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1Ces principes établis, il voulait classer les phénomènes de la vie humaine en deux séries d’effets distincts, et réclamait pour chacune d’elles une analyse spéciale, avec une instance ardente de conviction. En effet, après avoir observé, dans presque toutes les créations, deux mouvements séparés, il les pressentait, les admettait même pour notre nature, et nommait cet antagonisme vital : l’action et la réaction . — Un désir, disait-il, est un fait entièrement accompli dans notre Volonté avant de l’être extérieurement. Ainsi, l’ensemble de nos Volitions et de nos Idées constituait l’ Action , et l’ensemble de nos actes extérieurs, la Réaction . Lorsque, plus tard, je lus les observations faites par Bichat sur le dualisme de nos sens extérieurs, je fus comme étourdi par mes souvenirs, en reconnaissant une coïncidence frappante entre les idées de ce célèbre physiologiste et celles de Lambert. Morts tous deux avant le temps, ils avaient marché d’un pas égal à je ne sais quelles vérités. La nature s’est complu en tout à donner de doubles destinations aux divers appareils constitutifs de ses créatures, et la double action de notre organisme, qui n’est plus un fait contestable, appuie par un ensemble de preuves d’une éventualité quotidienne les déductions de Lambert relativement à l’ Action et à la Réaction . L’être actionnel ou intérieur, mot qui lui servait à nommer le species inconnu, le mystérieux ensemble de fibrilles auquel sont dues les différentes puissances incomplétement observées de la Pensée, de la Volonté ; enfin cet être innommé voyant, agissant, mettant tout à fin, accomplissant tout avant aucune démonstration corporelle, doit, pour se conformer à sa nature, n’être soumis à aucune des conditions physiques par lesquelles l’être réactionnel ou extérieur, l’homme visible est arrêté dans ses manifestations.
2De là découlaient une multitude d’explications logiques sur les effets les plus bizarres en apparence de notre double nature, et la rectification de plusieurs systèmes à la fois justes et faux. Certains hommes ayant entrevu quelques phénomènes du jeu naturel de l’ être actionnel , furent, comme Swedenborg, emportés au delà du monde vrai par une âme ardente, amoureuse de poésie, ivre du principe divin. Tous se plurent donc, dans leur ignorance des causes, dans leur admiration du fait, à diviniser cet appareil intime, à bâtir un mystique univers. De là, les anges ! délicieuses illusions auxquelles ne voulait pas renoncer Lambert, qui les caressait encore au moment où le glaive de son Analyse en tranchait les éblouissantes ailes.
3— Le Ciel, me disait-il, serait après tout la survie de nos facultés perfectionnées, et l’Enfer le néant où retombent les facultés imparfaites. Mais comment, en des siècles où l’entendement avait gardé les impressions religieuses et spiritualistes qui ont régné pendant les temps intermédiaires entre le Christ et Descartes, entre la Foi et le Doute, comment se défendre d’expliquer les mystères de notre nature intérieure autrement que par une intervention divine ! À qui, si ce n’est à Dieu même, les savants pouvaient-ils demander raison d’une invisible créature si activement, si réactivement sensible, et douée de facultés si étendues, si perfectibles par l’usage, ou si puissantes sous l’empire de certaines conditions occultes, que tantôt ils lui voyaient, par un phénomène de vision ou de locomotion abolir l’espace dans ses deux modes de Temps et de Distance dont l’un est l’espace intellectuel, et l’autre l’espace physique ; tantôt ils lui voyaient reconstruire le passé, soit par la puissance d’une vue rétrospective, soit par le mystère d’une palingénésie assez semblable au pouvoir que posséderait un homme de reconnaître aux linéaments, téguments et rudiments d’une graine, ses floraisons antérieures dans les innombrables modifications de leurs nuances, de leurs parfums et de leurs formes ; et que tantôt enfin, ils lui voyaient deviner imparfaitement l’avenir, soit par l’aperçu des causes premières, soit par un phénomène de pressentiment physique.
