vedas, after having made Brahmamzas (invited for the purpose) wish ‘welfare’ (svasti), and after having fed them with sour milk,

5. (And continue the Veda-study) during four

44. Vishau LXIII, 47.

45. Vishau LXIII, 46. Krishnapandita omits this Sfitra which is found in the majority of the‘MSS.

46. Apastamba I, 11, 32,15; Vishwu XXX, 27.

47. Manu IV, 92; Vishzu LX, 1. The Muhfrta sacred to PragApati is the same as the Brahma-muhfrta, and falls in the last watch of the night.

XIII. 1. Vishzu XXX, 1. Sravana, July-August. Praushéhapada, i.e, Bhadrapada, August-September. Krishvapandita improperly combines this Sfitra with the next.

5. Gautama XVI, 2.

p. 6

months and a half or during five months and a half.

6. After (the expiration of) that (period), he may study (the Vedas) during the bright half of each month,

Krishvapandita improperly combines this Sfitra with the next.

5. Gautama XVI, 2.

p. 6

months and a half or during five months and a half.

6. After (the expiration of) that (period), he may study (the Vedas) during the bright half of each month,

7. But the supplementary treatises (Angas) of the Veda at pleasure (both during the bright and the dark halves of each month).

8. Interruptions of the (Veda-study shall take place), g. If it thunders during the twilight,

10. During (both) the twilights (of each day),

11. In towns where a corpse (lies) or KAndalas
(stay).

12. At pleasure (he may study seated) in (a place) which has been smeared with cowdung and around which a line has been drawn.

13. (Let him not study) near a burial-ground,

14. (Nor) lying down,

15. Nor when he has eaten or received a gift at a funeral sacrifice ;

16. And with reference to this (subject) they quote a verse of Manu, ‘Be it fruit, or water, or

6-7. Manu IV, 98.

9. Apastamba I, 3, 9, 20. 1o, Gautama XVI, r2.

11. Gautama XVI,19; Vishnu XXX,10. The above translation follows Krishnapandita’s gloss. But the Sftra may also be taken differently : ‘In (villages) where a corpse lies or a Kandala stays (and) in towns.’ For the prohibition to study in towns is mentioned by Gautama XVI, 45; Manu IV, 116; and Apastamba I, 3; 9) 4:

12, Apastamba I, 3, 9,5. The rule refers to places, such as high-roads, where studying is ordinarily forbidden.

13. Vishvu XXX, 15; Apastamba I, 3, 9, 6.

14. Gautama XVI, 17. 15. Gautama XVI, 34.

16. Manu IV, 117 somewhat resembles the verse quoted. Butp. 65 sesamum, or food, or whatever be the (gift) at a SrAddha, let him not, having just accepted it, recite the Veda; for it is declared in the Smvzti, that the hand of a Brahmaza is his mouth.’

17. (Let him not recite the Veda) while he runs,
(nor) while a foul smell and the like (are perceptible,
nor) on barren ground,

18. (Nor) when he has ascended a tree,

19. (Nor) in a boat or in a camp,

20. Nor after meals while his hands are moist,

21. (Nor) while the sound of a V4za (is heard),

22. (Nor) on the fourteenth day (of each halfmonth, nor) on the new moon day, (nor) on the eighth day (of each half-month, nor) on an Ashéaké,

23. (Nor) while he stretches his feet out, (nor)
while he makes a lap, (nor) while he leans against
(something), nor (in any other unbecoming posture),

24. (Nor) close to his Gurus,

25. (Nor) during that night in which he has had conjugal intercourse,

26. (Nor) dressed in that garment which he had on during conjugal intercourse, except if it has been washed, its altered form shows clearly that the M4nava Dharmas4stra known to Vasish/ka differed from the work which at present goes by that name. Compare also SA4nkhayana Grhya-sftra IV, 7, 55.

17. YAgfavalkya I,150; Gautama XVI, 19; Manu IV, 120.

18. Apastamba I, 3, 11, 16.

1g. Vishwu XXX, 18; Manu IV, raz.

20. Apastamba I, 3, 10, 25.