The Varieties of Religious Experience — William James

Miiller's custom was to never run up bills, not even for a week. " As the Lord deals out to us by the day, . . . the week's payment might become due and we have no money to meet it; and thus those with whom we deal might be inconvenienced by us, and we be found acting against the commandment of the Lord : ' Owe no man anything.

From this day\ and henceforward whilst the Lord gives to us our supplies by \ the day, we purpose to pay at once for every article as it is purchased, and never to buy anything except we can pay for it at once, however much it may seem to be needed, and hoW' ever much those with whom we deal may wish to be paid only by the week. The articles needed of which Miiller speaks were the food, fuel, etc., of his orphanages.

Somehow, near as they often come to going without a meal, they hardly ever seem actually to have done so. " Greater and more manifest nearness of the Lord's presence I have never had than when after breakfast there were no means for dinner for more than a hundred persons ; or when after dinner there were no means for the tea, and yet the Lord provided the tea ; and all this without one single human being having been informed about our need. . . .

Through Grace my mind is so fully assured of the faithfulness of the Lord, that in the midst of the greatest need, I am enabled in peace to go about my other work.

Indeed, did not the Lord give me this, which is the result of trusting in him, I should scarcely be able to work at all ; for it is now comparatively a rare thing that a day comes when I am not in need for one or another part of the work." ^ In building his orphanages simply by prayer and faith,\ Miiller affirms that his prime motive was "to have something to point to as a visible proof that our God and Father is the same faithful God that he ever was, — as willing as ever to prove himself the living God, in our day as formerly, to all that put their trust in him." ^ For this reason he refused to borrow money for any of his enterprises.

" How does it work 1 The Life of Trust ; Being a Narrative of the Lord's Dealings with George Midler, New American edition, N. Y., Crowell, pp. 228, 194, 219. 2 Ibid., p. 126.

p. 470when we thus anticipate God by going our own way ? We certainly weaken faith instead of increasing it ; and each time we work thus a deliverance of our own we find it more and more difficult to trust in God, till at last we give way entirely to our natural fallen reason and unbelief prevails. How different if one is enabled to wait God's own time, and to look alone to him for help and deliverance !

When at last help comes, after many seasons of prayer it may be, how sweet it is, and what a present recompense ! Dear Christian reader, if you have never walked in this path of obedience before, do so now, and you will then know experimentally the sweetness of the joy which results from it." ^ When the supplies came in but slowly, Miiller always considered that this was for the trial of his faith and patience.

When his faith and patience had been sufficiently tried, the Lord would send more means. " And thus it has proved," — I quote from his diary, — " for to-day was given me the sum of 2050 pounds, of which 2000 are for the building fund [of a certain house], and 50 for present necessities. It is impossible to describe my joy in God when I received this donation.

I was neither excited nor surprised ; for llooJc out for answers . , y . to my .prayers, I believe tli(Jit.Qpd hears me. Yet my heart A- / ' V^ ^g^g gQ £y]j q£ JQy ^Yioi I could only sit before God, and admire him, like David in 2 Samuel vii.

At last I cast myself flat down upon my face and burst forth in thanksgiving to God and in surrendering my heart afresh to him for his blessed service." ^ George Miiller's is a case extreme in every respect, and in no respect more so than in the extraordinary narrowness of the man's intellectual horizon. His God was, as he often said, his business partner.

He seems to have been for Miiller little more than a sort of supernatural clergyman interested in the congregation of tradesmen and others in Bristol who were his saints, and in the orphanages and other enterprises, but unpossessed of 1 Op. cit., p. 383, abridged. 2 ibid., p. 323.

p. 471any of those vaster and wilder and more ideal attributes with which the human imagination elsewhere has invested him. Miiller, in short, was absolutely unphilosophical.

His intensely private and practical conception of his relations with the Deity continued the traditions of the most primitive human thought.^ When we compare a mind like his with such a mind as, for example, ^Iw. ^^ Emerson's or Phillips Brooks's, we see the ran^e which ^7,,,.. ..S^. the religious consciousness covers. There is an immense literature relating to answers to petitional prayer.

The evangelical journals are filled ^ I cannot resist the temptation of quoting an expression of an even more primitive style of religious thought, which I find in Arber's English Garland, vol. vii. p. 440. Robert Lyde, an English sailor, along with an English boy, being prisoners on a French ship in 1689, set upon the crew, of seven Frenchmen, killed two, made the other five prisoners, and brought home the ship.

Lyde thus describes how in this feat he found his God a very present help in time of trouble : — " With the assistance of God I kept my feet when they three and one more did strive to throw me down. Feeling the Frenchman which hung about my middle hang very heavy, I said to the boy, ' Go round the binnacle, and knock down that man that hangeth on my back. So the boy did strike him one blow on the head which made him fall. . . .

Then I looked about for a marlin spike or anything else to strike them withal. But seeing nothing, I said, ' Lord ! what shall I do ?

' Then casting up my eye upon my left side, and seeing a marlin spike hanging, I jerked my right arm and took hold, and struck the point four times about a quarter of an inch deep into the skull of that man that had hold of my left arm. [One of the Frenchmen then hanled the marlin spike away from him.] But through God's wonderful providence ! it either fell out of his hand, or else he threw it down, and at this time the Almighty God gave me strength enough to take one man in one hand, and throw at the other's head : and looking about again to see anything to strike them withal, but seeing nothing, I said, * Lord ! what shall I do now ?

' And then it pleased GoD to put me in mind of my knife in my pocket.

And although two of the men had hold of my right arm, yet God Almighty strengthened me so that I put my right hand into my right pocket, drew out the knife and sheath, . . . put it between my legs and drew it out, and then cut the man's throat with it that had bis back to my breast : and he immediately dropt down, and scarce ever stirred after." — I have slightly abridged Lyde's narrative.