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
1The use of the word ‘‘medium’’ was suggested to him by an observation he had made in his childhood, though, to be sure, he had no suspicion then of its importance, but its singularity naturally struck his delicately alert imagination. His mother, a fragile, nervous woman, all sensitiveness and affection, was one of those beings created to represent womanhood in all the perfection of her attributes, but relegated by a mistaken fate to too low a place in the social scale. Wholly loving, and consequently wholly suffering, she died young, having thrown all her energies into her motherly love. Lambert, a child of six, lying, but not always sleeping, in a cot by his mother’s bed, saw the electric sparks from her hair when she combed it. The man of fifteen made scientific application of this fact which had amused the child, a fact beyond dispute, of which there is ample evidence in many instances, especially of women / LOUIS LAMBERT . 229 who by a sad fatality are doomed to let unappreciated feelings evaporate in the air, or some superabundant power run to waste. 2
2In support of his definitions, Lambert propounded a variety of problems to be solved, challenges flung out to science, though he proposed to seek the solution for himself. He inquired, for instance, whether the element that constitutes electricity does not enter as a base into the specific fluid whence our Ideas and Volitions proceed? Whether the hair, which loses its color, turns white, falls out, or disappears, in proportion to the decay or crystallization of our thoughts, may not be in fact a capillary system, either absorbent or diffusive, and wholly electrical? Whether the fluid phenomena of the Will, a matter generated within us, and spontaneously reacting under the impress of conditions as yet unobserved, were at all more extraordinary than those of the invisible and intangible fluid produced by a voltaic pile, and applied to the nervous system of a dead man? Whether the formation of Ideas and their constant diffusion was less incomprehensible than evaporation of the atoms, imperceptible indeed, but so violent in their effects, that are given off from a grain of musk without any loss of weight. Whether, granting that the function of the skin is purely protective, absorbent, excretive, and tactile, the circulation of the blood and all its mechanism would not correspond with the transubstantiation of our Will, as the circulation of the nerve fluid corresponds to that of the Mind? Finally, whether the more or less rapid affluence of these two real substances may not be the result of a certain perfection or imperfection of organs whose conditions require investigation in every manifestation ?
3230 BALZAC’S WORKS Having set forth these principles, he proposed to class the phenomena of human life in two series of distinct results, demanding, with the ardent insistency of conviction, a special analysis for each. In fact, having observed in almost every type of created thing two separate motions, he assumed, nay, he asserted, their existence in our human nature, and designated this vital antithesis Action and Reaction. ‘‘A desire,’’ he said, ‘‘is a fact completely accomplished in our will before it is accomplished externally.”’ Hence the sum-total of our Volitions and our Ideas constitutes Action, and the sum-total of our external acts he called Reaction. ‘ When I subsequently read the observations made by Bichat on the duality of our external senses, I was really bewildered by my recollections, recognizing the startling coincidences between the views of that celebrated physiologist and those of Louis Lambert. They both died too young, and they had with equal steps arrived at the same strange truths. Nature has in every case been pleased to give a twofold purpose to the various apparatus that constitute her creatures; and the twofold action of the human organism, which is now ascertained beyond dispute, proves ' by a mass of evidence in daily life how true were Lambert’s deductions as to Action and Reaction. The inner Being, the Being of Action—the word he used to designate an unknown specialization—the mysterious nexus of fibrils to which we owe the inadequately investigated powers of thought and will—in short, the nameless entity which sees, acts, foresees the end, and accomplishes everything before expressing itself in any physical phenomenon—must, in conformity with its nature, ? a p/n LOUIS LAMBERT 231 be free from the physical conditions by which the external _ Being of Reaction, the visible man, is fettered in its manifestation. From this followed a multitude of logical expla-. nation as to those results of our twofold nature which appear _ the strangest, and a rectification of various systems in which truth and falsehood are mingled. Certain men, having had a glimpse of some phenomena of the natural working of the Being of Action, were, like Swedenborg, carried away above this world by their ardent soul, thirsting for poetry, and filled with the Divine Spirit. Thus, in their ignorance of the causes and their admiration of the facts, they pleased their fancy by regarding that inner man as divine, and constructing a mystical universe. Hence we have angels! A lovely Hiusion which Lambert would never abandon, cherishing it even when the sword of his logic was cutting off their dazzling wings.
Our translation, period-faithful. Citable as our translation, never as the source.
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